2022年中考英语语法-副词ppt课件.pptx

1、初中英语语法初中英语语法第六章第六章副词副词副词副词副词是表示行为或状态特征的词，主要用来修饰动词、形容词或是表示行为或状态特征的词，主要用来修饰动词、形容词或另外一个副词，有时修饰整个句子。另外一个副词，有时修饰整个句子。副词副词目录一、副词的特征一、副词的特征1.1.意义上的特征意义上的特征在意义上在意义上,副词用以说明事件发生的时间、地点副词用以说明事件发生的时间、地点,行为的方式、程度行为的方式、程度,说话者说话者的态度、观点等。副词具有明显的修饰和强调功能。的态度、观点等。副词具有明显的修饰和强调功能。一、副词的特征一、副词的特征2.2.形式上的特征形式上的特征(1)(1)许多副词都

2、是在形容词后许多副词都是在形容词后直接加直接加-ly-ly 构成的构成的;以以-le-le 结尾的形容词去掉结尾的形容词去掉e,e,再加再加-y-y;以以-y-y结尾的形容词把结尾的形容词把y y改为改为i,i,再加再加-ly-ly。quick-quickly quick-quickly 迅速地迅速地 careful-carefully careful-carefully 仔细地仔细地 possible-possibly possible-possibly 可能可能 gentle-gentlygentle-gently轻柔地轻柔地 easy-easily easy-easily 容易地容易地

3、happy-happily happy-happily 高兴地高兴地 一、副词的特征一、副词的特征2.2.形式上的特征形式上的特征(2)(2)在英语中在英语中,有很多形容词和副词是同形的。有很多形容词和副词是同形的。late(adj.)late(adj.)迟的迟的,晚的一晚的一(ad(adv v.).)迟迟,晚晚 high(adj.)high(adj.)高的一高的一(ad(adv v.).)高高地高高地 early(adj.)early(adj.)提早的一提早的一(ad(adv v.).)提早提早 hard(adj.)hard(adj.)硬的一硬的一(ad(adv v.).)努力地努力地 st

4、raight(adj.)straight(adj.)笔直的一笔直的一(ad(adv v.).)径直地径直地 fast(adj.)fast(adj.)快的一快的一(ad(adv v.).)快地快地 long(adj.)long(adj.)长的一长的一(ad(adv v.).)长久地长久地 far(adj.)far(adj.)远的一远的一(ad(adv v.).)远远 low(adj.)low(adj.)低的一低的一(ad(adv v.).)低地低地 一、副词的特征一、副词的特征用法比较用法比较有些副词在加有些副词在加-ly-ly 之后可以构成另外的副词之后可以构成另外的副词hard hard 努

5、力地努力地-hardly-hardly 几乎不几乎不 near near 接近地接近地-nearly-nearly 几乎几乎 制词吗制词吗?high high 高高地高高地-highly-highly 高度地高度地most most 最多最多-mostly-mostly 主要地主要地deep deep 在深处在深处-deeply-deeply 深深地深深地close close 靠近靠近-closely-closely 密切地密切地late late 迟迟,晚晚-lately-lately 最近最近wide wide 充分张开地充分张开地-widely-widely 广泛地广泛地一、副词的特征

6、一、副词的特征高频考点高频考点副词的词义辨析在中考单项选择中属于常考点之一副词的词义辨析在中考单项选择中属于常考点之一,主要考查学生对副词词义的主要考查学生对副词词义的理解理解 -Look-Look，Grandma!_Grandma!_clickclick on thison this iconicon（图标）图标）,and then you can talk,and then you can talk to the doctorto the doctor.-So easy?Do I need a special number or something?So easy?Do I need a

7、special number or something?A.Simple A.Simple B.SimplyB.Simply C.Easy C.Easy D.EailyD.Eaily【答案】【答案】B B一、副词的特征一、副词的特征高频考点高频考点Susan went into her bedroom and ate chocolate Susan went into her bedroom and ate chocolate _,not letting her _,not letting her parents know that.parents know that.A.slowly A.s

