2022年中考英语语法复习代词ppt课件.pptx

1、中考英语语法复习New Semester，new BeginningLorem ipsum dolor sit amet,please add your text here,lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,please add your text here,lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,please add your text here,lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,please add your text here代词 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,please add your text here

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4、 add your text here,lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,please add your text here,lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,please add your text hereAdd your text hereAdd your text here一、人称代词的含义及分类人称代词是用来指人或事物的代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。其详细变化如下表所示：单数单数复数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I(我)mewe(我们）us第二人称you（你）youyou（你们）you第三人称he（他）/she（她）/it（它）him/he

5、r/it they（他们）them数人称格注意：1.you单复数同形，既可指“你”，又可指“你们”。2.you和it的主格和宾格形式相同二、人称代词的用法1.人称代词的主格在句中作主语。如：I like English very much.She often goes to the movies on Sunday.They go to school by bus.2.人称代词的宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。如：Please pass me the salt.(作动词pass的宾语）My father bought a new pen for me.(作介词for的宾语）Let me tell

6、 you what he is like.3.人称代词的排序两个或两个以上的人称代词并列充当主语时，通常将第一人称放在最后。单数人称按“二、三、一”的顺序排列，即you He/she I;复数人称按“一、二、三”的顺序排列，即we you they。如：Both he and I are good at English.You,he and I are of the same age.We,you and they are all good citizens.4.代词it的用法（1）用于指代前面已经提到的事物。如：I dropped my watch and it broke.(it指代上文中

7、提到的watch）（2）用作主语，表示天气、时间、距离等。如：It is sunny and hot today.It is time for class.How far is it from your home to school?(3)用作形式主语或形式宾语。如：It is important to protect the environment.(用作形式主语）I find it difficult to learn a foreign language well.(用作形式宾语）注意：it作形式主语的结构为：It is+adj.+to da sth.该结构中it作形式主语，真正的主语是

8、后面的动词不定式（短语）。该结构中可在形容词后添加介词短语“for/of sb.”,但意义不同。It is+adj.+to da sth.意为“对某人来说做某事是.的”。句中的形容词常表示事物的特征或客观情况，如interesting,easy,hard,relaxing,necessany等。It is+adj.+to da sth.中的形容词常表示人的性格、品质、特点，如kind，nice，clever等。如：It is relaxing for me to play soccer.It is kind of you to help me with my homework.典例1 -Mar

9、y,who taught_English last term?-Mr.Smith did.A.your B.you C.yours D.our解析：本题考查人称代词的宾格形式。you在句中作动词taught的宾语，宾语应由人称代词的宾格充当。答案：B典例2 Mo Yan is a famous writer who got the Nobel Prize.-wrote many popular books.A.He B.Him C.They D.We解析：设空处在句中充当主语，且代指上文提到的Mo Yan。主语应由人称代词的主格充当。答案：A典例3 -Where is my bag,mom?-

10、_is on your bed.A.This B.That C.It D.He解析：指代上文已提到的事物用it答案：C知识点二 物主代词一、物主代词的含义及分类物主代词是表示事物所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。列表如下：人称人称数数形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数my（我的）mine复数our（我们的）ours第二人称单数your（你的）yours复数your（你们的）yours第三人称单数his（他的）/her（她的）/its（它的）his/hers/its复数their（他们的）theirs注意：your和yours的单、复数同

11、形。二、物主代词的用法1.形容词性物主代词的用法（1）形容词性物主代词作定语，起形容词的作用，后面要跟名词，不可单独使用。如：Is that your umbrella?(2)形容词性物主代词可以和其他形容词一起修饰名词。如：her good friend(3)当名词前已有形容词性物主代词修饰时，不能再用冠词或指示代词。如：This is my a ruler.(错误，应该把a去掉）2.名词性物主代词的用法名词性物主代词相对于名词，在句中独立地作主语、宾语和表语，它后面一定不可以跟名词，因为他相对于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。如：This is my book.Yours is on the

12、desk.(作主语，相对于your book）These books are mine.(作表语，相对于my books）Lets clean her classroom first,then well clean ours.(作宾语，相对于our classroom）注意：名词性物主代词作主语时，谓语动词的数要随名词性物主代词所指代的数而定。如：That is Franks ruler.Mine is white.(相当于my ruler）He books are cheap.Mine are expensive.(相当于my books）物主代词分两种，形容词性名词性。形容词性能力差，自己

13、不能来当家。句子当中作定语，身后定把名词加。物主代词名词性，相当名词可单用。句中充当主表宾，身后没有名词影。两种代词形不同，添个s形变名。his，its不用变，my变mine要记清。典例1 That is notkite.That kite is very small,but_is very big.(I)(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空）解析：第一个设空后面有名词kite，其前应用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填my；第二个设空在句中作主语，指代“我的风筝”，故应填名词性物主代词mine。答案：my；mine典例2 This ruler isnt mine.I think it is.A.he B.

