2022年中考英语二轮复习ppt课件 定语从句 .pptx
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1、 定语从句定语从句 及练习及练习概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词在复合句中修饰名词或代词 的句子的句子.(Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.1.The man is a worker.2.The man is speaking
2、at the meeting.合并句子合并句子:The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系关系代词代词关系副词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when,why当先行词是物时当先行词是物时,用用which 或或that引导引导.These are the trees which/that were planted last year.当先行词是人时当先行词是人时,用用who,whom,who
3、se,that引导引导.This is the student who/that/whom I met yesterday.一。关系代词引导的定语从句一。关系代词引导的定语从句who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语Whom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman whom they
4、 wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语“whose n.”引导定语从句时,可换成引导定语从句时,可换成“the n.of whom/which”或或“of whom/which the n.”。He live
5、s in a big house whose window faces the sea.He lives in a big house faces the sea.He lives in a big house faces the sea.the window of whichof which the windowthat 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语和宾语主语和宾语.The teacher that teaches us English is Miss Chai.The thief that the policeman caught is a ten-year-old boy.当先行
6、词是时间时当先行词是时间时,用用when引导引导.Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.当先行词是原因时当先行词是原因时,用用why引导引导.Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.当先行词是地点时,用当先行词是地点时,用where引导引导This is the city where I lived 10 years ago二。关系副词引导的定语从句二。关系副词引导的定语从句各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who 指人,
7、在定语从句中作主语。指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:例如:2.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:例如:Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate?3.whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:例如:I once lived in the house whose window faces south.I know the boy whose father is a pr
8、ofessor.4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:例如:This is the book(which)the teacher gave you yesterday.难点链接难点链接各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。宾语。例如:例如:Ive read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading th
9、e newspaper over there?6.when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:例如:He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:例如:This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.8.why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作
10、用。例如:例如:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.难点链接难点链接Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._ Im reading a book
11、that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?三。三。“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导引导的定语从句的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由宾语时,从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。The school he once studied in is very famous.
12、(which/that)The school he once studied is very famous.The school he once studied in is very famous.in whichwhichThis is the boy I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy I played tennis yesterday.(whom/who/that)with whom四。四。“代词或者数词代词或者数词+介词介词+关系关系代词代词”引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。代词代词有有some,any,none,all,bot
13、h,neither,many,most,each,few等等。数词有。数词有one等。等。He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind tohim.We have two spare rooms upstairs,neither of which has been much used in the past two years.我们楼上有两间空房,过去两年内都没怎我们楼上有两间空房,过去两年内都没怎么用。么用。In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which have
14、gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom arefrom big cities.Up to now,he has written ten stories,three of which areabout country life.I dont know the reason he looks unhappy today.五。五。关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用经常可以用“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。引导的定语从句来表示。I dont know the reaso
15、n he looks unhappy today.whyfor which关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词介词+which结结构:构:when=on(in,at,,by,during)+which;where=in(at,on,from)+which;why=for which.如:如:I was in Beijing on the day he arrived.The office he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason we did it.when(=on which)where(=in
16、 which)why(=for which)注意:注意:from where为为“介词关系副介词关系副词词”结构,它也可以引导定语从句。结构,它也可以引导定语从句。Tom hid himself behind the door,_ he could hear the steps of his mother clearly.from where巩固练习:巩固练习:1.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A.who B.as C.about which D.w
17、ith whom 2.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A for whichB at whichC in whichD on which3.There are altogether eleven books on the shelf,_ five are mine.A on which B in which C of which D from which4.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine mo
18、nths,_ the sailing time was 226 days.A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for whichA AD DC CC C六。六。以以the way为先行词的定为先行词的定语从句通常由语从句通常由in which或或that引引导,而且通常可以省略。导,而且通常可以省略。The way he answered the questions wassurprising.(that/in which)七。注意七。注意 the same as/such as 的使用问题的使用问题 当先行词被 the same 所修饰时,关系词
19、既可以用 as,也可以用 that。在表示具体事物时,有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来,表示同一种类多用 as,表示同一事物多用 that。如:This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念抽象概念上,同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的,所以两个词可换用:I have the same opinion as/that you have.当先行词前有当先行词前有 such,so,as
20、 时,关系词应当用时,关系词应当用as。如:如:A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesnt understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day,all buses have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Lets discuss such thin
21、gs as we can talk of freely.另需注意:另需注意:This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.(定(定语从句)语从句)This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.(结果状语从句)(结果状语从句)He is such a clever boy _ can solve all the questions.This is such an interesting book _
22、interests all students.This is so difficult a question _ no one can work out.He is so popular a person _ we all like to talk with.I bought the same car _ he is driving.asasasasas八八.非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别 1.1.限定性定语从句限定性定语从句 1)1)对先行词起限制、确定作用。与先行词有不对先行词起限制、确定作用。与先行词有不可分割的联系。没有定语从句,先行词的意
23、义就可分割的联系。没有定语从句,先行词的意义就不明确,不完整。不明确,不完整。2)2)关系代词及关系副词关系代词及关系副词 which who(whom)which who(whom)whose that when where why aswhose that when where why as 3)3)先行词和定语从句之间没有逗号先行词和定语从句之间没有逗号 4)4)关系代词作宾语时可以省略关系代词作宾语时可以省略 2.2.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 1)1)只对先行词作补充说明,与先行词只有只对先行词作补充说明,与先行词只有松散的联系。没有定语从句,主句和先行词松散的联系。没有定语从
24、句,主句和先行词的意义仍然清楚。的意义仍然清楚。2)2)关系代词及关系副词关系代词及关系副词 which who which who(whom)whose when where as(whom)whose when where as 3)3)通常有逗号通常有逗号 4)4)关系代词作宾语时不能省略关系代词作宾语时不能省略 eg.eg.We dont like the room,which is cold.We dont like the room,which is cold.我们不喜欢那个房间,它很冷。我们不喜欢那个房间,它很冷。This is a pretty flower,whose nam
25、e This is a pretty flower,whose name I dont know.I dont know.这是一种很美的花,我不知道它叫什么这是一种很美的花,我不知道它叫什么名字。名字。1.I have a sister who works in a hospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.I have a sister,who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐,她在医院工作。3.All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮
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