8、lowly B.calmly B.calmly C.secretly C.secretly D.properlyD.properly【答案】【答案】C C一、副词的特征一、副词的特征高频考点高频考点-Whats the article about,David?-Whats the article about,David?-Its about some tricks-Its about some tricks(诀窍）诀窍）on how to save and spend money _ on how to save and spend money _._.A.cheaplyA.cheaply B

9、.kindly B.kindly C.wisely C.wisely D.comD.comfortabfortablyly【答案】【答案】C C二、副词的分类二、副词的分类1.1.时间副词时间副词表示时间的副词称为时间副词。表示时间的副词称为时间副词。now now 现在现在 then then 那时那时 just now just now 刚才刚才 right nowright now立刻立刻,马上马上 right then right then 就在那时就在那时 right awayright away立刻立刻,耻耻 today today 今天今天 tomorrow tomorrow 明

10、天明天 soon soon 很快很快 ago ago 以前以前 that day that day 那天那天 since since 自从自从以来以来 immediatelyimmediately立刻立刻 often often 经常经常 later later 后来后来 二、副词的分类二、副词的分类2.2.地点副词地点副词表示地点的副词称为地点副词。表示地点的副词称为地点副词。here here 这里这里 there there 那里那里 in in 在里边在里边 out out 在外边在外边 inside inside 在里边在里边 here and therehere and there

11、到处到处outside outside 在外边在外边 down down 在下边在下边 upstairs upstairs 在楼上在楼上 downstairs downstairs 在楼下在楼下 up up在上边在上边 abroad abroad 在国外在国外 over over 在在/到到(某处某处)back back 在后面在后面 outdoors outdoors 在户外在户外 indindoorsoors在室内在室内 everywhere everywhere 到处到处 somewheresomewhere在某处在某处二、副词的分类二、副词的分类3.3.方式副词方式副词描述动作发生方式

12、的副词称为方式副词。描述动作发生方式的副词称为方式副词。well well 好好 fast fast 快地快地 hard hard 努力地努力地 carefully carefully 细心地细心地 slowly slowly 缓慢地缓慢地 suddenly suddenly突然地突然地 simplysimply简易地简易地 kindly kindly 和蔼地和蔼地together together 一起一起 二、副词的分类二、副词的分类4.4.程度副词程度副词描述行为、动作或状态的程度的副词称为程度副词。描述行为、动作或状态的程度的副词称为程度副词。muchmuch得多得多 little l

13、ittle 很少很少 veryvery很很,非常非常 enough enough 充足地充足地 extremely extremely 极端地极端地 entirelyentirely完全地完全地 most most 很很,非常非常 so so 如此如此 too too 太太 rather rather 相当相当 nearly nearly 几乎几乎 almost almost 几乎几乎,差不多差不多 二、副词的分类二、副词的分类5.5.频度副词频度副词描述一定时间内动作发生的次数的副词称为频度副词。描述一定时间内动作发生的次数的副词称为频度副词。usually usually 通常通常 oft

14、en often 经常经常 sometimes sometimes 有时有时 never never 从来没有从来没有 always always 总是总是 seldom seldom 很少很少 二、副词的分类二、副词的分类特别提示特别提示 频度副词总是出现在实义动词之前频度副词总是出现在实义动词之前,连系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。但连系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。但 sometimes sometimes 有时也可置于句首或句末。有时也可置于句首或句末。My father My father usually walks usually walks home.home.我父亲通常步行回家。我

15、父亲通常步行回家。I Im alwaysm always busy during school days.busy during school days.上学时上学时,我总是很忙。我总是很忙。SometimesSometimes,computers also make mistakes.,computers also make mistakes.有时，电脑也会出错。有时，电脑也会出错。how often how often 常用于对频率进行提问常用于对频率进行提问;当仅对具体的次数提问时，用当仅对具体的次数提问时，用 how many times how many times。How ofte

