2022年中考英语语法专项讲解：定语从句（教学ppt课件）.pptx

1、定语从句Attributive Clause主讲老师：Miss Guo语法专项讲解语法专项讲解Part 1Part 11.1什么是定语？我就是我就是英俊潇洒、风流倜傥、玉树临风、年少多金、神勇威武、天下无敌、宇内第一、寂寞高手、刀枪不入、唯我独尊、玉面郎君、仁者无敌、勇者无惧、金刚不坏、英明神武、侠义非凡、义薄云天、古往今来、无与伦比、谦虚好学、不耻下问、聪明伶俐、活泼可爱、有情有义、有胆有色、举世无双、风度翩翩、气势凌人、貌似潘安、智胜孔明、勇比子龙、义超关羽、巧越鲁班的.世间真男人世间真男人。定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词品质与特征。people there(副词作定语)beauti

2、ful girl（作定语）the boy under the tree（介词短语作定语）have something to say（动词不定式作定语）the boy crying over there（现在分词短语作定语）the house built last year（过去分词短语作定语）The boy who is handsome is my brother.（句子作定语）1.2什 么 是 定 语 从 句？The boy who is handsome is my brother.【句子分析】主句：The boy is my brother.从句：who is handsome 被修饰

3、词：The boy 定语从句：在复合句中充当定语，修饰名词或代词的从句 先行词指被修饰的名词或代词 关系词：引导定语从句的词并且指代其前面的名词或代词，可分为关系代词和关系副词 （关系词又可称为：引导词）(又可称为形容词性从句)先行词定语从句who关系词【练习 1】判断下列定语从句中的关系词和先行词1.The author whom you criticized has written a letter in reply.2.The points which the president stressed in this report are very important indeed.3.Th

4、ey needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.连接（连接定语从句和主句）关系词的三大作用：替代（替代前面的先行词）成分（在定从中要充当一定的句子成分）定语从句的位置一般在先行词之后关系词Part 2Part 22.1定 从 关 系 词 分 类2.2关 系 代 词 的 基本 用 法lwho 的用法（指人）e.g.The man who is singing is my brother.The man is my brother.（主句）who is singing.（从句）作主语 先行词指人，并在定从中作主语或者宾语时，用 wh

5、o引导 （也可用 that,;只作宾语时，也可用whom）The mane.g.I know the man who you just talked with.I know the man.（主句）who you just talked with .(从句)The man作宾语You just talked with the man.2.2关 系 代 词 的 基本 用 法lwhom 的用法（指人）e.g.The man whom I met yesterday is my English teacher.The man is my English teacher.（主句）whom I met

6、yesterday.（从句）作宾语 先行词指人，并在定从中作宾语时，用 whom引导（也可用 that/who引导）或者省略关系代词The manI met the man yesterday.2.2关 系 代 词 的 基本 用 法lwhose 的用法（既可指人又可指物）e.g.I have a dog whose name is Eddie.I have a dog.（主句）whose name is Eddie.（从句）作定语 先行词指人或物，并在定从中作定语时，用 whose引导 The dogs2.2关 系 代 词 的 基本 用 法lwhich 的用法（指物）e.g.I like th

7、e flower which you send to me.(先行词在定从中作宾语)The book which is on the desk is mine.(先行词在定从中作主语)先行词指物，并在定从中作主语或者宾语时，用 which引导(也可用that),做宾语时关系词可省略l that 的用法（既可指人又可指物）在定从中作主语或宾语,做宾语时关系词可省略.的that 既可以指人也可以指物that 和 which 都可以作主语和宾语as 引导的定语从句but 引导的定语从句2.2关系代词的基本用法（总结）【练习 2】判断下列句子中的先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分。1.This is th

8、e film which I saw last night.2.This is the film whose name is Titanic.3.Here is the picture that is taken from the film.This is the film.(主句)which I saw last night.(从句)The film作宾语The films name is Titanic.（作宾语）（作定语）（作主语）4.The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy.5.Jack an

9、d Lucy are the hero/hr/and the heroine/hern/who loved each other very much in the film.（作宾语）（作主语）2.3定从关系代词的选择（重点）关系代词的基本用法先行词主语宾语定语指人whothatwhomwhothat whose指物whichthatwhichthatwhose2.3 e.g.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous in the word.解题方法：学生先总结，老师再次总结The scientist is very famous in the

