2022年英语中考语法ppt课件：介词.pptx

1、介词介词中考专题复习介词介词0101020203030404介词的定义介词的定义介词的作用介词的作用介词的分类介词的分类固定搭配固定搭配一般用于_、_ 或者 _之前，表示该词与句中其他成分的_。介词后面的动词要加介词后面的动词要加ingingThe pen is on the book under the table.The pen is the book the table.有有介词介词无介词无介词地点介词地点介词其他其他介词介词时间介词时间介词介词的固定介词的固定搭配搭配时间介词时间介词地点介词地点介词方位介词方位介词其他介词其他介词分类分类 in the morning/afternoo

2、n/evening on Monday in January/February on January fifth in Spring on Christmas Day in 2014 on New Years Day in 2 days/weeks/years(表将来表将来)on Sunday morning at dawn/daybreak at six at midnight at 4:30 at sixteen/at the age of sixteen at Christmas1inin in用于一段时间，年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的上午、下午和傍晚用于一段时间，年、月、世纪、四季或泛指

3、的上午、下午和傍晚ononon用在星期几，具体的某一天，某一天或某种天气的早、中、晚或用在星期几，具体的某一天，某一天或某种天气的早、中、晚或节日前节日前at钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点 1.时间介词：时间介词：Prepositions of time in,on,at_September_ 2020_winter_ 21st century_ the moring_Monday_ Feb.1st,2020_ Teachers Day_ a cold morning_ the morning ofMay,10th _ 7:00_ the age of 18_ n

4、oon_ night inonatininininononononatatat习惯用法：习惯用法：in the future,on holidays,at first,at Christmas.SummaryLets try!1.Mygrandfatherwasborn_Oct.10,1935.A.on B.in C.at D.of 2.Thetrainisstarting_fiveminutes.A.in B.at C.for D.still 3.Mikedoeshisexercises_seven_theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on 4.Chil

5、drengetgifts_Christmasand_theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on 5.Thereisnothing_tomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up 说出下列短语中时间介词的用法。说出下列短语中时间介词的用法。over 在某个时间一直在某个时间一直.(.(连续的状态连续的状态,行为等行为等)某个时间点上发生或做了某事某个时间点上发生或做了某事(间断的或一次性的状态或行为间断的或一次性的状态或行为)duringover a

6、 five-year period over many years over night during the Middle Ages during 1942 在在1942年中年中 during the summer（of that year）during his childhood before在在（时间）之前，但（时间）之前，但 不包括当日不包括当日afterafter一段时间一段时间，用于过去过去时，表“在之后”；after时间点时间点，用于将来将来时，表“在以后”I went to the cinema befroe 7 p.m.yesterday.After two days，the

7、 police finally found the lost girl.两天之后，警方终于找到那个走失的女孩。两天之后，警方终于找到那个走失的女孩。We are leaving for Shanghai after two oclock.两点以后，我们将去上海。两点以后，我们将去上海。We go to school from Monday to Friday.(fromto“从到”，不能用于完成时)I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在）The doctor has saved a lot of lives si

8、nce he became a doctor.（since作连词，引导时间状语从句）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命 Judy has lived in Guangzhou for ten years.朱迪已经在广州住了十年。朱迪已经在广州住了十年。forforfor一段时间，达一段时间，达之久（表示经过了多少时间）之久（表示经过了多少时间）,可以和可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。from用于一般过去用于一般过去、一般、一般现在现在或一般或一般将来时将来时sin

9、ce自从以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续）since时间点，主要用于完成时或完成进行时主要用于完成时或完成进行时“by+“by+时间点时间点”表示表示“到到.以前为止以前为止”，如果，如果byby后加后加“将来的将来的时间点时间点”，应用一般将来时；如果，应用一般将来时；如果byby后跟过去的时间点，应用过后跟过去的时间点，应用过去完成时去完成时 by the end of by the end of 在在.底（之前）底（之前）by then by then 到那时到那时 by the time+by the time+从句从句 在在.从前从前用于否定句中，意为用于否定句中，意为“直到直

10、到才才”，在其前的谓语动词多用，在其前的谓语动词多用瞬间动词；瞬间动词；用在肯定句中意为用在肯定句中意为“直到直到为止为止”，其前的谓语，其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词动词需用延续性动词 By the end of next month,I will finish reading this book By the end of this week,I have written two books I didnt go to bed until 10 oclock.I waited for my mother until 10 oclock.till/untilbywithin不超过的范围 wit

11、hin 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week 一周之内 I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。比较：within和in。within强调在时间之内，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。C()Beijing Expo 2019 opened)Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the publicto the public 29th April.It will last over five mon

12、ths.29th April.It will last over five months.A.atA.atB.inB.inC.onC.onD.ofD.ofB()Thanks to our government,)Thanks to our government,we can have a we can have a new library next week.new library next week.Thats great!And we will read books thereThats great!And we will read books there a month.a month.