14、him C.his D.her解析：句意：这把尺子不是我的，我认为是他（她）的。根据句意排除A、B两项。设空处的词在句中作表语，指代“他（她）的尺子”，且其后没有名词ruler，故应用名词性物主代词。his既是形容词性物主代词，又是名词性物主代词；her是形容词性物主代词。答案：C知识点三 反身代词一、反身代词的含义及构成表示“某人自己”的词叫反身代词。反身代词第一、二人称由形容词性物主代词加-self（复数加-selves）构成，第三人称反身代词由人称代词的宾格加-self（复数加-selves）构成。详见下表：第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称单数myself我自己yours

15、elf你自己himself/herself/itself他/她/它自己复数ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他/她/它们自己人称数二、反身代词的用法1.反身代词可用作宾语、表语、主语和宾语的同位语，用作同位语时强调“本人、自己”。如：I enjoy myself at the party.（作动词的宾语）Take good care of yourself.(作介词的宾语）Just be yourself.（作表语）You can go and ask John himself.（作宾语的同位语）The story itself is good,but

16、he didnt tell it well.（作主语的同位语）反身代词可以作主语的同位语，但不能单独作主语2.反身代词有时用于be，feel，seem，look等后作表语，表示身体或精神处于正常状态。如：Im not quite myself these days.He doesnt seem himself this morning.反身代词在使用时应和主语保持一致三、反身代词的固定搭配learn by oneself自学 enjoy oneself玩得高兴teach oneself自学 help oneself（to）.随便(吃).say to oneself自言自语 by oneself

17、独自hurt oneself伤着自己 dress oneself自己穿衣 典例1 Help _to some fish,children.A.yourself B.your C.yours D.yourselves解析：本题考查反身代词的固定搭配。help oneself（to）.意为“随便用（吃）.”，且oneself应与后面的children保持一致，故应使用复数形式yourselves。答案：D典例2 -Shall we take Danes report card for him?-No,he will come to get it _.A.itself B.himself C.her

18、self D.ourselves解析:答语意为：“他会自己来取”，且反身代词应和主语he保持一致，故应使用himself。答案：B知识点四 指示代词一、指示代词的含义指示代词是表示指示概念的代词。指示代词有：指近处this 这个（单数）these 这些(复数）指远处that 那个（单数）those 那些（复数）如：This is a book.These pens are mine.That is a car.Those are is shirts.二、指示代词的用法1.指示代词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如：That is a ruler.(作主语）My idea is this.（

19、作表语）How do you like these?（作宾语）Those books are hers.（作定语）注意：that is可以缩写为thats;而this is无缩写形式2.用于指代上文刚刚提到的事物。如：The weather is Beijing is warmer than that in Harbin in winter.3.在电话用语中，用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。如：-Whos that?你是谁？-This is Tom speaking.我是汤姆。指代上文刚提及的weather4.回答this，that作主语的疑问句，答语要用it代替this或that；回

20、答these、those作主语的疑问句，答语要用they代替these或those。如：-Whats this in English?-Its a map.-What are these?-They are apples.拓展：指示代词的单、复数转化This is a pen.复数句：These are pens.That is a book.复数句：Those are books.一、普通不定代词1.初中阶段常用的不定代词如下表：somesome，anyany（a)few,(a)littlea)few,(a)little none,no onenone,no onemany,mucheith

21、er,neitherother,another,the othereach,everyboth,all2.常用不定代词用法辨析（1）some与any：some与any都表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词复数，又可以修饰不可数名词。区别是some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：I have some questions to ask.They didnt have any friends here.Do you have any English books?注意：在表示建议，请求的疑问句中，或希望得到对方肯定回答时，多用some，而不用any；当any表示“任何”的意义

22、，起强调作用时，可用在肯定句中。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?What about some fruit juice?Any student can answer this question.(2)many和much两者均表示“许多”，但many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。两者都可以和表示程度的副词so，too，how等连用，其构成的短语的用法和many，much的用法相同。如：I dont have many friends here.They have much work to do.There are too many pe

23、ople in the room.How much yogurt do we need?how much 也可以询问价钱（3）each和everyeach和every都表示“每个，各个”，但each强调个体，作主语时，谓语动词用单数；every强调整体，只能用作定语修饰单数名词，作主语时其谓语动词也要用单数。each可以构成”each of+名词/代词“结构，而every不可以；every可以和not连用构成部分否定，意思是”并不/非个人“，而each则不可以和not连用；表示”每隔.“，”每.“要用”every+基数词+复数名词”结构，在这种结构中的every不能用each代替。如：Each