16、nHow often does Tom wash his hair?does Tom wash his hair?汤姆多久洗一次头汤姆多久洗一次头?HowHow manymany timestimes does Tom wash his hair a weck?does Tom wash his hair a weck?汤姆一周洗几次头汤姆一周洗几次头?二、副词的分类二、副词的分类高频考点高频考点频度副词的用法是中考试题中考查的重点频度副词的用法是中考试题中考查的重点,侧重区别频度的大小。侧重区别频度的大小。Please be polite and_Please be polite and_

17、offer your seat to pcople who need it.offer your seat to pcople who need it.A.never B.seldom C.sometimes D.always A.never B.seldom C.sometimes D.always【答案】【答案】D D二、副词的分类二、副词的分类高频考点高频考点Uncle LiangUncle Liang _ _eats out because his wife always makes eats out because his wife always makes delicious fo

18、od for him.delicious food for him.A.seldom A.seldom B.sometimes B.sometimes C.often C.often【答案】【答案】A A二、副词的分类二、副词的分类6.6.句子副词句子副词用来对句子中陈述的观点进行评价的副词称为句子副词。句子副词用来能用来对句子中陈述的观点进行评价的副词称为句子副词。句子副词用来能句子句子,表示说话人的看法。表示说话人的看法。hopefullyhopefully充满希望地充满希望地,怀有希望地怀有希望地actuallyactually实际上实际上luckilyluckily幸运地幸运地hone

19、stlyhonestly诚实地说诚实地说,坦白地说坦白地说二、副词的分类二、副词的分类7.7.疑问副词疑问副词(词组词组)疑问副词副词词组主要用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问副词副词词组主要用来构成特殊疑问句。where where 在哪里在哪里 when when 什么时候什么时候 why why 为什么为什么 how often how often 多久一次多久一次how about how about 怎么怎么 how how 如何如何how oldhow old多大多大 how longhow long多长多长(时间或物体的长度时间或物体的长度)how farhow far多远多远二、副词的分

20、类二、副词的分类高频考点高频考点疑问副词疑问副词(词组词组)的用法在的用法在中中考中经常考考中经常考,解答此类题的关键是语境及答语。解答此类题的关键是语境及答语。-_ is it from your home to school?-_ is it from your home to school?-Its about 30 minutes walk.-Its about 30 minutes walk.A.How far A.How far B.How longB.How long C.How often C.How often【答案】【答案】A A二、副词的分类二、副词的分类高频考点高频考点

21、-_-_ does it take you to get to school by bike?does it take you to get to school by bike?-About fifteen minutes-About fifteen minutesA.How soonA.How soon B.How often B.How often C.How long C.How long D.How far D.How far【答案】【答案】C C二、副词的分类二、副词的分类8.8.关系副词关系副词关系副词主要用来引导定语从句。详见关系副词主要用来引导定语从句。详见“第十七章第十七章

22、定语从句定语从句”。where where 的地方的地方 when when 的时候的时候 why why的原因的原因 9.9.连接副词连接副词连接副词的意义和词形都和疑问副词一样连接副词的意义和词形都和疑问副词一样,但用来引导从句。详见但用来引导从句。详见“第十六章第十六章 宾宾语从句语从句”。10.10.其他副词其他副词yes yes 是是sure sure 当然当然,好的好的 really really 真正地真正地 either either 也也 no no 不不 certainly certainly 当然当然三、副词的句法功能三、副词的句法功能1.1.作状语作状语副词作状语可以修

23、饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。副词作状语可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。He works veryHe works very hard hard on his subjects.on his subjects.他努力研究自己的课题。他努力研究自己的课题。(修饰动词修饰动词).).Im Im veryvery busy these days.busy these days.这些天我很忙。这些天我很忙。(修饰形容词修饰形容词)She speaks English She speaks English veryvery beautifully.beautifully.她英语说得很好。她英语说

24、得很好。(修饰另一副词修饰另一副词)Luckily,she had got another chance.Luckily,she had got another chance.幸运的是幸运的是,她得到了另一个机会。她得到了另一个机会。(修饰整个句子修饰整个句子)三、副词的句法功能三、副词的句法功能2.2.作表语作表语副词作表语主要指主语的方位、方向、动作情况。副词作表语主要指主语的方位、方向、动作情况。Sorry,I have to be Sorry,I have to be offoff right now.right now.对不起对不起,我得马上走。我得马上走。When the meet