13、A.before A.before B.in B.in C.by C.by D.untilD.untilD()Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon)Most of the villagers took part in the DragonBoat races Boat races 9 9：00 a.m.00 a.m.the morning of June 7.the morning of June 7.A.at;inA.at;inB.on;on B.on;on C.on;in C.on;in D.at;onD.at;onC()New Chi

14、na was set up in 1949.)New China was set up in 1949.Every Chinese knows her 70th birthday isEvery Chinese knows her 70th birthday is October 1,2019.October 1,2019.A.in A.in B.at B.at C.on C.on D.by D.by A()What time do you usually get up?)What time do you usually get up?7 7：00.00.A.At A.At B.In B.In

15、 C.On C.On D.ByD.ByD()Shall we stop and wait for others?)Shall we stop and wait for others?Sounds good.I think they will catch upSounds good.I think they will catch up a few minutes.a few minutes.A.during A.during B.after B.after C.for C.for D.inD.inD()My brother joined the army)My brother joined th

16、e army September last year.September last year.A.on A.on B.by B.by C.at C.at D.in D.in A()How soon will we get the offer from a new high)How soon will we get the offer from a new high school?school?_about two months._about two months.A.In A.In B.For B.For C.Among C.Among D.DuringD.DuringC()What do y

17、ou often do _ classes to relax)What do you often do _ classes to relax yourselves?yourselves?We often do some running or listen to music.We often do some running or listen to music.A.in A.in B.through B.through C.between C.between D.amongD.amongC()When is Lang Langs concert?)When is Lang Langs conce

18、rt?Its _ three oclock_ Its _ three oclock_ the afternoon of December 18th.the afternoon of December 18th.A.at;in A.at;in B.on;in B.on;in C.at;on C.at;on D.in;onD.in;on The cat is _ the box.in （有接触面）The dog is_ the box.onThe bird is_ the box.The rabbit is _the box.2at一般指小地方；一般指小地方；at home at school a

19、t the station That man is standing at the bus stop.in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；一般指大地方或某个范围之内；in the factory in the room in the center of/in the middle of.on往往表示往往表示“在某个物体的表面在某个物体的表面”。on the bus on the train on the subway/underground There is a book and a lamp on the desk.Jerry is the plate.Look!Jerry is the bot

20、tle.Jerry is the cheese.Jerry is Tom.Jerry is the tree.Jerry is Tom.Jerry is Tom.-Where is Jerry?-Its in front of Tom.Where is the cat?Its in the box.Its on the box.Its near the box.Its in front of the box.Its over the box.in：某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）to：某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外）某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外）on：

21、与某一地区接壤的地方与某一地区接壤的地方Fujian is in the southeast of China.Xinjiang is in the northwest of China.Jiangsu is in the east of China What about Taiwan?Taiwan is the southeast of China.in：某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内）to：某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外）某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外）on：与某一地区接壤的地方与某一地区接壤的地方TipJapan is to the east of

22、 China.South Korea is to the northeast of China.Russia is on the north of China.North Korea is on northeast of China.What about Sinapore?注：注：be+in/on/to 可用 lie+in/on/to代替BCFF Fujian is _ the southeast of China.Taiwan is _ the southeast of Fujian.Zhenjian is _ the north of Fujian.1)in,on,tointoon不属于该

23、范围，隔着台湾海峡不属于该范围，隔着台湾海峡接壤接壤总结：总结：1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia.A.in,on B.in,to C.to,in2.Mongolia(蒙古蒙古)is _the north of China.A.in B.on C.to3.The United States is _ the south of Canada and _ the east of Japan.A.to;in B.on;to C.in;beside D.at;on 4.Japan lies_ the east of Ch

24、ina.A.on B.to C.in D.with over指指“正上方正上方”,还有还有“覆盖覆盖”的含义（反义词的含义（反义词under，“正下方正下方”)above指指“在上方在上方”但不一定在正上方但不一定在正上方(反义词反义词below,“在下方在下方”)B is over A.D is above C.Spread a cloth over the table.The plane flew above the clouds.ABCDBCFFThere is a bridge over the river.There is a dog under the desk.辨析：辨析：abo

25、ve VS below over VS under 垂直的正上方/正下方 高于/低于，在。下方 不一定垂直Raise your arms above your head.There is a calendar on the wall,it is below the clock.across是指从是指从表面表面穿过穿过through则是指从物体则是指从物体内部内部穿过穿过 We should go across the road carefully.Three men went through the forest yesterday.1.There is a bridge _ the rive

