2022年中考英语语法复习ppt课件之名词（知识点汇总及配套练习）.pptx

1、名词（名词（NounsNouns）名词概述名词概述名词分类名词分类可数与不可数可数与不可数名词所有格名词所有格名词功能名词功能名词概述名词概述 What are nounsWhat are nouns？Nouns are words that name people,animals,places,things,or Nouns are words that name people,animals,places,things,or ideas.ideas.名词是表示人，动物，地点，物品，以及抽象概念的名称的词，是实词。名词是表示人，动物，地点，物品，以及抽象概念的名称的词，是实词。例如：例如：f

2、atherfather，tigertiger，Beijing,bag,knowlege.Beijing,bag,knowlege.01找找看以下哪些找找看以下哪些是名词是名词?名词分分类名词分分类名词名词专有名词专有名词普通名词普通名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词物质名词物质名词抽象名词抽象名词02专有名词专有名词1.1.专有名词中实词的第一个字母要专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写大写，如，如China,Peter,China,Peter,Beijing,the Peoples Republic of China Beijing,the Peoples

3、Republic of China。2.2.专有名词和普通名词搭配构成的短语，前面必须加专有名词和普通名词搭配构成的短语，前面必须加thethe。如：如：the Great Wall the Great Wall。注意：注意：专有名词是个别的人，地，物，团体，结构等的专用名称。专有名词是个别的人，地，物，团体，结构等的专用名称。普通名词普通名词普通名词是许多人或事物共有的名称，如普通名词是许多人或事物共有的名称，如girl,student,pengirl,student,pen。普通名词可分为：普通名词可分为：个体名词：表示某类人或东西的个体，如：个体名词：表示某类人或东西的个体，如：book

4、,flower,applebook,flower,apple。集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family,class,policemanfamily,class,policeman。物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：food,water,airfood,water,air。抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念，如：抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念，如：power,idea,workpower,idea,work。其中，个体名词和集体名词是其中，个体名词和集体名词是可数名词

5、可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词不可数名词。可数名词可数名词可以用数词来计数的名词，有如下特征：可以用数词来计数的名词，有如下特征：1.1.前面加基数词表示具体的数量，如前面加基数词表示具体的数量，如:a book,three students:a book,three students。2.2.前面加前面加 some,several,many,a lot of,lots of,a number of,a few,few some,several,many,a lot of,lots of,a number of,a few,few 等词表示模糊的数量如：等词表示

6、模糊的数量如：some apples,many boys,a lot of friendssome apples,many boys,a lot of friends。3.3.数量大于数量大于1 1，名词要变成复数形式，如：，名词要变成复数形式，如：a book-two booka book-two books s。可数名词与不可数名词可数名词与不可数名词03可数名词单可数名词单数的表达数的表达在可数名词前加在可数名词前加 a a，anan，oneone 即可表示单数，即可表示单数，a a用于用于辅音辅音读音开头读音开头的单词前，的单词前，anan用于用于元音元音读音开头的单词前。读音开头的单

7、词前。如：如：a booka book an English book an English book an hour an hourThere was _(a/an)old man in this village.There was _(a/an)old man in this village.Lilys parents want her to go to _(a/an)famous Lilys parents want her to go to _(a/an)famous university.university.可数名词单数可数名词单数变复数的变化变复数的变化规则规则1.1.一般情况下

8、，词尾加一般情况下，词尾加-s-s；banana_banana_，flowers_flowers_，hand_hand_2.2.以以s s，x x，shsh，ch ch 结尾的名词加结尾的名词加-es-es；class_class_，box_box_，dish_dish_，peach_peach_3.3.以以o o 结尾的名词结尾的名词,tomatotomato，potatopotato，herohero，Negro,mangoNegro,mango加加-es,-es,其余加其余加-s-s，如如:photos:photos，zooszoos，kangarooskangaroos。4.4.以辅音

9、字母加以辅音字母加y y结尾的名词，变结尾的名词，变y y为为i i 再加再加-es-es；story_story_，city_city_，family_family_5.5.以以f f或或fe fe 结尾的名词，变结尾的名词，变f f或或fefe为为v v再加再加-es-es。（。（belief belief 和和 roof roof 直接加直接加-s-s）leaf_leaf_，wife_wife_，knife_knife_巧计以巧计以f f、fe fe 结尾的单词结尾的单词树叶树叶 (leaf)(leaf)半数半数 (half)(half)自己自己 (self)(self)黄，黄，妻子妻子