10、 word.（主句）we met yesterday.（从句）The scientist作宾语whom/who/that/不填定从关系代词的选择（重点）【练习 3】单项选择。1.The place interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A.which B.where C.what 解析：主句：The place was the Childrens Palace.从句：interested me most.修饰前面的名词the place,因此为定语从句；先行词：The place 将The place带入从句后，从句变为”The place i

11、nterested me most.”先行词在句中作主语；作主语，又指物，所以选A2.Do you know the man my father is talking with?A.whose B.whom C.which AB3.The woman spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.A.what B.whom C.which D.who 解析：主句：The woman is my mother.从句：spoke at the meeting yesterday.修饰前面的名词the woman,因此为定语从句；先行词：The woman

12、将The woman带入从句后，从句变为”The woman spoke at the meeting yesterday.”先行词在句中作主语；作主语，又指人，所以选D 【练习 4】翻译下列句子。1.我们这周辩论会上争论的主题是是否要保护荒野(wilderness)。同学们观点各不相同。The theme which we argued about in the debate week was“whether to protect the wilderness”.Opinions differed/varied/were divided among us students.辩论会：debat

13、e 主题：theme;topic 争论某事：argue about sth.D主句：我们的主题是是否要保护荒野。从句：这周辩论会上争论的主题。The theme was”whether to protect the wilderness”.We argued about the theme in the debate week.(作宾语)2.3关 系 副 词 的 基本 用 法在定语从句中，先行词-表示时间、地点或原因的名词，从句中缺状语要用关系副词when,where,why，如：lwhen表示时间，在从句中作时间状语I still remember the year when you gra

14、duated from No.8 Middle School.引导词（在从句中作时间状语）I forgot the day when you met him.（When作从句的时间状语）2.3关 系 副 词 的 基本 用 法lwhy表原因，在从句中作原因状语，先行词只是reason.We dont know the reason why he was late for school.引导词（在从句中作原因状语）I know the reason why he left.lwhere表地点，在从句中作地点状语.That is the school where I studied three ye

15、ars ago.引导词（在从句中作地点状语）I like the place where you live.【练习】单项选择。1.The place interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A.which B.where C.what 解析：主句：The place was the Childrens Palace.从句：interested me most.修饰前面的名词the place,因此为定语从句；先行词：The place 将The place带入从句后，从句变为”The place interested me most.”先行词在句

16、中作主语；作主语，又指物，所以选A2.Do you know the man my father is talking with?A.whose B.whom C.which AB1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.A.which B.when C.that D.on that2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan.A.which B.what C.why D.for that 3.Is this the place _ you were born?A.which B.where C

17、.what D.that2.3定 从 关 系 副 词的 选 择1.Is this the place _ you were born?A.which B.where C.what D.that2.Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year?A.which B.where C.what D.why2.3定 从 关 系 副 词的 选 择2.4中考真题训练1.(2020贵州黔东南州)Li Wenliang is a brave doctor _ is known to millions of Chinese people.Awh

18、o Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen 2.(2020山东滨州)Do you know Li Ziqi?Of course.She is a beautiful girl_has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.Awhose Bwhere Cwhich Dwho 3.(2020四川甘孜州)The nurse _ is looking after the old man is Toms sister.Awhich Bwho Cwhat 4.(2020四川自贡)Have you heard of the bas

19、ketball team _ won the NBA championship last year?Of course,its my favorite basketball team Warriors.Awhose Bwhich Cwho 5.(2020黑龙江哈尔滨)What are they talking about?They are talking about the greatest inventions _ have made a big difference to our daily life.Awhich Bwho Cthat2.4答案解析1.【答案】A【解析】句意：李文亮是一位

20、勇敢的医生，被许多中国人所熟知。考查定语从句。A.who谁；B.which哪一个；C.what什么；D.when什么时候。根据句子结构，这是一个定语从句，先行词为doctor，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。2.【答案】D【解析】句意：你知道李子柒吗？当然知道，她是一个美丽的女孩，她制作了许多视频来展示中国传统的生活方式。考查定语从句。whose谁的；where哪里；which哪一个；who谁。句中girl是先行词，表示“人”，所以使用关系代词who引导定语从句，who has made many videos to show a traditional