26、r.2.There is a pen _ the book.3.It took the man 2 months to walk _ the desert.4.The third floor is _ the sixth floor.5.The sixth floor is _ the third floof.riverbridgethroughoverbelowaboveunderthroughacrossupdownoveraround穿过平面穿过空间between.and in front ofnext to/besidebehindoppositein the front ofABD(

27、)The highspeed train)The highspeed train Qingdao Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now.The train and Beijing travels faster now.The train ride takes only about three hours.ride takes only about three hours.A.fromA.fromB.amongB.amongC.in C.in D.betweenD.betweenB()Look,there is a cute bird,Mom.)Look,

28、there is a cute bird,Mom.It flew into our kitchen It flew into our kitchen the window just now,Alex.the window just now,Alex.A.acrossA.across B.throughB.throughC.above C.above D.underD.underA()On sunny days,my grandma often reads a novel)On sunny days,my grandma often reads a novel the window.the wi

29、ndow.A.by A.by B.for B.for C.with C.with D.fromD.fromC ()Many young people put mobile games)Many young people put mobile games _anything else_anything else，thinking little of their thinking little of their normal lives.normal lives.A.along withA.along withB.behindB.behind C.beforeC.beforeD.in front

30、ofD.in front ofC()All the visitors are happy to hold a)All the visitors are happy to hold a dancing party _ the foot of the mountain.dancing party _ the foot of the mountain.A.in A.in B.onB.onC.at C.at D.forD.forC()During the winter months,the nighttime)During the winter months,the nighttime tempera

31、tures on Sahara Desert usually drop _ 0 temperatures on Sahara Desert usually drop _ 0 C.C.A.above A.above B.over B.over C.below C.below D.acrossD.across3 with(1)和一起 Mum，I will go with you.妈，我和你一起去。(2)带有，附有 There is a pond with many fish in it.池塘里有很多鱼。(3)用工具 I have to cut it with a knife.我不得不用把刀来切它。

32、(4)随着 With the development of the science and technology，people are living a better and better life.随着科学技术的发展，人们过上了越来越好的生活。B()I often go to school_foot.)I often go to school_foot.However,I went to school _ my However,I went to school _ my fathers car this morning because I got fathers car this morni

33、ng because I got up late.up late.A.on,by A.on,by B.on,inB.on,inC.by,byC.by,by D.by,inD.by,inA()You are late.Your plane has gone half an)You are late.Your plane has gone half an hour ago.You have to go to Beijing _ a train.hour ago.You have to go to Beijing _ a train.A.on A.on B.by B.by C.of C.of D.i

34、nD.inB()I believe I can achieve my dream _)I believe I can achieve my dream _ working hard.working hard.A.in A.in B.by B.by C.with C.with D.onD.on其他介词其他介词 1.His father is very angry_him his study.A.at，with B.with，at C.to，about D.about，to 2.Paper is made_wood.A.from B.of C.by D.in 3.The basket is ful

35、l_apples.A.with B.of C.in D.by 4.Kate cant come.Lets ask wei Hua instead_her.A.of B.for C.to D.with 5.The heavy rain stopped me_getting to school on time.A.to B.from C.on D.for 6.When the red light is on，its dangerous to go_the street.A.acrossB.throughC.crossD.to7.Take a rest _ you finish the work.A

36、.beforeB.afterC.untilD.while8.You cant pass the exam,_ you study hard.A.ifB.ofC.unless D.and9._our team tried best,_ we failed.A.Though,butB.Because,so C.If,and D.Though,/在前面在前部在中间在附近在旁边在的里面在的外面在的后面请说出下列介词的中文意思。请说出下列介词的中文意思。易混淆介词易混淆介词There is a railway between the two cities.our teacher is standing

37、among the studentsHe talked to me like my father.他像父亲那样和我谈话。He talked to me as a father.他以父亲的身份和我谈话。I have another blue pen besides this one.除了这支,我还有一支蓝色钢笔。(共2支)We all passed the exam except Tom.除了汤姆,我们都通过了考试。(汤姆不合格)介词常与名词、动词和形容词等构成固定搭配。固定搭介词常与名词、动词和形容词等构成固定搭配。固定搭配可以理解成我们的成语或者熟语，中考考察固定搭配配可以理解成我们的成语或

38、者熟语，中考考察固定搭配也也常常常和英语中的熟语一起考察。常和英语中的熟语一起考察。at home在家在家 at last最后最后 at least 至少至少at school在上课在上课 at table在用餐在用餐 at night在夜晚在夜晚at present现在现在 at times偶尔，有时偶尔，有时 at work上班；在工作上班；在工作at the moment此刻此刻 at the age of在在岁时岁时 at the beginning of在在的开始的开始at the end of在在的尽头的尽头 at the same time同时同时 at a low price

