2022年英语中考复习专题ppt课件-数词.pptx

1、数词 表示数字、数目和顺序的叫做表示数字、数目和顺序的叫做数词数词。数词分。数词分为为基数词基数词和和序数词序数词一、基数词的构成和应用1.构成定义：构成定义：表示表示“多少多少”的词为的词为基数词基数词。0zero2two4four6six8eight1one3three5five7seven9nine10ten11eleven12twelve 13thieteen 14 fourteen15fifteen20 twenty21twenty-one50fifty60sixty(1)分数表达法分数：分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子为分子为=1，分母用单数；，分

2、母用单数；分子分子1时，分母加时，分母加s。如：如：one third三分之一三分之一two thirds三分之二三分之二 当分数构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保当分数构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。例如：持一致。例如：Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。这个苹果被吃了五分之二。Two fifths of the apples are red.有五分之二的苹果是红的。有五分之二的苹果是红的。注意：注意：一些习惯用法：一些习惯用法：1/4 也可表示为也可表示为 a quarter，3/4 也可表

3、示为也可表示为 three quarters，1/2 也可表示为也可表示为 a half。（2）表示年龄 如：ten years old 十岁 at the age of eight 八岁 in ones nineties 在某人九十多岁时(2021、T78)(4)表示编号 如：Lesson Twothe second lessonLesson 2(第二课)(5)表示年、月、日(6)“基数词more复数名词”意为“又；再”，通常可与“another 基数词 复数名词”互换使用。如：Angela gave me two more bananas.Angela gave me another tw

4、o bananas.安杰拉又给了我两根香蕉。(7)数词作定语 “数词名词(形容词)”结构可作定语，属于“复合形容词”。注意，此时连字符所连接的名词要用单数。如：a threeyearold boy一个三岁的男孩（8）表示时刻表达法示例顺读法逆读法“几点整”用“基数词(oclock)”表示6：00 six(oclock)若分钟小于30分钟，可用“基数词”或“分钟past小时”表示8：10 eight ten,8：10 ten past eight若分钟大于30分钟，可用“基数词”或“(60分钟数)to(小时1)”表示8：50 eight fifty8：50 ten to nine（9）表示确切的

5、数字(具体数字概数词复数名词)hundred，thousand，million等词与具体数字(如one，two等)连用时，要用单数形式，一般不与of连用。如：three hundred students三百名学生表示不确切的数字(概数词加“s”of复数名词)hundred，thousand，million等词与of连用时，要用复数形式，前面不能再加数字。如：thousands of people成千上万的人二、序数词的构成和应用1.构成定义：表示构成定义：表示“第几第几”的词为的词为序数词序数词 口诀：口诀：基变序，有规律。基变序，有规律。1 1，2 2，3 3，特殊记；结尾时，特殊记；结尾时

6、，t t，d d，d d；从第从第4 4，加，加 th;8th;8加加h h，9 9去去e e；5 5和和12,12,也好记，也好记，f f来把来把 ve ve 替；替；若要表示整十数，词尾若要表示整十数，词尾y,y,变变 ie;th ie;th 接上莫迟疑接上莫迟疑,如要表示几十几，只变个位就可以。如要表示几十几，只变个位就可以。基数词要基数词要变为变为序数词是有规律可循的，其方法及具体示例如下：序数词是有规律可循的，其方法及具体示例如下：数字序数词变化规则示例13形式特殊first，second，third419基数词 th(第5、8、9、12稍不同)fourth，fifth，sixth，

7、seventh，eighth，ninth，tenth，eleventh，twelfth，thirteenth，fourteenth，fifteenth，sixteenth，seventeenth，eighteenth，nineteenth2090(整十)去掉相应基数词词尾的y，加iethtwentieth，thirtieth，fortieth，fiftieth，sixtieth，seventieth，eightieth，ninetieth续表数字序数词变化规则示例2199101999(非整十)仅将个位数变为序数词第二十一twentyfirst 第四十五fortyfifth 第一百二十九one

8、hundred and twentyninth整百、整千等在词尾加th第三百 three hundredth第两千 two thousandth例子：first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth twenty-first twenty-second twenty-third twenty-fourth twe

9、nty-fifth twenty-sixth twenty-seventhtwenty-eighth twenty-ninth thirtieth thirty-first(2)表示日期、年代及世纪。年用基数词，日用序数词，读时前面加定冠词the。年份可整体读，也可以先读前两位数，再读后两位数。时间表达法示例年、月月在前，年在后，中间可不用逗号2020年3月March 2020年、月、日月日(基数词)，年月the日(序数词)，年the日(序数词)of月in年2020年3月9日March 9，2020 March the ninth，2020the ninth of March in 2020年

10、代“in the 年份的复数形式”表示“在世纪年代”在20世纪40年代in the 1940s/nineteen forties世纪“the序数词century”或“the百位进数s”在21世纪in the twentyfirst/21st century在20世纪in the 1900s注意：序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但如果序数词前面有my，his等限定词修饰时，则不能加the。如：Look！This is his third car.看！这是他的第三辆车。序数词前加a/an，表示“又一；再一”。如：Ive tried twice，but Ill try a third time.我已经

11、试过两次了，但我还会再试第三次。达标练习选择填空。()1.Its my daughters birthday today.Shes _ years old.Aeighteen Beighteenth Cthe eighteen Dthe eighteenth()2.Whats twenty and fifty?Its _ Afifty Bseventy Ceighty Dninety()3.The man began to drive a car at the age of _ Athirty Bthirties Cthirtieth Dthe thirtieth()4.Its said th

12、at the two _ doctors have just come back from Wuhan.Yeah，I know them.They are both already in their _.Awoman；sixty Bwomen；sixtieth Cwomen；sixties Dwoman；sixtiesABAC达标训练：(A)5.How many hours do you sleep every night?About _ hours，from 9：00 p.m.to 6：00 am.Anine Bnineteen Cninth Dninety(D )6.There are _

13、 floors in this building.He lives on the _ floor.Athirty；nine Bthirtieth；nine Cthirtieth；ninth Dthirty；ninth(A )7.()How many students in your class get to school on foot?About _ of them do.Athree fifths Btwo third Cfirst four Done seconds(A)8.How many books are there on the shelf?Well，I think there

14、are _ books.Atwo hundred and fortysix Btwo hundreds and forty Ctwo hundred fourteen Dtwo hundreds and fortysix达标训练：(C )9._ people lost their homes in Japans earthquake.ATwo thousands BThousand CThousands of DThousand of(D )6.Susan,how many women teachers are there in your school?In our school,_of th

15、e teachers _ women teachers.Athird fourth；are Bthird fourth；is Cthree fourths；is Dthree fourths；are(A)7._of our classmates are good at basketball.AThree quarters BThree fourth CThird four DThird fourth(B )8.Tonys mom looks young and beautiful.Its hard to imagine she is already in her _ Afifty Bfifti

16、es Cfiftieths Dfiftieth达标训练：二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1Lily visited Baise twice.The first(one)time is in summer and the second (two)time is in winter.2.My cousin got a story book from Tina on his eighth(eight)birthday.3He retired on his sixtieth(sixty)birthday.4We printed two hundred(hundred)and sixty invitations.5Our English teacher is in his thirties(thirty).达标训练：三、单词拼写。1September is the ninth(第九)month of a year.2Though Ann won third(第三)place in the running race，she felt happy.3To make a soccer team，we need twentythree(二十三)players in all.4Light Snow is the_twentieth(第二十)of the 24 solar terms(节气)