21、 Chinese way of life作girl的定语。故选D。3.【答案】B【解析】句意：正在照顾那位老人的护士是汤姆的妹妹。考查定语从句关系词。which关系代词，先行词是物，且在从句中作主语、宾语；who关系代词，先行词是人，且在从句中作主语；what什么，不能引导定语从句。根据题干可知从句的先行词“The nurse”，指人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选B。4.【答案】B【解析】句意：你听说过去年赢得NBA总冠军的篮球队吗？当然，它是我最喜欢的篮球队勇士队。考查定语从句。A.whose表先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系；B.which指物；C.who指人。根据

22、句子结构，先行词为basketball team，指物，且关系代词在从句中作主语，故选B。5.【答案】C【解析】句意：他们在谈论什么？他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。考查定语从句关系词。which先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语；that先行词指人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。结合题干可知先行词“inventions”指物，且在从句中作主语，排除B；先行词前有形容词最高级“the greatest”修饰，关系词不能用which只能用that，排除A。故选C。2.4中考真题训练6.(2020黑龙江牡丹江)Parasite寄生虫be

23、came the first non-English best movie _ has won Oscars in history.Athat Bwhich Cwho7.(2020黑龙江大庆)Would you please tell me about the plan _ you made _ your leave?Awho;after Bwhat;when Cwhich;while Dthat;before 8.(2020黑龙江龙东地区（农垦）)Treasure Island is the most _ novel _ I have read.Ainteresting；which Bint

24、eresting；that Cinterested；that9.(2020贵州安顺)In difficult times,there are always national heroes _ step up and bring people hope.Awhom Bwhich Cwho 10.(2020黑龙江绥化市)We all like comedies _ make us relaxed.Awho Bthat Cwhom2.4答案解析6.【答案】A【解析】句意：寄生虫成为历史上第一部获得奥斯卡最佳影片奖的非英语电影。考查定语从句的关系词辨析。that既可指人又可指物的关系代词；which指

25、物的关系代词；who指人的关系代词。根据句子结构，此句是一个定语从句，先行词movie指物，在从句中作主语，排除C选项。当先行词被形容词最高级best修饰时，关系词只能用that，所以空格处填that。故选A。7.【答案】D【解析】句意：你能在你离开之前给我讲讲你做的这个计划么？考查定语从句和状语从句。who谁，指人；what什么，不引导定语从句；which哪一个，指物；that在定语从句中可以代替人或者物。先行词是plan，定语从句用which或者that来引导，which 或者that在定语从句中作宾语。after在之后；when 当时候；while当时候；before在之前。根据“you

26、r leave”可知第二空用before引导时间状语从句，表示“在你离开之前”。故选D。8.【答案】B【解析】句意：金银岛是我读过的最有趣的小说。考查形容词辨析和关系代词辨析。interesting有趣的，主要表示“某物是有趣的”；interested感兴趣的，主要表示“某人对某事感兴趣”；此处指“有趣的小说”，所以用interesting。定语从句中先行词指物时，which和that都可以用，但当先行词有最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that，本句中的先行词novel 由最高级修饰，所以用that，故选B。9.【答案】C【解析】句意：在困难时期，总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来希望的国家英雄。考查

27、定语从句的关系词。whom先行词为人，在从句中充当宾语；which先行词为物；who先行词为人，在从句中充当主语或宾语。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，是人，所以排除B；根据先行词在从句中充当主语，所以用who引导，故选C。10.【答案】B【解析】句意：我们都喜欢喜剧，喜剧让我们放松。考查定语从句。who指代人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；that指代人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语。先行词是comedies，是物，用关系代词that，that在定语从句做主语。故选B。2.4中考真题训练11.(2020湖北鄂州)I will remember the

28、 important people in my life _ helped and supported me.Awho Bwhich Cwhat Dhow 12.(2020湖南怀化)Do you like the song Shao Nian?Yes.I like the songs _ I can sing along with.Athat Bwho Cwhat 13.(2020辽宁营口)What are you looking for?I m looking for the dictionary _ my brother gave me last month.Athat Bwhat Cwh

29、o Dwhom14.(2020吉林)This is the CD_ I bought last year.Awho Bthat Cwhom15.(2020湖北黄冈)Do you know the girl_ is giving the speech?Of course.She is my best friend,Meimei.Awhich Bwho Cwhom Dwhat 2.4答案解析11.【答案】A【解析】句意：我将记住我生命中那些帮助和支持过我的重要的人们。考查关系代词。who先行词为人；which先行词为物；what不引导定语从句；how在从句中充当方式状语。此处引导定语从句修饰先行词