10、 (wife)(wife)拿刀拿刀 (knife)(knife)去割狼去割狼 (wolf)(wolf)。架架 (shelf)(shelf)后窜出一只狼后窜出一只狼 (wolf)(wolf)，就像盗贼就像盗贼 (thief)(thief)逃命逃命 (life)(life)亡。亡。可数名词的可数名词的不规则变化不规则变化1.1.单复同形的名词单复同形的名词中国人中国人（ChineseChinese）日本人日本人 (Japanese)(Japanese)都喜欢绵羊都喜欢绵羊 (sheep(sheep)，鱼，鱼 (fish)(fish)和鹿和鹿(deer)(deer)；中日不变英中日不变英(Engli

11、shman-Englishm(Englishman-Englishme en)n)法法(Frenchman-(Frenchman-FrenchmenFrenchmen)变，其余变，其余s s加后边加后边(German-German(German-Germans s)。2.2.不规则变化不规则变化foot-ffoot-feeeet,tooth-tt,tooth-teeeeth,goose-gth,goose-geeeeseseman-mman-me en,woman-womn,woman-wome en nchild-children,mouse-mice child-children,mous

12、e-mice 不可数名词不可数名词不可以用数词来计数的名词，有如下特征：不可以用数词来计数的名词，有如下特征：1.1.前面不能直接加基数词表示具体数量，且前面不能直接加基数词表示具体数量，且后面不能加后面不能加s s。2.2.前面加前面加 some,much,a lot of,lots of,a little,little some,much,a lot of,lots of,a little,little 等词表示模糊的数量等词表示模糊的数量,如：如：some water,much money,a little milksome water,much money,a little milk。

13、3.3.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：There There isis some some coffeecoffee in the glass.in the glass.4.4.若表示具体数量，需用若表示具体数量，需用数词数词+量词量词+of+of+名词名词的形式，如：的形式，如：a cup of tea,three glasses of a cup of tea,three glasses of milkmilk。可数名词与不可数名词可数名词与不可数名词03不可数名词数不可数名词数量表示方法量表示方法如果要表达出不可数名词具体的数量，可以通过如果要表达出不可数名

14、词具体的数量，可以通过“计量词计量词+of+of+不可数名词不可数名词”来表示。若想表达量的复数概念，只需把计量词变为复数形式即可。如：来表示。若想表达量的复数概念，只需把计量词变为复数形式即可。如：a piece of paper a piece of paper 一张纸一张纸 ten pieces of paper ten pieces of paper 十张纸十张纸 a cup of coffee a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡一杯咖啡 _ 两杯咖啡两杯咖啡a piece of news a piece of news 一条消息一条消息 _ _ 两条消息两条消息 a drop

15、of ink a drop of ink 一滴墨水一滴墨水 _ _ 三滴墨水三滴墨水SHOW TIME1 1.There There _on the wall.They are very beautiful.on the wall.They are very beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos A.are photoes B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos 2.This car 2.This car _made in Shanghai.made in Shanghai

16、.A.is B.are C.were D.has A.is B.are C.were D.has 3.There are four3.There are four_and two and two _in the group.in the group.A.Japanese,Germen BA.Japanese,Germen B.Japaneses,Germen Japaneses,Germen C.Japanese,German C.Japanese,German D D.Japanese,Germans.Japanese,Germans 4.That4.That s s _art book.a

17、rt book.A.an B.a C.the DA.an B.a C.the D.are are 5.The boys have got 5.The boys have got _ _ already.already.A.two bread B.two breads C.two pieces of bread D.two A.two bread B.two breads C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of breadpiece of bread6.6.There There _some some _in the river.in the river.A.i

18、s,fish B.are,fishs C.is,fishs D.are,fish A.is,fish B.are,fishs C.is,fishs D.are,fish SHOW TIME用所给名词的适当形式填空：用所给名词的适当形式填空：1.How many_(sheep)are there on the hill?1.How many_(sheep)are there on the hill?2.There is some_(food)in the basket.2.There is some_(food)in the basket.3.The baby has only two_(too

19、th)now.3.The baby has only two_(tooth)now.4.There is a lot of_(water)in the bottle.4.There is a lot of_(water)in the bottle.5.There are five_(people)in his family.5.There are five_(people)in his family.6.Lets take_(photo),OK?6.Lets take_(photo),OK?7.I have lots of_(tomato)here.7.I have lots of_(toma