25、ing isWhen the meeting is over over,give me a phone call.,give me a phone call.会议结束时会议结束时,给我来个电话。给我来个电话。三、副词的句法功能三、副词的句法功能3.3.作作 定定 语语作定语的副词主要为表示时间或地点的副词作定语的副词主要为表示时间或地点的副词,这些副词作定语时应后置。这些副词作定语时应后置。Her speech Her speech yesterdayyesterday was a signal that her views have changed.was a signal that her

26、 views have changed.她昨天的讲话标志着她的观点已经转变。她昨天的讲话标志着她的观点已经转变。Put the biscuits on the shelf Put the biscuits on the shelf aboveabove.把饼干放到上面的架子上。把饼干放到上面的架子上。三、副词的句法功能三、副词的句法功能4.4.作补足语作补足语Did you see anybody Did you see anybody inin?你看到有人在里面吗你看到有人在里面吗?(?(宾语补足语宾语补足语)The boy was seen The boy was seen upstair

27、supstairs.有人看见这个男孩在楼上。有人看见这个男孩在楼上。(主语补足语主语补足语)四、副词的位置四、副词的位置 修饰形容词、其他副词时的位置修饰形容词、其他副词时的位置副词修饰形容词、其他副词时副词修饰形容词、其他副词时,一般位于被修饰词的前面。一般位于被修饰词的前面。He isHe is very very cool.cool.他很酷。他很酷。Happy days pass Happy days pass tootoo soon.soon.快乐的日子过得太快了。快乐的日子过得太快了。四、副词的位置四、副词的位置特别提示特别提示e enough nough 作作副词副词时时,总是置于

28、被修饰的形容词或副词之后总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后;作形容词时作形容词时,可置于名词可置于名词之前或之后之前或之后The book is The book is easy enougheasy enough for little kids.for little kids.这本书对小孩来说足够容易。这本书对小孩来说足够容易。We dont have We dont have enough time/time enoughenough time/time enough to prepare for the meeting.to prepare for the meeting.我们我们没有足够

29、的时间有备会。没有足够的时间有备会。五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级副词比较级和最高级的规则构成与形容词比较级和最高级的规则构成基本一样副词比较级和最高级的规则构成与形容词比较级和最高级的规则构成基本一样。关键是看不规则构成关键是看不规则构成五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级不规则构成不规则构成原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级well好地better更好地best最好地badly坏；严重地worse更坏；更严重地worst最坏；最严重地much很more更most最little少less更少least最少far远地；深远地farther（只指距离）更远farthest（只指距离）最远fu

30、rther（指距离）更远地；（常指程度）更深入furthest（指距离）最远；（常指程度）最深入五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级比较等级的用法比较等级的用法比较等级的用法及结构与形容词基本相同比较等级的用法及结构与形容词基本相同,只是相应的形容词级别变为副词。只是相应的形容词级别变为副词。1.1.原级比较原级比较（1 1）肯定句中用肯定句中用“as+as+副词原级副词原级+as+as”结构。结构。He runs He runs as fast asas fast as his brother.his brother.他和他哥哥跑得一样快。他和他哥哥跑得一样快。(2)(2)否定句中用否定句中

31、用“not as/so+not as/so+副词原级副词原级+as+as”结构。结构。She canShe cantt use the computer use the computer as/so well asas/so well as you.you.她计算机不如你操作得好。她计算机不如你操作得好。五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级 高频考点高频考点副词原级比较主要根据副词原级比较主要根据 as.as.as.as.结构判断结构判断,很多时候还会涉及副词与形容词的很多时候还会涉及副词与形容词的区别。区别。Sam didnt jump so _Sam didnt jump so _ as

32、Jim in yesterdays sports meeting._ as Jim in yesterdays sports meeting.A.high B.higher C.highly A.high B.higher C.highly【答案】【答案】A A 五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级 高频考点高频考点-Does Cathy run as_as Tina?-Does Cathy run as_as Tina?-Yes,she does.-Yes,she does.A.faster B.fastest C.fast D.the fastest A.faster B.fastest

