2022年中考英语 动词和动词短语ppt课件.pptx

1、动词及动词短语动词及动词短语目 录动词的分类动词的基本形式动词短语什么是动词什么是动词动词是用来描述主语动作或状态的词，在句中作谓语。是句子不可缺少的部分，用来说明主语是什么，处于什么状态或做什么。She runs fast.He is crying.I love China.动词有人称和数的变化，还有时态和语态的变化。动词的分类动词的分类动词的分类助动词连系动词实义动词情态动词及物、不及物、延续性、终止性实义动词实义动词实义动词延续性动词不及物动词是否要跟宾语是否可以持续及物动词终止性动词及物动词及物动词1.及物动词：及物动词：本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整的动词。它的分类如下：

2、(1)加单宾语的及物动词。即“动词+宾语”I like this book very much.及物动词及物动词（2）加双宾语的及物动词。即“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”Please pass me the salt.常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。give sb.sth=give sth.to sb.Please give me that book.=Please give that book to me.及物动词及物动词give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,mak

3、e,offer,pass,teach,tell及物动词及物动词(3)加宾语补足语的及物动词，即“动词+宾语+宾补”We call the bird Polly.I saw the children play in the park yesterday.注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:see,watch,notice,hear等。及物动词及物动词感官动词用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补。比如：二者的区别在于：see sb do sth.看见某人做了某事see sb doing sth.看见某人正在做某事也是同样的用法！也是同样的用法！see,watch,notice,hear

4、I saw Jerry clean the classroom.我听见Alice弹了钢琴。I saw Jerry cleaning the classroom.我听见爱丽丝正在弹钢琴。看个例子看个例子不及物动词不及物动词2.不及物动词不及物动词：不及物动词自身意思完整,不用接宾语。Horses run fast.The rain stopped.不及物动词不及物动词(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。We study English.We study hard.不及物动词不及物动词(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。比如listen t

5、o,Listen to the teacher carefully.延续性动词延续性动词(1)延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:live,study,work,keep等。We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.You can keep this book for two weeks.终止性动词终止性动词(2)非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一旦发生立即结束。非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。He arrived here five days ago.die，buy,arrive,open,close,begin,start,

6、leave等系动词系动词系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。系动词没有被动语态！系动词没有被动语态！系动词be,keep,stay,remain“状态”类look，smell，taste，feel，sound系动词的详细分类系动词的详细分类“感官”类“变化”类“似乎”类seembecome,get,turn系动词后一般接形容词作表语。系动词的用法举例系动词的用法举例He is a strong man.Mr Wang seems very angry.This kind of cloth feels soft.The flower

7、smells sweet.You must keep healthy.Her face turns red.助动词助动词助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用,帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be、have、has、had、do、does、did、will和shall等。1.助动词助动词be(am,is,are,was,were)(1)助动词be+现在分词,构成进行时。They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.(2)助动词be+过去分词,构成被动语态。English is spoken in m

8、any countries.常用助动词的用法辨析常用助动词的用法辨析be作为助动词，有人称、时态和数的变化。人称人称数数现在时态现在时态过去时态过去时态现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词第一人称单数amwasbeingbeen复数arewere第二人称单数arewere复数arewere第三人称单数iswas复数arewere助动词助动词be的用法的用法常用助动词的用法辨析常用助动词的用法辨析2.助动词have/has+过去分词形式,构成现在完成时。助动词had+过去分词形式，构成过去完成时。We have studied English for five years.We have read

9、English for an hour.have/has/had肯定式肯定式缩略肯定缩略肯定式式否定式否定式缩略否定缩略否定式式原形havevehave nothavent现在时三单hasshas nothast过去式haddhad nothadt常用助动词的用法辨析常用助动词的用法辨析3.助动词do/does/did用于构成疑问句和否定句,用于倒装句,加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。Do you live in China?Yes,I do.（疑问句）He didnt play basketball yesterday.（否定句）Only then did I realize I w

10、as wrong.（倒装句）do/does/did肯定式肯定式否定式否定式缩略否定式缩略否定式原形dodo notdont一般现在时的三单形式doesdoes notdoesnt过去式diddid notdidnt常用助动词的用法辨析常用助动词的用法辨析4.助动词will和shall用于构成一般将来时。(shall主要用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称)There will be a football match this evening.I shall be sixteen years old next birthday.He asked me when we would leave.情态

11、动词情态动词情态动词有一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表示说话人的态度。它在句中需和主要动词一起构成谓语。见情态动词专题！见情态动词专题！动词的基本形式动词的基本形式动词基本形式现在分词过去分词原形一般现在时的三单过去式01 BUSINESS SECTIONWe have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.02 BUSINESS

12、 SECTIOWe have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time.规则规则 动词原形动词原形三单三单一般在动词词尾加-s helphelps以 s,x,sh,ch,o 结尾的+es,finishfinishestouch（触碰）touchesdodoes以辅音字母y结尾变y为i+esstudystudies一般现在时的三单一般现在时的三单实

13、义动词变现在分词规则规则规则动词原形动词原形现在分词现在分词一般情况下，直接在词尾加-ingdodoing以不发音的字母e结尾，去e再加-ingtaketaking实义动词变现在分词规则规则规则动词原形动词原形现在分词现在分词重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音加ingbeginbeginning少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y,再加ingdie,liedying,lying重读闭音节：指以辅音音素重读闭音节：指以辅音音素结尾，元音发短元音，而且结尾，元音发短元音，而且是重读音节的音节。是重读音节的音节。规则规则 动词原形动词原形过去式过去式一般在动词词尾加-edworkworked动词词尾为不发音的字母

14、e,加-dlike,live,hope,use,closeliked,lived,hoped,used,closed规则实义动词变过去式规则规则 动词原形动词原形过去式过去式以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i+edstudy，hurry，worry，carry,studied，hurried，worried，carried,以辅音字母结尾重读闭音节动词，双写词尾字母加-edplanstopplanedstopped规则实义动词变过去式OPTION 02OPTION 03OPTION 04规则动词的过去分词规则规则 动词原形动词原形过去分词过去分词一般在动词词尾加-edworkworked动词词尾为不发音的字母e,加-dlikeliked以辅音字母y结尾变y为i+edStudystudiedOPTION 02OPTION 03OPTION 04规则动词的过去分词规则规则 动词原形动词原形过去分词过去分词以辅音字母y结尾变y为i+edstudystudied以福辅音字母结尾重读闭音节动词，双写词尾字母加-edplanplanedstopstopped动词短语动词短语背记动词短语清单！