24、/Every person is living a happy life now.They are very busy.Each of them has something to do.Not every book is educative.=Every book is not educative.We hand in our homework every three days.(4).few,a few,little,a little修饰可数名词复数修饰可数名词复数修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词否定意义few（几乎没有）little（几乎没有）肯定意义a few（有一点儿）a little（有

25、一点儿）如：She is very shy,and she has few fridends.She has a few books about stars.There is little milk in the fridge.I will go and buy some.Dont worry.There is still a little time left.(5)both,all,either,neither,noneboth（两者）都all（三者及以上）都neither（两者）都不 either（两者中）任一none（三者及以上）都不它们常构成固定搭配：both.and.和.都，作主语时

26、，谓语动词用复数。如：Both Tom and Mary are teachers.either,neither,both,all,none均可加of+名词/代词复数。“either/neither+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“both/all+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“none+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。如：Neither of us speaks English.Either of the books is popular with the students.Both of the two boys are cl

27、ever.None of the students has/have an English book.either.or.或者.或者.,作主语时，谓语符合就近一致原则。如：Either you or he is rght.=Either he or you are right.The man is either a doctor or a teacher.neither.nor.既不.也不.,连接并列主语，谓语符合就近一致原则。如：Neither you nor I am good at English.拓展：either用作副词时，意为“也”，用于否定句句末。如：They didnt go

28、to the park yestday.I didnt go there,either.(6)othe,others,the other,the others,another其详细区别见表格：不定代词不定代词意义意义用法说明用法说明other另外的，其他的常与可数名词复数连用，不能单独使用others泛指别的人或物相当于“other+可数名词复数”the other两者中另一个常用于one.the other.的句型中the others特指某一范围内其余的人或物后面不接名词，也不修饰其他词，单独作主语或宾语another（三者及以上）另一个后接可数名词单数，或加“数词+名词复数”如：I wa

29、nt some other books.Some of us like singing and dancing,others go in for sports.He has two daughters.One is a nurse,and the other is a worker.There are only five students in the classroom.Where are the others?I dont like this one.Please show me another one.We still need another ten minutes to finish

30、 the work.相当于ten more minutes二、复合不定代词1.复合不定代词的构成由some，any，every，no与-one，-body，-thing构成的不定代词叫作复合不定代词。2.初中阶段常见的复合不定代词someone，somebody，something；anyone，anybody，anything；everyone，everybody，everything；no one，nobody，nothing3.复合不定代词的用法（1）复合不定代词作主语时，都看作单数，其谓语动词用单数。如：Someone is reading in the classroom.Is ev

31、eryone here today?(2)含-body和-one的复合不定代词用来指人，两者可以互换；含-thing的复合不定代词用来指事物。如：Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.I can hear nothing but your voice.(3)由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词之间的区别与some和any的区别一样，即some-类复合不定代词常用于肯定句，any-类复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。如：There is something wrong with my watch.Do you have anythi

32、ng to say?I didnt go to the movies with anyone.(4)在表示请求、邀请、建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中，常常用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词；any-类复合不定代词用于肯定句时，表示“任何.”之意。如：Would you like something to eat?Asking is ok.(5)当形容词修饰复合不定代词时，形容词要放在复合不定代词之后。如：Did you buy anything special?拓展：代词it和one的区别1.it特指前面提到的同一件事物，用于指代

33、可数名词（同类又同物)如：I have an intesting book.I bought it two weeks ago.指代上文提到的book2.one是泛指，用于指代上文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类但不同物，相当于“a+可数名词单数”。如：I lost my old watch.I want to buy a new one.当one前有形容词修饰时，形容词前必须有冠词或代词指代手表，但不是丢失的那一个知识点六 疑问代词疑问代词是指用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，一般都放在句首。疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what，which等。1.who谁（主格），用于询问人，在句中作主语、

34、表语和宾语。如：Whos going to come here tomorrow?Who are you talking to?2.whom谁（宾格），用于询问人，在句中作宾语。如：Whom are you waiting for?3.whose谁的，who的所有格形式，用于询问所属关系，在句中作定语或表语。如：Whose book is this?=Whose is this book?4.what什么，用于询问事件、东西，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语如：What is on the desk?What is that?What did he say?What color is the p

35、en?5.which哪一个，指在一定范围内的人或物，在句中作主语、定语、宾语。如：Which school are you in?知识点七 相互代词表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。英语中，相互代词有each other和one another，它们在句中通常只用作宾语，两者常可换用。如：We should help each other when we are in trouble.They sat there without talking to one another/each other.注意：相互代词也可以有所有格形式，即each others和one anothers。谢谢观看New Semester，new BeginningLorem ipsum dolor sit amet,please add your text here,lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,please add your text here,lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,please add your text here,lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,please add your text here