33、C.fast D.the fastest【答案】【答案】C C五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级2.2.比较级比较级(1)(1)“比较级比较级+than”+than”表示一方超过或不如另一方。表示一方超过或不如另一方。She comes hereShe comes here less often than less often than before.before.与以前比与以前比,她不经常来这儿了。她不经常来这儿了。John drove much John drove much more carefully thanmore carefully than me.me.约翰开车比我小心得多。

34、约翰开车比我小心得多。五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级(2)“(2)“比较级比较级+and+and+比较级比较级”表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为意为“越来越越来越.”.”She plays the pianoShe plays the piano more and more beautifully more and more beautifully.她钢琴弹得越来越好了。她钢琴弹得越来越好了。(3)“the+(3)“the+比较级比较级.,the+.,the+比较级比较级.”.”表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度的。表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度的。而变化而变化,意

35、为意为“越越,(,(就就)越越”。The harderThe harder you work,you work,the betterthe better youll learn.youll learn.你越努力你越努力,学得就越好学得就越好。TheThe soonersooner you go,you go,the soonerthe sooner you will be back.you will be back.你走得越早你走得越早,就回来得越就回来得越早。早。五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级高频考点高频考点副词比较级的用法有多种副词比较级的用法有多种,解题时要注意提示词解题时要注意提

36、示词,另外语境和固定结构等也都可以另外语境和固定结构等也都可以帮助解题。帮助解题。The more _ you drive,the_ you are.The more _ you drive,the_ you are.A.careful;saferA.careful;safer B.carefully;safer B.carefully;saferC.carefully;safely C.carefully;safely D.careful:safely D.careful:safely【答案】【答案】B B五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级高频考点高频考点Tony is the best

37、student in the class because he worksTony is the best student in the class because he works_ than the than the others.others.A.hard A.hard B.harder C.hardest B.harder C.hardest【答案】【答案】B B五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级3.3.最高级最高级最高级主要用最高级主要用“the+“the+副词最高级副词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句表示范围的短语或从句”结构表示。副词的最高结构表示。副词的最高级前的定冠词可以省略。

38、级前的定冠词可以省略。He talksHe talks(the)least(the)least and does and does(the)most(the)most in his class.in his class.他在班上说得最少干得最多。他在班上说得最少干得最多。Jack jumpsJack jumps(the)highest(the)highest but runs but runs(the)most slowly(the)most slowly of the three boys.of the three boys.杰克在这三个男孩中跳得最高杰克在这三个男孩中跳得最高,但跑得最慢。

39、但跑得最慢。Of all the subjects,I like English Of all the subjects,I like English(the)best(the)best,在所有的课程中在所有的课程中,我最喜我最喜欢英语。欢英语。五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级高频考点高频考点副词最高级的用法也是中考的常考内容副词最高级的用法也是中考的常考内容,做出判断时要认真观察比较范围。做出判断时要认真观察比较范围。Sam runs Sam runs _ of all the boys in his class.of all the boys in his class.A.fast B

40、.faster C.fastest A.fast B.faster C.fastest【答案】【答案】C C五、副词的比较等级五、副词的比较等级高频考点高频考点Tony always works hard.Of all the students,he didTony always works hard.Of all the students,he did_in this exam.in this exam.A.good A.good B.wellB.well C.better D.best C.better D.best【答案】【答案】D D六、常见副词的用法六、常见副词的用法alreadya

41、lready、yet yet 和和 still still1.1.作作“已经已经”讲讲,already,already 用于肯定句用于肯定句,yet,yet 用于疑问句用于疑问句WeveWeve already already met before.met before.我们以前已经见过面了。我们以前已经见过面了。Have you been to Paris Have you been to Paris yetyet?你去过巴黎吗你去过巴黎吗?2.already 2.already 常用于疑问句中表示惊讶之意常用于疑问句中表示惊讶之意 Have you been to Paris Have y