20、to)here.8.The_(leaf)on the tree turn-yellow.8.The_(leaf)on the tree turn-yellow.9.The_(child)are playing games on the playground now.9.The_(child)are playing games on the playground now.10.Their_(dictionary)look new.10.Their_(dictionary)look new.Answers:Answers:选择题：选择题：1.B1.B2.A2.A3.D3.D4.A4.A5.C5.C

21、6.A6.A填空题：填空题：1.sheep 1.sheep 6.photos6.photos2.food 7.tomatoes2.food 7.tomatoes3.teeth 8.leaves3.teeth 8.leaves4.water 9.children4.water 9.children5.people 10.5.people 10.dictionariesdictionaries 复合名词的复合名词的单复数判定单复数判定1.1.以不可数名词结尾的复合名词不可数，如：以不可数名词结尾的复合名词不可数，如：homework,newspaperhomework,newspaper2.2.以

22、两个名词构成的复合名词，后面的名词变为复数，以两个名词构成的复合名词，后面的名词变为复数，如：如：boy student-boy studentboy student-boy students s,lemon tree-lemon tree,lemon tree-lemon trees s3.man/woman+3.man/woman+名词构成的复合名词，两个都要变复数，名词构成的复合名词，两个都要变复数，如：如：man doctor-mman doctor-me en doctorn doctors s,woman teacher-wom,woman teacher-wome en teac

23、hern teachers sSHOW TIME1.There are about thirty_doctors in 1.There are about thirty_doctors in the hospital.the hospital.A.woman B.women C.womansA.woman B.women C.womans2.They are _.2.They are _.A.man teachers B.men teachers A.man teachers B.men teachers C.men teacher D.man teacherC.men teacher D.m

24、an teacher3.There are some _in these _.3.There are some _in these _.A.knifes;pencil boxes B.knives;pencils A.knifes;pencil boxes B.knives;pencils boxboxC.C.knives;pencils boxes D.knives;pencil knives;pencils boxes D.knives;pencil boxesboxes4.-Whats your favourite food?4.-Whats your favourite food?-I

25、 like _best.-I like _best.A.potato noodle B.A.potato noodle B.potatos noodle potatos noodle C.C.potato noodles D.potatos noodles potato noodles D.potatos noodles Answers:Answers:1.B1.B2.B2.B3.D3.D4.C4.C集体名词的集体名词的单复数判定单复数判定集体名词既可表示单数的含义也可表示复数的含义。常见的集体名词有集体名词既可表示单数的含义也可表示复数的含义。常见的集体名词有family,family,cl

26、ass,people,police,team,public,audienceclass,people,police,team,public,audience。1.1.表示一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。表示一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。I have I have a a happy family.happy family.我有一个快乐的家庭。我有一个快乐的家庭。2.2.表示集体中具体的人或事物时，谓语动词用复数。表示集体中具体的人或事物时，谓语动词用复数。My family My family areare all waiting for her.all waiting for her.我的家人们都

27、在等她。我的家人们都在等她。SHOW TIME1.My class_on third floor.My class 1.My class_on third floor.My class _reading English now._reading English now.A.is;is B.are;are C.is;A.is;is B.are;are C.is;areare 2.His audience _(consist)mainly of 2.His audience _(consist)mainly of young people.young people.3.The audience _

28、(be)clapping for over ten 3.The audience _(be)clapping for over ten minutes.minutes.Answers:Answers:1.C1.C2.consists2.consists3.were3.were复数形式名复数形式名词的单复数词的单复数经常以复数形式出现的名词，如：经常以复数形式出现的名词，如：trousers,socks,gloves,shoes,glasses,trousers,socks,gloves,shoes,glasses,clothes,shorts,chopsticks clothes,shorts

29、,chopsticks 等，不能用具体的数字修饰，要借助数量词等，不能用具体的数字修饰，要借助数量词pair(pair(双双)，suit(suit(套套)等词来表示。等词来表示。eg:a pair of shoes eg:a pair of shoes 一双鞋一双鞋 two pairs of shoes two pairs of shoes 两双鞋两双鞋注意：注意：1.1.以上结构中的数量词若为单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。以上结构中的数量词若为单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。2.2.若不用数量词而用其他限定词来修饰，谓语动词要根据主语若不用数量词而用其他限定词来修饰，谓语动词要根据主语的单复数

