2023年英语小升初（初中）语法讲义（含习题）.docx

1、Lesson 1 冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事,相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物,非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示每一相当于every,oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示相同相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were ou

2、tThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.定冠词的用法：1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful anim

3、al.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示一家人或夫妇the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海

4、,山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.零冠词的用法：1专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack,

5、China, love, air2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by a

6、ir, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.注意事项：一、不定冠词a/an的特殊用法1.不定冠词有两种形式，a用在以辅音开头的词前，an用在以元音开头的词前Eg: a man, a university, an egg, an hour2.拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音字母开头，因此，前面要用anAn hour ago,an honest man accepted an honorable task.(一小时前，一

7、位诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务)3.拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音字母开头的单词Eg：useful,university,usual,European,united,one-eyed,one-way(这些单词拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以辅音开头，因此，前面要用a)4.英文字母前用a还是用an的问题，在26个英文字母中，a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的，其余字母则是以辅音开头的二、序数词的特殊用法1.序数词前常用定冠词的情况(1)强调编号和顺序。例如：Autumnisthethirdseasonoftheyear.秋天是一年的第三个季节。Iw

8、illnevergiveup，notevenonthe1,000thor10,000thtry.即使再试一千次、一万次我也不放弃。 (2)序数词本身用作名词(其后无其它名词)。例如：Thefirstisthebestofall.第一个最好。Whowasthefourthintheexamination？谁在这次考试中获得第四名？(3)表示不一定居第一位的，如第二(三)位。例如：Heisthethirdtallestboyinhisclass.他在班上身高排第三。Canadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.加拿大在世界上属第二大国家。2.序数词前用不定冠词

9、的常见情况。(1)表示又(另)一(不侧重顺序)。例如：Nowtellmewhyyoutookasecondarrow.告诉我，为什么你手里拿着另一支箭？MrLu, whoisgoodatmaths, hasbeencalledasecondHuaLuogeng. 李老师擅长数学，他被称为又一个华罗庚。(2)在名次中排第几。例如：Youshouldtrytogetafirstorasecondintheexamination.你应力争在这次考试中得个第一、二名。(3)表示任何一个第几者。例如：Wedontallowathirdtohaveahandinthismatter.我们不允许第三者插手此

10、事。Thisbookreachedmethroughathirdperson.这本书是由第三者转到我手中的。(4)当分数词用到较小的序数词时。例如：Athirdofthestudentsfailedintheexam.有三分之一的学生在这次考试中没及格。当分母较大时宜用one。例如：Anucleusisaboutonethousandbillionththesizeofanatom.原子核的体积大约是原子的一千兆分之一。3.序数词前省去冠词的情况(1)表示日期。例如：IwasbornonNovember(the)17th, 1956. 我出生于1956年11月17日October(the)fi

11、rstisNationalDay.十月一日是国庆节。(2)表示职位。例如：InPhiladelphiatheUnitedStatesofAmericawasborn, andGeorgeWashingtonservedas(the)firstpresident.费城是美国诞生的地方，同时也是乔治华盛顿担任第一任总统的地方。(3)表示等级。例如：Theseareallof(the)seconds.这些都是次品。(4)用于文章标题注释中。例如：Ireadtheadvertisementin(the)21stCentury, anEnglishpaper. 我是在二十一世纪英文报上看到这则广告的。(

12、5)用于某些街道名称中(如street，avenue等)。例如：Helivesin152，(the)8thstreet. 他住在8街152号。4.序数词前不用冠词的情况。(1)在某些习惯用语以及专用名词前。例如：atfirst起先，firstofall首先、第一，firstorlast迟早，fromfirsttolast自始至终，FirstLady(美国)总统夫人。(2)序数词用作副词时。例如：Hisnamestandsfirstonthelist.他名列榜首。TheTempleofHeavenwasfirstbuiltduringtheMingdynasty.天坛始建于明朝。(3)序数记号为

13、名词所有格、物主代词或形容词等所限定时。例如：Fortunatelyforhim，hisfatherssecondwifewaskindtohimtoo.他很幸运，他的继母对他也很慈爱。 MyfirstimpressionofLondonisofrainandfogandpeoplewithumbrellas.伦敦给我的第一印象就是雨、雾和带着伞的人们。(4)由序数词与名词构成的复合形容词。例如：Theyareallsecond-raters.他们都是些平庸之辈。(5)序数词用作名词复数时。例如：Theseareallfirsts.这些都是一等品。即讲即练一、单项选择。( ) 1. Jimmy