42、ou been to Paris alreadyalready?你去过巴黎你去过巴黎?3.3.作作“依然依然,还还”讲讲,yet,yet 用于否定句用于否定句,still,still 主要用于肯定句和疑问句主要用于肯定句和疑问句 The rain hasnt stopped The rain hasnt stopped yetyet.雨还没停。雨还没停。It is It is still still raining now.raining now.雨现在还在下。雨现在还在下。六、常见副词的用法六、常见副词的用法高频考点高频考点alreadyalready和和 yet yet 的用法辨析在中考中

43、经常出现。的用法辨析在中考中经常出现。-Have you seen the hot film Have you seen the hot film Wandering EarthWandering Earth_ _?_?-Yes-Yes，I I have._ wonderful science fiction movie it is!have._ wonderful science fiction movie it is!A.yet;How aA.yet;How a B.already;How B.already;How C.yet;What a C.yet;What a D.already;

44、What D.already;What What What 形容词可数名词复数主语谓语形容词可数名词复数主语谓语How How 形容词形容词/副词主语谓语副词主语谓语虽看上去都是接形容词，但虽看上去都是接形容词，但HowHow接形容词，而接形容词，而WhatWhat是接名词短语是接名词短语 【答案】【答案】C C 六、常见副词的用法六、常见副词的用法hard hard 和和 hardly hardlyhard hard 意为意为“努力地努力地;猛烈地猛烈地(雨、雪等雨、雪等)”;hardly)”;hardly 意为意为“几乎不几乎不”,”,含有否定意义含有否定意义He worksHe work

45、s hard hard.他努力工作。他努力工作。It was rainingIt was raining hard hard.雨下得很大。雨下得很大。He He hardlyhardly listened to me.listened to me.他几乎没听我说。他几乎没听我说。六、常见副词的用法六、常见副词的用法sometimessometimes、sometime sometime、some times some times 和和 some time some timesometimes“sometimes“有时有时”;sometime“”;sometime“某时某时”,”,表示过去或将来

46、的某个时候表示过去或将来的某个时候;some times“some times“次次;几倍几倍”,”,表示次数、倍数表示次数、倍数;some time“;some time“一些时间一些时间”,”,表示一段时间表示一段时间Sometimes Sometimes I stay late in the library after class.I stay late in the library after class.我课后有时在图书馆待我课后有时在图书馆待到很晚。到很晚。Kate will be back Kate will be back sometimesometime in Februar

47、y.in February.凯特将在二月某个时候回来。凯特将在二月某个时候回来。Our school is Our school is some times some times larger than theirs.larger than theirs.我们学校比他们学校大几倍。我们学校比他们学校大几倍。I will stay here for I will stay here for some timesome time.我会在这里待些时候。我会在这里待些时候。六、常见副词的用法六、常见副词的用法 too much too much 和和 much too much tootoo much

48、“too much“太多太多”,”,修饰不可数名词或动词修饰不可数名词或动词;much too“;much too“太太,非常非常”,”,修饰形容词或修饰形容词或副副词。这两个短语中词。这两个短语中,前词为修饰语前词为修饰语,后词为中心词后词为中心词,去掉修饰语去掉修饰语,区别就一目了然区别就一目了然了。了。There has been There has been too muchtoo much rain lately.rain lately.最近雨水很多。最近雨水很多。Eating Eating too much too much is bad for your health.is ba

49、d for your health.吃得太多不利于你的健康。吃得太多不利于你的健康。Its Its much toomuch too cold.cold.太冷了。太冷了。You walked You walked much too much too far yesterday.far yesterday.昨天你走得太远了。昨天你走得太远了。六、常见副词的用法六、常见副词的用法高频考点高频考点too much too much 和和 much too much too 的用法辨析是常考重点。的用法辨析是常考重点。.My cousin is _ heavy because he often eat

50、s fast food.My cousin is _ heavy because he often eats fast food.A.too much;too many B.too many:too much A.too much;too many B.too many:too much C.much too:too much D.too much;much too C.much too:too much D.too much;much too【答案】【答案】C C七、真题再现七、真题再现1.He cant refuse you if you ask_.1.He cant refuse you