30、来变化。的单复数来变化。eg:This pair of socks eg:This pair of socks isis very cheap.very cheap.Those chopsticks Those chopsticks areare easily broken off.easily broken off.名词所有格用来表示名词之间的所有关系，一般名词所有格用来表示名词之间的所有关系，一般用用ss和和ofof来表示，经常翻译为来表示，经常翻译为“.“.的的”。例如：我爸爸的朋友，汤姆的书包例如：我爸爸的朋友，汤姆的书包名词所有格名词所有格04 s s 所有格所有格多用来表示有生命的

31、名词。多用来表示有生命的名词。用法用法1.1.一般情况下，直接在名词后加一般情况下，直接在名词后加“s s”，如：男孩的书，如：男孩的书_2.2.以以s s结尾的复数名词直接加结尾的复数名词直接加“”，如：老师们的办公室，如：老师们的办公室_3.3.不以不以s s结尾的复数名词仍加结尾的复数名词仍加“s s”，如：儿童节，如：儿童节_4.4.表示几个人共同拥有的一个人或物，在最后一人后面加表示几个人共同拥有的一个人或物，在最后一人后面加“ss”；表示几个人各自拥有则每个人后面都加表示几个人各自拥有则每个人后面都加“s s”，且后面名词为复数。，且后面名词为复数。如：莉莉和露西的房间（共有）如：

32、莉莉和露西的房间（共有）_ 莉莉和露西的房间（各自）莉莉和露西的房间（各自）_注意！在表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的名词时也在表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的名词时也可以用可以用“s s”或或“”来构成所有格。来构成所有格。如：今天的报纸如：今天的报纸 Todays newspaperTodays newspaper 5 5分钟的路程分钟的路程 five minutes walkfive minutes walk 英国的海岸英国的海岸 Englands shoreEnglands shoreof of 所有格所有格多用来表示无生命的名词。多用来表示无生命的名词。构成：构成：名词名词

33、+of+of+名词名词 （主前从后）（主前从后）如：教室的窗户如：教室的窗户_ 书的名字书的名字_1.1.of+of+名词所有格名词所有格 中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物，且必须是特指。，且必须是特指。如：如：a friend of my wifes(a friend of my wifes(我妻子的一个朋友我妻子的一个朋友)，a novel of the writers(a novel of the writers(那位那位作者的一部小说作者的一部小说)2.of2.of短语修饰的名词前常有短语修饰的名词前常有a(an),one,somea(an),one,s

34、ome等限定词。等限定词。如：如：some friends of my sisters some friends of my sisters 我妹妹的一些朋友我妹妹的一些朋友 双重所有格双重所有格指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同ofof构成的所有格，即构成的所有格，即of+of+名词所有格名词所有格。1.This is _.1.This is _.A.Toms the bag B.Toms bag C.the bag of TomA.Toms the bag B.Toms bag C.the bag of Tom2.Can you show me _ rooms?2

35、.Can you show me _ rooms?A.the students B.the studentss C.the studentsA.the students B.the studentss C.the students3.John and Jane are twins.And Wendy is _.3.John and Jane are twins.And Wendy is _.A.John and Janes mother B.Johns and Janes mother A.John and Janes mother B.Johns and Janes mother C.Joh

36、ns and Janes mothersC.Johns and Janes mothers4.Toms mother doesnt know Kates mother._ have never met each other.4.Toms mother doesnt know Kates mother._ have never met each other.A.Tom and Kates mother B.Toms and Kates mother A.Tom and Kates mother B.Toms and Kates mother C.Toms and Kates mothersC.T

37、oms and Kates mothers5.Teddy is _.5.Teddy is _.A.a student of my sister B.a student of my sisters C.my sisters A.a student of my sister B.a student of my sisters C.my sisters studentsstudentsAnswers:Answers:1.B1.B2.B2.B3.A3.A4.C4.C5.B5.B1.1.The The book book is very interestingis very interesting2.T

38、he boy broke his 2.The boy broke his leg leg last week.last week.3.We cansider him a good 3.We cansider him a good teacherteacher.4.The 4.The winterwinter vacation is coming.vacation is coming.5.He,a famous 5.He,a famous writerwriter,is easy to get,is easy to get along with.along with.6.My brother i