14、 bought _ car yesterday, but its_ used one.A. a; a B. a; an C. a, the D. the; an( ) 2. Jack started to work at_ early age because his family was very poor.A. a B. an C. the D.不填( ) 3. There is _ umbrella near the window.A. the B. an C. a D.不填( ) 4. -Whos _ young man with long hair? -Hes a friend of

15、mine.A. a B. the C. an D. his( ) 5. In Nanjing, we stayed at a very nice hotel. But I cant remember_ name of it.A. the B. a C. an D.不填( ) 6. Sandy often takes her dog for_ walk around the lake after supper.A. a B. an C. the D.不填( ) 7.-What was Marc doing when his mother got home yesterday? -He was p

16、laying _ guitar.A. the B. a C. an D. 不填( ) 8. Jack likes playing_ soccer, but he doesnt like playing_ piano.A.不填,不填 B. the, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填, the( ) 9. Look, Simon,_ Walkman that I bought last year isnt working properly.A. a B. an C. the D.不填( ) 10. Dont talk to Tom like that. He is only_ eleven

17、-year-old boy.A. a B. an C. the D.不填( ) 11. -I hear therell be_ talk on teenage problems next Monday.- Do you mean_ talk our teacher asked us to listen to?A. a; the B. a; a C. the; the D. the, a( ) 12. -What would you like, sir?- _ glass of orange juice, please. Thank you.A. A B. An C. The D. 不填( )

18、13. -I knocked over my tea cup. It went right over _ keyboard.-You shouldnt put drinks near _computer.A. the,不填 B. the, a C. a,不填 D. a, a( ) 14. What is_ address of your new school? I can post it to you.A. a B. the C. an D. 不填( ) 15. The rich man has bought two cars. But he want to buy a _one this w

19、eek.A.third B.second C.three D.不填( ) 16.-Do you know _ boy over there? -Yes, he likes playing _ basketball very much.A. the; 不填 B. a; theC. a; 不填D. the; a( ) 17.-What do you know about kite surfing? -It is _ exciting water sport. A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 18.-Does your father go to work by _ car eve

20、ry day? -No, he sometimes takes _ bus.A. A; the B. the; a C. 不填; a D. a; 不填( ) 19.Some small shops in Britain usually close for _ hour at _ lunchtime.A. an; the B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. an; 不填( ) 20. Reading can make you become _ expert and change your life.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填二、填空题,在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不

21、需用冠词处划。1.There is_ picture of_elephant on_wall.2.This is _useful book. Ive read it for_hour.3. _elephant is much heavier than_horse.4._doctor told him to take_medicine three times_day.5. Lets go out for_walk.6. Its too hot. Open_door, please.7.There is_woman over there. _woman is Meimeis mother.8. _

22、sun rises in_east.9._Changjiang River is _longest river in_China.10. Are you going to do it_second time?11. Washington is_capital of_ USA.12._Turners are living at the end of_Turner Street.13. He joined the army in _spring of_1995.14.Shes_American girl.15.After I had_quick breakfast, I hurried to sc

23、hool.16. Are_sheep kept by_farmers for producing_ meat?17. They went to_Peoples Park, but we both went to_Peoples Cinema yesterday.18.I often watch_TV in_evening. 19. _day of_December 20, 1999 is Monday.20. Tomorrow is _Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _Christmas tree today.课后巩固一、单项选

24、择。( ) 1.-DoesJimhave_ruler? -Yes, hehas_.A. an; some B. a; one C. a; / D. any; one( ) 2.Thereis_oldbike._oldbikeisMrZhaos.A.an;The B. the; An C. a; The D. the; The( )3._appleadaykeepsthedoctorsaway.A. The B.A C. An D. Two( )4.-Howmanybooksdoyouhave?-Ihave_book. Thats_Englishbook.A. a; an B. a; one C

25、. one; an D. one; one( ) 5.AtthattimeTomwas_one-year-oldbaby.A. a B.an C. the D. /( ) 6._tigeris_China.A. The; a B. A; the C. The; from D. The; the( ) 7.Wecantsee_sunat_night.A. the; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; /( ) 8._usefulbookitis!A. Whatan B. Howa C. Whata D. What( ) 9.Oneafternoonhefound_handba

26、g. Therewas_sonthecornerof_handbag.A. a; an; the B. a; a; the C. an; an; an D. the; a; a( ) 10._oldladywithwhitehairspoke_Englishwellat_ meeting.A. An; an; a B. The; /; an C. The; /; a D. The; /; the( ) 11._GreatWallis_longestwallintheworld.A. A; a B. The; the C. A; the D. The; a( ) 12._newbridgehas