39、低价低价on business出差出差 on duty值日值日 on fire着火着火on foot步行步行 on holiday度假度假 on purpose故意故意on sale出售；降价出售出售；降价出售 on show展出展出 on time准时准时on ones own独自；独立地独自；独立地 work on从事从事 depend on依靠依靠hold on等一等等一等 live on以以为生为生 try on试穿试穿三、与三、与out有关的短语有关的短语carry out执行执行 die out灭绝灭绝go out出去出去find out查明查明 point out指出指出 put

40、 out熄灭熄灭sell out售光售光 send out发出发出 take out取出取出 work out算出，解决算出，解决 out of date过期的过期的 out of danger脱离危险脱离危险out of control失控失控 out of work失业失业四、与四、与by有关的短语有关的短语by accident偶然偶然 by mistake错误地错误地 by the way顺便说一句顺便说一句by hand用手工用手工 by oneself独自地独自地 五、五、与与in有关的短语有关的短语in all总共总共in danger处于危险中处于危险中 in English用

41、英语用英语in fact事实上事实上 in general一般而言一般而言 in need of需要需要in person亲自亲自 in public公开地公开地 in short总之总之in surprise吃惊地吃惊地 in time及时及时 in trouble处于困难中处于困难中in a hurry匆忙地匆忙地 in a word总之总之 in the past在过去在过去in ones opinion依某人看依某人看 in the end最后最后 in the future在将来在将来in the way挡道，妨碍挡道，妨碍 in place of代替代替 in this way用这

42、种方式用这种方式in other words换句话说换句话说 in front of在物体外部的前面在物体外部的前面 in the front of在物体内部的前面在物体内部的前面六、与六、与for有关的短语有关的短语look for寻找寻找ask for请求请求 pay for为为付款；付出代价付款；付出代价wait for等待等待 be late for因因而迟到而迟到 send for sb.请某人来请某人来(帮忙等帮忙等)leave for前往前往 care for 关心关心 be good for对对有好处有好处get/be ready for为为做好准备做好准备 be famous

43、 for以以而闻名而闻名七、与七、与to有关的短语有关的短语according to根据根据 belong to属于属于 in order to为了为了listen to 听听 write to写给写给 get to 到达到达lead to 导致导致 thanks to幸亏幸亏 look forward to 期待期待pay attention to 注意注意 be friendly to对对友好友好 be similar to和和相似相似point to指向指向 make a contribution to 做贡献做贡献 be/get/become used to doing 习惯于做某事习

44、惯于做某事八、与八、与with有关的短语有关的短语agree with同意同意 deal/do with处理，对付处理，对付get/keep in touch with 与与联系联系catch up with赶上赶上 connectwith与与连接连接 chat/talked with sb.和某人说话和某人说话be busy with忙于忙于 come up with 提出；想出提出；想出 make friends with与与交朋友交朋友play with与与玩耍玩耍 shake hands with sb.与某人握手与某人握手 provide sb.with sth.给某人提供某物给某人

45、提供某物be filled with充满充满 be pleased with对对感到满意感到满意 be covered with被被覆盖覆盖be strict with对对严格严格 help sb.with sth.帮某人做某事帮某人做某事九、与九、与off有关的短语有关的短语take off脱下，起飞脱下，起飞 keep off(使使)不接近；挡住不接近；挡住 put off推迟推迟set off动身动身 turn off关掉关掉 cut off切断切断call off取消取消 pay off还清还清B()I think tea will taste better _ some milk i

46、n it.)I think tea will taste better _ some milk in it.A.forA.forB.withB.withC.fromC.from D.aD.aA()Its very kind _ you to lend me your)Its very kind _ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.reusable shopping bags.A.ofA.of B.forB.forC.toC.to D.withD.withA()Could you please give me a hand?I cant)Co

47、uld you please give me a hand?I cant complete the task on time _ your plete the task on time _ your help.A.without A.without B.under B.under C.with C.with D.for D.for C()Most people are_ building a paper)Most people are_ building a paper factory near here.They are worried the river will factory near

48、 here.They are worried the river will get polluted.get polluted.A.for A.for B.withB.withC.against C.against D.beyondD.beyondD()I went _your written report just now and)I went _your written report just now and highly agree with it.Good job!highly agree with it.Good job!A.across A.across B.past B.past

49、 C.to C.to D.throughD.throughB()All the students went hiking _Tom)All the students went hiking _Tom because he had to look after his little sister.because he had to look after his little sister.A.beside A.beside B.except B.except C.besidesC.besidesD.includingD.includingA()Grace and Helen are close f

50、riends.They often)Grace and Helen are close friends.They often talk with each other on QQ for hours_ a break.talk with each other on QQ for hours_ a break.A.without A.without B.under B.under C.against C.against D.withD.withD()Why are you so strongly _ leaving)Why are you so strongly _ leaving childr