30、people，是人，应该用who引导，故选A。12.【答案】A【解析】句意：你喜欢少年这首歌吗？是的。我喜欢我能跟着唱的歌。考查定语从句引导词。根据句子结构可知，该空引导的是定语从句，修饰空前的名词the songs。that是关系代词，先行词可以是人，也可以是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who是关系代词，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句。这个定语从句修饰的名词指物，应用that引导。故选A。13.【答案】A【解析】句意：你在找什么？我在找我哥哥上个月送给我的那本字典。考查定语从句引导词。根据句子结构可知，该空引导的是定语从句，修饰空前的名词the dictiona

31、ry。that是关系代词，先行词可以是人，也可以是物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句，排除B；who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。这个定语从句修饰的名词the dictionary是物，应用that引导。故选A。14.【答案】B【解析】句意：这是我去年买的CD。考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人；that关系代词，指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据句意和语境可知，本句的先行词the CD属于物，而且在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导，故选B。15.【答案】B【解析】句意：你知道

32、那个演讲的女孩么？当然知道，她是我最好的朋友，梅梅。考查定语从句。which指代物，在定语从句中主语或宾语；who指代人，在定语从句中主语或宾语；who指代人，在定语从句中宾语；what什么。此处是定语从句，先行词是girl指的是人，定语从句用who，who在定语从句中做主语。故选B。2.4中考真题训练16.(2020甘肃天水)The boy _ is holding a ball is my brother.Awhat Bwhich C不填 Dwho 17.(2020福建)Du Fu is a great Chinese poet _ has become popular with many

33、 people around the world.Awhich Bwhom Cwho 18.(2020广西北部湾)Our teacher told us a funny story _ made us laugh.Awhen Bwhich Cwho Dwhom 19.(2020广西贵港)Do you know the boy_ got the first prize in the talent show?Of course.He s my new neighbor.Awhose Bwhom Cwhich Dwho 20.(2020湖北恩施)Mary is my English teacher

34、_ not only teaches me knowledge but also how to be a good person.AShe Bwhich Cwho2.4答案解析15.【答案】B【解析】句意：你知道那个演讲的女孩么？当然知道，她是我最好的朋友，梅梅。考查定语从句。which指代物，在定语从句中主语或宾语；who指代人，在定语从句中主语或宾语；who指代人，在定语从句中宾语；what什么。此处是定语从句，先行词是girl指的是人，定语从句用who，who在定语从句中做主语。故选B。16.【答案】D【解析】句意：这个拿着球的男孩是我的弟弟。考查定语从句。what什么；which哪一个

35、，指代物；who谁，指代人。the boy是先行词，表示的人，定语从句用who指代人，在从句中做主语。故选D。17.【答案】C【解析】句意：杜甫是一位伟大的中国诗人，他受到世界各地许多人的欢迎。考查定语从句。which哪一个；whom宾格，谁；who主格，谁。句中poet是先行词，表示“人”，所以此处使用who或whom引导定语从句，由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以此处使用who引导定语从句。故选C。2.4答案解析18.【答案】B【解析】句意：老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事，我们都笑了。考查关系代词。when先行词为时间名词，在句中作状语；which先行词为物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who先行

36、词为人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom宾格，谁，指代人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据题干可知，这里考查定语从句的引导词，先行词story为物，在定语从句中做主语，所以使用关系代词which，故答案选B。19.【答案】D【解析】句意：你认识那个在才艺表演中获得一等奖的男孩吗?当然。他是我的新邻居。本题考查定语从句的关联词。whose的先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语；whom的先行词是人，在定语从句中做宾语；which的先行词是物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；who的先行词是人，在定语从句中做主语。本句的先行词是the boy是人，在定语从句中做主语，故选D。20.【答案】C【解析】句意：玛丽是我的英语老师，她不仅教我知识，而且教我如何做一个好人。考查定语从句。She她，人称代词主格，在句中作主语；which在定语从句中指物；who在定语从句中指人。本句空格前没有“句点”，故本句为一个完整的定语从句，主语为Mary，故此处将She排除。另本句的先行词English teacher指人，故应用who引导定语从句。故选C。Thank YouThank You