27、beenbuiltoverHuangpuRiver.A. The; a B.A; / C. A; the D. An; the( ) 13._womanoverthereis_popularteacherinourschool.A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the( ) 14.Heusedtobe_teacherbutlaterheturned_writer.A. a; a B. a; the C./;a D. a; /( ) 15.Theymadehim_king.A. a B. the C.an D./( ) 16.-I can play _ p

28、iano. -Wow, youre so great.A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 17.-Do you often play _ piano? -Yes. I want to be _ musician like Lang Lang. A. the; a B. a; the C. the; an D. /; a( ) 18.-Have you seen _ film where are we going, Daddy? -Yes, its quite _ interesting film so that I have seen it twice. A. a; the B

29、. the; anC. a; an D. the; the( )19.Dannys grandmother is ill in _ hospital. Hell go there to see her after school.A.an B. the C. a D. /( ) 20.The Whites have planned to visit _ Great wall in China.A. the B.an C. a D. /二、 填空题,在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不需用冠词处划。1. _ milk is food. _ milk in this cup has gone bad.2

30、. -Do you like playing _ football?-Yes. But I have only _ basketball.3. Do you know _girl on _another side of _ lake?4. Theres _ u and _ s in _work use.5. She says _animals cants live without _air, either.6. His father, who is _honest man, is teaching in _ university.7. Which is heavier, _elephant o

31、r _ horse?8. _ cold wind was blowing from the north.9. He is always ready to help _ old and _ young.10. _ Greens are traveling in _ South China.Lesson 2 现在进行时一、 现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是现在，动作目前的状态是正在进行中。情况变化原形-ing形式一般动词加+ingwash-washingread-reading以不发音字母e结尾的动词去掉e，再加+ingmake-makingwrite-writinguse-using以重读闭音节结

32、尾的动词且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后的辅音字母，再加+ingrun-runningswim-swimmingput-putting以ie结尾的动词改ie为y，再加+inglie-lyingdie-dyingtie-tying以c结尾的动词变c为ck，再加+ingpicnic ee_ buy_ eat _picnickingtraffictrafficking(例外:arc作弧形运动，arcing)1.现在进行时的构成肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 动词inge.g They are cleaning the house.他们在打扫屋子。1.They are _（eat）the lu

33、nch.他们正在吃午餐。否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词inge.g She is not dancing.她不是在跳舞。 1.He is _(read).他没有在看书。疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 +动词inge.g Are you leaving already? 你这么早就要走了吗?肯定回答：Yes，主语 + am/is/are. Yes，I am.否定回答：No，主语 + am/is/are + not. No，I am not.1._ you _（listen）to music? Yes, I am.疑问代词/疑问副词 + am/is/are + 主

34、语 +动词inge.g Who are you waiting for?你在等谁？ 1._你在干什么？1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作常和now连用，有时和动词如look，listen等连用，表示“现在”这一概念：Listen! Birds are singing.听!鸟在歌唱。Look! he train is just getting into the station.看!火车进站啦。1. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries练习一、用现在进行时完成下列句子:1.What_y

35、ou_(do)? 2.I_(sing) an English song.3.What_he_(mend)? 4.He_(mend) a car.5._you_(fly) a kite? Yes,_. 6._she_(sit) in the boat?7._you_(ask) questions? 8.We_(play) games now.二、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim_ make_ go_study_ write_ read_ have_ sing_dance_ put_ see_ buy_ eat_ 三、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1. The boy _ (

36、draw) a picture now. 2. Listen! Some girls _ (sing) in the classroom. 3. My mother _ (cook) some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ (do) now? 5. Look! They _ (have) an English lesson. 6. What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 7. Its 5 oclock now. We _ (have) supper now 8. _Tom_(cook )

37、 lunch? Yes, he is. 四、选择填空 1. What are you _ now? A. doing B. do C. does 2. I am _ English. A. learn B. learns C. learning 3. She _ dancing now. A is B are C am 4. Kate is _. A. running B. running C. run 5. Look! The rabbit is _. A. jumping B. jump C. jumps 6. What _ they doing now? - 4 - A. is B. a

38、m C. are 五、 翻译 1. 听，有人在教室里唱歌。 _2. 那个男孩正在喝牛奶。 _ 3. 我弟弟现在没有在写作业，他正在看电视。 _ 4. 你妈妈正在做饭吗？ _Lesson 3 一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一、一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。二、一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语 be(am, is, are) 其它。如：