2022年中考英语复习-名词ppt课件.pptx

1、2023-2-201一轮复习：词法-名词1、了解什么是“名词”及名词的分类 2、掌握可数名词变复数的规则及不规则变化 3、了解什么是不可数名词及复数变化方式 4、掌握名词所有格5、掌握名词在句子中的成份中考考查形式：选择题及词语运用。名词nouns（n.）：概念：是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写对于一些无法分割的名词，将其看作一个整体。一些因其组成太多而不易数的名词。草_头发_大米_盐_grassgrasshairhairricericesaltsalt表示总称的概念（不可数）表示总称概念下的具体事物（常可数）ClothingClothing衣服毛衣_长裤_

2、FurnitureFurniture家具 椅子_ 桌子_ _ _ 床_FruitFruit水果苹果_香蕉_ 草莓_sweatersweaters strousertrousers schairchairs stabletables sbedbeds sappleapples sbananabananas sstrawberrstrawberriesies抽象的名词。表示学科名称的名词。艺术_健康_帮助_爱_化学_ 历史_数学_artarthealthhealthhelphelplovelovechemistrychemistryhistoryhistorymathmath可数名词单数的表达一般

3、可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前 *a book *an English book *an hour *a useful bookpeople人们 police警察 family家庭 class班级 team团队 government政府staff全体职员 group组 exercise 锻炼；information 信息；news 新闻；houswork 家务；waste废物；population人口；space 空间；advice 建议；集体名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数，具体视具体情况而定。如果是作为一个整体看待则用单数，如果强

4、调组成集体的成员则用复数。Jim 吉姆吉姆 water 水水information 信息信息housework 家务家务leaf 树叶树叶house 房子房子watch 手表手表rain 雨水雨水China 中国中国 beef 牛肉牛肉 wind 风风English 英语英语 Friday 星期五星期五 paper 纸纸chocolate 巧克力巧克力Mr.Smith 史密斯先生史密斯先生;hair 头发头发tomato 番茄番茄advice 建议建议coke 可乐可乐jam 果酱果酱snow 雪雪brother 兄弟兄弟coat外套外套July 七月七月 honey 蜂蜜蜂蜜exercise

5、 锻炼锻炼 the Yellow River 黄河黄河rice 米饭米饭 watch 手表手表名词或名词词组在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语（即除“谓语”以外的句子成分）。The money（主语）in itself meant nothing to him.金钱本身对他毫无意义。Keep the medicine（宾语）out of the childrens reach（介词宾语）.把药放在小孩够不到的地方。She is a famous doctor.（表语）她是个名医。My brother is a middle school（定语）student.我的弟弟是个中学生

6、。Wait a minute（状语）please.请稍候。ChangSha,the capital（同位语）of Hunan province is in the middle of China.湖南省省会长沙在华中。She named him Tom(宾语补足语)他给他取名叫汤姆。名词作定语时的三个注意点1.名词作定语时,一般用单数形式。例如:many banana trees很多香蕉树two history teachers两位历史老师2.man,woman用于名词前作定语时,其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。例如:a woman drivertwo women driversa

7、 man doctorthree men doctorsfloweflower rflowerflowers s找规律,总结规则watchwatch esesfactory-factory-factorifactoriesesleaf-lealeaf-leavesvesboxbox eses名词的复数形式 1.可数名词规则变化(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog dogs *book books (2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box boxes *watch watches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country c

8、ountries *factory factories 请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy boys holiday-holidays monkey monkeys (4)以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es”/vz/*half halves *shelf shelves *knife knives *leaf leaves 树叶半数自己树叶半数自己黄黄 妻子妻子拿拿刀刀去杀去杀狼狼 架架后后小偷小偷逃逃命命忙忙tomatotomatoesespotatopotatoesesheroheroesespianopianos s(5)以o结尾的名词,无生命的

9、+s,读作/z/.有生命的加es *piano pianos *zoo zoos potato potatoes tomato tomatoesfoot-child-tooth-mouse-名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化(1)man-woman-男女孩子的脚踩男女孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙住老鼠的牙feetteethchildrenmicemenwomena sheeptwo sheepa Chinesetwo Chinesea Japaneseseveral Japanese名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化(2):(2):单复数同形单复数同形some deer two fish中

10、日鱼鹿羊中日鱼鹿羊口口诀诀常以复数形式出现的名词comearelike复数复数2.可数名词不规则变化(1)单复数同形*Chinese Chinese fish fish Japanese Japanese sheepsheep(2)变元音字母oo为ee*tooth teeth foot feet (3).变man为 men man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 请区别：German(德国人)Germans (“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)(4).常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes sho

11、es trousers glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*My clothes are newer than yours.1.Several _ are talking under the tree1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd And they are talking about_.they are talking about_.A Awoman;children woman;children B Bwoman;child woman;child C Cwomen;childrenwomen;children2.The

12、re are three 2.There are three in my family.in my family.A.peoples B.person C.children A.peoples B.person C.children3.Some _ came to our school for a visit that 3.Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.day.A.Germans B.Germen A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies C.Germany D.Germanies 4.In

13、 the picture there are many_ and 4.In the picture there are many_ and two_.two_.A.sheeps;knifes B.sheeps;knife A.sheeps;knifes B.sheeps;knife C.sheep;knives C.sheep;knives D.sheep;knife D.sheep;knife 5.There are four_and two_in the group.5.There are four_and two_in the group.A.Japanese A.Japanese，Ge

14、rmen Germen B.Japaneses B.Japaneses，GermenGermen C.Japanese C.Japanese，German German D.Japanese D.Japanese，GermansGermansCACCDideaswatchesbabiesboysknivesleavesphotostomatoes3.不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water，rice，fish，meat，work chalk time space music等。用法1 单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数 *Some bread is over there.

