2022年中考英语总复习之动词不定式+句子成分ppt课件.pptx

1、动词不定式动词不定式01句子成分Listen carefully主要成分主要成分主语一般位于主语一般位于句首句首。但是在但是在there bethere be结构结构、(疑问词不作主语的疑问词不作主语的)疑问句和倒装句中，主疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词的语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词的后面后面。一、主语 Walls have ears.He will take you to the hospital.Three plus four equals seven.To see is to believe.Smoking is not allowed in public places

2、.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.名词名词代词代词数词数词to do不定式不定式doing动名词动名词一、主语句子句子主语分词数词名词从句动名词代词动词不定式动词不定式名词化的形容词一、主语谓语是用来说明主语谓语是用来说明主语所做的动作所做的动作或或具有的特征和状态具有的特征和状态的句子成分。的句子成分。简单谓语：简单谓语：通常由通常由动词动词来充当，并且必须和主语在人称和数上保持一来充当，并且必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。致。Action speaks louder than words.I like fruit.二

3、、谓语复合谓语：复合谓语：（1 1）助动词或情态动词助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式。加其他动词的适当形式。（2 2）由由系动词系动词加表语构成加表语构成。The chance may never come again.She is crying.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.We are students.二、谓语三、表语表语是用来说明主语的表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。的。表语常由表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定

4、式、动词的-ing-ing或或从句从句来充当。常位于来充当。常位于系动词系动词之后，和系动词一起构成之后，和系动词一起构成复合谓语复合谓语。表示表示情况情况be,look,keep,seembe,look,keep,seem等，等，表示表示变化变化get,grow,bocome,turnget,grow,bocome,turn等，等，感官动词感官动词look,sound,feel,smelllook,sound,feel,smell系动词系动词My father is a professor.Whos that?Its me.Everything here is expensive.The m

5、atch became very exciting.The story of my life may be of help to others.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in the city.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.名词名词 n代词代词 pron形容词形容词 adj形容词形容词adj介词短语介词短语数词数词to do不定式不定式句子句子三、表语宾语表示宾语表示动作、行为的对象动作、行为的对象，是动作的是动作的承受者承受者。由由名词、

6、代词或短语名词、代词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明等充当，和及物动词一起说明主主语做什么语做什么。一般放在一般放在动词动词/动词短语动词短语之后。之后。介词介词后面后面也会接宾语。也会接宾语。四、宾语She covered her face with her hands.We havent seen her for a long time.Do you mind opening the window?Give me four please.He wants to dream a nice dream.We need know what others are doing.We should c

7、are more about our friends.名词名词 n代词代词 pron动名词动名词代词和数词代词和数词to do不定式不定式句子句子介词介词+名词名词四、宾语定语是用来定语是用来修饰、限定、说明修饰、限定、说明名词名词或或代词代词的品质与特征的的品质与特征的。主要有主要有形容词形容词，此外还有，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式词不定式(短语短语)、分词、定语从句、分词、定语从句或或相当于形容词的词、短相当于形容词的词、短语或句子语或句子都可以作定语。都可以作定语。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。定语和中心语之间是修饰

8、和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。单词单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前前；短语和从句短语和从句作作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后后。五、定语They are woman workers.Toms father didnt write home until yesterday.Mary is a beautiful girl.The play has three acts.This is her first trip to Europe.China is a developing country.I have nothing to e

9、at.Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.名词名词名词所名词所有格有格形容词形容词 adj数词数词形容词形容词/序数词序数词 现在分词现在分词 doingto do 不定式不定式从句从句五、定语英语中的状语用来修饰英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词动词、形容词或副词，主要由，主要由副词、介副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句。词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句。表示表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式、比较、让步、条件、原时间、地点、程度、目的、方式、比较、让步、条件、原因、

10、结果、伴随因、结果、伴随等。等。六、状语六、状语 The best fish swim near the bottom.I left the village five years ago.I arrived late because of the traffic jam.Well send a car to fetch you.The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones The students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.If he goes,so will

11、 I.Though he is a child,he knows a lot.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才意思才完整完整，宾语和它的补足语构成，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词名词或代词充当，第二部充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。等，称为宾语补足

12、语。七、宾语补足语They elected me captain of the team.We try to make our country strong.We found everything in good order there.I should advise you to get the chance.I saw him going upstairs.They found the house broken in.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingdone 过去分词过去分词七、宾语补足语02动词不定式硬菜 is coming!基本概

13、念to do 就是动词不定式（简称不定式），还有不带to的不定式。基本用法在下一页表语04宾语补足语06定语03状语050201基本用法主语宾语To see is to believe.Its important to learn.(1).主语不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2).表语I want to go home.The workers needed to get better pay.I found it necessary to tal

14、k to him again.think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,set out，choose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.(3)宾语The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).宾补带to不定式want,get,like,tell,ask,encourage想要 使 喜欢 告诉 要求 鼓励allow,invite,advise,warn,wi

15、sh允许 邀请 建议 提醒 希望(4).宾补五看watch seelook at observenotice三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear一感觉:feel不带toI made him do his work.He was made to do his work(by me).不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.(3).What d

16、o you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.(5).定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系 He is

17、always the first to come.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。2.不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。He had no money and no place to live.他没钱没地方住。请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.4.something,anything,nothin

18、g,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：1.Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）2.Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else）I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.

19、,关于小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.eg:Would you like to go with me?Id like to.(2).不定式是to be 结构,be 不可省.eg:Would you like to be a teacher?Id like to be.不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要

20、。(主语)My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意：注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?03Exercise1.It is important to learn English well.(主语)2.I want to play football.(宾语)3.I have something to tell you.(定语)Just do it Just do it 4.My dream is to be a doctor.(表语)5.

21、We went to the park to pick up rubbish.(目的状语)6.He told me to get up early tomorrow morning.(宾语补足语)1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up C.give up D.given up2.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B.to have beenC.to b

22、e D.being3.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offC.to turn it off D.having turned it off4.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study5.We find it impossible for

23、 us _the work.A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished6._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeC.Making D.To have made7.I would rather starve to death than _for food.A.beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg8.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read