39、s a 6.My brother is a workerworker.7.The meeting lasted two 7.The meeting lasted two hourshours.名词的功能名词的功能名词在句中可以作主语，宾语，表语，定语，宾语补足语，状语，同位语等成分。名词在句中可以作主语，宾语，表语，定语，宾语补足语，状语，同位语等成分。划线的名词在句中划线的名词在句中是什么成分呢？是什么成分呢？05 1.1.主语主语 2.2.宾语宾语 3.3.宾语补宾语补足语足语 4.4.定语定语 5.5.同位语同位语 6.6.表语表语 7.7.状语状语Answers:Answers:总结总

40、结名词功能名词功能名词分类名词分类可数名词与可数名词与不可数名词不可数名词名词所有格名词所有格名词概述名词概述1.1.There are two_ over there.(watch)There are two_ over there.(watch)2.I like taking _.(photo)2.I like taking _.(photo)3.l can see a _and two _ standing there.(man,woman)3.l can see a _and two _ standing there.(man,woman)4.There are two baskets

41、 of_ on the floor.(apple)4.There are two baskets of_ on the floor.(apple)5.Look at those_.(child)5.Look at those_.(child)6.He doesnt like these_.(glass)6.He doesnt like these_.(glass)7.How many _can you see?(radio)7.How many _can you see?(radio)8.There are more and more _ drivers in Shanghai now.(wo

42、man)8.There are more and more _ drivers in Shanghai now.(woman)Answers:Answers:1.watches 5.1.watches 5.childrenchildren2.photos 2.photos 6.glasses6.glasses3.man;women 7.radios3.man;women 7.radios4.apples 4.apples 8.women8.women1 1Mr Gao is a teacher.He works in a new _.Mr Gao is a teacher.He works i

43、n a new _.A Ashop Bshop Bschool Cschool Cfactory Dfactory Dhospitalhospital2 2If you want to know the meaning of a word,you can look it up in a _.If you want to know the meaning of a word,you can look it up in a _.A Adiary diary B Bdictionary Cdictionary Cnewspaper Dnewspaper Ddiagramdiagram3 3Mr Sh

44、ute is a friend of _.Mr Shute is a friend of _.A AJohns uncle Johns uncle B BJohn uncles CJohn uncles CJohns unclesJohns unclesD DJohn uncleJohn uncle4 4-Would you like _ tea?-Would you like _ tea?-No,thanks.I have drunk two _.-No,thanks.I have drunk two _.A Aany;bottles of orangeany;bottles of oran

45、ge B Bsome;bottles of orangesome;bottles of orangeC Cmany;bottles of orangesmany;bottles of orangesD Dfew;bottle of orangesfew;bottle of oranges5 5Uncle Wang bought two _ yesterday.Uncle Wang bought two _ yesterday.A AwatchswatchsB BwatcheswatchesC CwatchwatchD Dwatchsswatchss6 6There are a lot of _

46、 down there but hardly any _.There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _.A Asheeps;peoplesheeps;peopleB Bsheep;peoplesheep;peopleC Csheeps;peoplessheeps;peoplesD Dsheep;peoplessheep;peoples7 7Have you read _?Have you read _?A Atodays todays paperspapersB Btoday papertoday paperC Cthe todays pap

47、erthe todays paperD Dtodays papertodays paper8 8In _ time,those mountains will be covered with trees,too.In _ time,those mountains will be covered with trees,too.A Afew yearsfew yearsB Ba few years a few years C Ca few yeara few yearD Da few yearsa few years9.9.There are lots of _ in the basket on t

48、he table.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table.A AtomatostomatosB BtomatotomatoC CtomatosstomatossD Dtomatoestomatoes10.10.Whose _ are these?Whose _ are these?A A.photophotoB B.photoesphotoesC C.photosphotosD D.photossphotoss11.11.The cat caught two _ last night.The cat caught two _ last ni

49、ght.A A.mousesmousesB B.micemiceC C.mousemouseD D.micesmices12.12.There are six _ and fifteen _ in this workshop.There are six _ and fifteen _ in this workshop.A Amans;womansmans;womansB Bmen;womenmen;womenC Cmen;womansmen;womansD Dmans;womenmans;women Answers:Answers:1.B 1.B 7.D7.D2.B 2.B 8.B8.B3.C 3.C 9.D 9.D 4.B 4.B 10.C 10.C 5.D 5.D 11.B11.B6.B 6.B 12.B12.B