15、*No news is good news.用法2 不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,lots of,some,any等修饰 *They had much money.*He does little housework at home.*a rice(X)two bread(X)3.不可数名词 用法3 可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变 *a bag of apples *a piece of paper *three glasse

16、s of orange用法4 有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)work(工作)a work(著作)time(时间)times(次数)1.Please give me _ paper.1.Please give me _ paper.A.one B.a pieces A.one B.a pieces C.a pieceC.a pieceD.a D.a piece ofpiece of2.This table is made of_.2.This table is made of_.A.many glass B.som

17、e glasses C.glasses D.glass A.many glass B.some glasses C.glasses D.glass3.What can I do for you,sir?3.What can I do for you,sir?Id like two_.Id like two_.A.bottle of milk B.bottles of A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milksmilks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks C.bottles of milk D.bottle of milks4.W

18、e can do the work better with_money and 4.We can do the work better with_money and _ people._ people.A.less,fewer B.fewer,less A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few,few C.little,little D.few,few DDCA3.名词前的修饰语修饰可数名词 a,an,one,two以及 how many，many，a few，few修饰不可数名词how much,much,a little,little,

19、既可修饰可数，也可修饰不可数some,any,lots of,a lot of 等名词所有格：表示名词间的所有关系“的”一.名词所有格的构成方法 1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“s”Xiaomings father Lucys book 2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“”即可 Teachers office The Greens house 3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“s”*Children s Day *men s shoes 4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语 *the color of the wall *a picture of the

20、classroom1.June 1st is _Day.All the Children enjoy 1.June 1st is _Day.All the Children enjoy it very much.it very much.A.Children B.Childrens A.Children B.Childrens C.Childrens D.Child C.Childrens D.Child2.The two bedroom are the _.2.The two bedroom are the _.A.twins B.twins C.twins D.twins A.twins

21、B.twins C.twins D.twinsCC 重难点突破讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因Our hospital needs two_doctors,Mrs.Li.Our hospital needs two_doctors,Mrs.Li.You can ask your son to have a try.You can ask your son to have a try.A.women B.man A.women B.man C.woman D.men C.woman D.menD1.1.名词修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 *There are three banana trees ov

22、er there.2.2.man woman用做定语时,单复数应与后面的名词保持数的一致 *We need a man teacher.*They are all women workers.3.3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式 *a sports star *a clothes shop1.Do you know the two_ (girl student)?2.Do you know the two_(woman teacher)?3.I want to buy a pair of _(运动鞋运动鞋).girl students women teachers spo

23、rts shoes2.This pair of shorts_too expensive.I 2.This pair of shorts_too expensive.I cant cant afford_.afford_.A.A.are,them B.are,itare,them B.are,itC.is,them D.is,C.is,them D.is,ititC 重难点突破当出现“单位+of+名词”时，谓语动词应根据“单位”的单复数决定。This pair of shoes is nice.比较：The shoes are nice.Here are two pieces of news.

24、比较：The news is wonderful.3.The model plane was made by a _ boy.3.The model plane was made by a _ boy.A.ten-years-old B.ten-year-A.ten-years-old B.ten-year-olderolder C.ten-year-old D.ten-year C.ten-year-old D.ten-year oldoldC 重难点突破 当数词与单位名词一起构成合成形容词做定语时，单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。*He is a fourteen-ye

25、ar-old boy.*This is a two-hour plan.4.The police_on the street when 4.The police_on the street when accident happened.accident happened.A.is B.are C.was D.A.is B.are C.was D.werewereD 重难点突破 名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。*Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。5.Where is

26、 Tom?5.Where is Tom?-He has gone to the _.-He has gone to the _.A.teacher B.A.teacher B.teachers teachers C.teachers D.C.teachers D.teachersteachersD 重难点突破 可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略 *my aunts(home）(我姑姑家）*go to the teachers (office）(去老师办公室）6.Lucy is _ sister.6.Lucy is _ sister.A.Mary and Jack A.Mary and

27、Jack B.Marys and Jacks B.Marys and Jacks C.Mary and Jacks C.Mary and Jacks D.Mary and Jacks D.Mary and JacksD 重难点突破 表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“ss”*Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）表示两人分别拥有,在每个名词后加“ss”请区别:Lucys and Lilys rooms 露西的房间和莉莉的房间 （两人各有一间房间）7.Look at that old man.He is_.A.a friend of my B.a frie

28、nd of mine C.A mes friend D.a my friend B 重难点突破物主代词与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any等词共同修饰名词时，需用双重所有格，其构成为名词+of+名词所有格（或名词性物主代词）8.Its _from our school to my home.A.ten minutes walk B.ten minutes walkC.ten minute walk D.ten minutes walkA 重难点突破名词所有格（s）也可以用于无生命的东西，主要用于时间，度量单位等名词之后two months vacation

29、a miles distance此表达可以和合成形容词互换two months vacation=two-month vacation1.Could you please get me some _?Im hungry.A.appleB.water C.bread D.egg2.Something is wrong with my_.I cant see anything around me.A.nose B.ears C.eyes D.mouth3.Mr.White has a beautiful garden with many _ in it.A.flowers B.grass C.vi

30、llages D.water 直击中考CCA4.-How far is your cousins home from here?-Its about two _ drive.A.hours B.hours C.hours D.hour5.Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday.He is my favorite _ A.worker B.teacher C.dancer D.player 直击中考CD6.All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday.Aman B.men C.woman D.women 直击中考D2023-2-2048Thanks!