X线摄影基础理论课件.ppt
- 【下载声明】
1. 本站全部试题类文档,若标题没写含答案,则无答案;标题注明含答案的文档,主观题也可能无答案。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
2. 本站全部PPT文档均不含视频和音频,PPT中出现的音频或视频标识(或文字)仅表示流程,实际无音频或视频文件。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
3. 本页资料《X线摄影基础理论课件.ppt》由用户(晟晟文业)主动上传,其收益全归该用户。163文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对该用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上传内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知163文库(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!
4. 请根据预览情况,自愿下载本文。本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
5. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007及以上版本和PDF阅读器,压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 摄影 基础理论 课件
- 资源描述:
-
1、X线物理基础线物理基础江汉大学卫生技术学院医学影像系X线物理基础线物理基础 pX线的产生线的产生pX线产生的原理线产生的原理pX线的本质与特性线的本质与特性pX线与物质相互作用线与物质相互作用pX线质、线质、X线量与线量与X线强度线强度pX线的吸收与衰减线的吸收与衰减X线的产生线的产生nX线的发现及简史线的发现及简史nX线的产生线的产生nX线产生的条件线产生的条件Wilhelm RoentgenoIn October of 1895,Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen(1845-1923)who was professor of physics and the director o
2、f the Physical Institute of the University of Warburg,became interested in the work of Hillorf,Crookes,Hertz,and Leonard.The previous June,he had obtained a Leonard tube from Muller and had already repeated some of the original experiments that Leonard had created.He had observed the effects Leonard
3、 had as he produced cathode rays in free air.Wilhelm RoentgenoHe became so fascinated that he decided to forego his other studies and concentrate solely on the production of cathode rays.One Friday evening,on November 8,1895,he worked alone in his laboratory.It was the beginning of the weekend and a
4、ll of his assistants had gone home.Wilhelm RoentgenoHe had set up his experiment using a Crookes tube fitted with an anode and cathode,separated from each other by a few centimeters in the tube.He used a Rhumkoff induction coil to produce a difference of potential of a few thousand volts,knowing tha
5、t a stream of charged particles would originate in the cathode and would be attracted to the anode.Wilhelm RoentgenoThe laboratory Roentgen worked in that evening was very similar to all other laboratories of those who worked before him,but the conditions that existed that evening varied in three ve
6、ry important ways.His laboratory was dark,his tube was covered with a light-proof cardboard jacket and a screen of fluorescent material lay on a table a few feet away from the apparatus.Wilhelm RoentgenoWhile passing the discharge,he suddenly noticed a shimmering light on the table top.He could not
7、believe his eyes,so he again repeated the experiment.He released the discharge many times producing the same results each time.Greatly excited,he realized that the green fluorescence was emanating from the screen.He repeated the experiment again,this time moving the screen further and further away a
8、nd he still received the same results.Wilhelm RoentgenoRoentgen knew the fluorescence could not be produced by the cathode rays since it was well known that they could not penetrate through the wall of the tube.Visible light could not be the stimulus since the tube was covered with a shield which wa
9、s opaque to light.He boldly hypothesized that he must have been producing some unknown type of radiation。Wilhelm RoentgenoRoentgen spent the next eight weeks in his laboratory repeating his experiments.He ate and even slept in his laboratory as he attempted to determine if the rays could penetrate s
10、ubstances besides the air.He placed various objects between the tube and screen and he found that the screen still fluoresced but with different intensities depending on the material being used.Wilhelm RoentgenoWhen he placed a lead disk,which he was holding,in the cathode ray path he was astonished
11、 to find the shadow of the round circle appeared on the screen along with the outline of his thumb and forefinger and within them the bones of his hand!He replaced the screen with a photographic plate and employed his wife Bertha(Frau Roentgen)to place her hand on the photographic plate while he dir
12、ected the rays at it for fifteen minutes.Wilhelm RoentgenoRoentgen hurriedly prepared his notes so that his first report On a New Kind of Rays could be published in the Proceedings of the Physical Medical Society of Wurburg on December 28,1895.Not knowing what these emanations were he uses the term
13、x-ray to describe the rays he was producing.Wilhelm RoentgenoLater,in 1896,he accepted the Rumford gold medal of the Royal Society and in 1901 he would be the first to receive the Nobel Prize for physics,but he bequeathed the Nobel prize money to scientific research at Wurzburg.X线的发现及简史线的发现及简史 o1895
14、年年11月月8日日,德国物理学家威廉德国物理学家威廉康拉德康拉德伦琴伦琴(WCRontgen)发现了)发现了X射线射线;当年当年12月月22日伦日伦琴利用琴利用X线拍摄了夫人手的照片线拍摄了夫人手的照片,这是人类历史上第这是人类历史上第一张揭示人体内部结构的影像。一张揭示人体内部结构的影像。o1896年年X线就开始应用于医学线就开始应用于医学,至今它经历了至今它经历了X线的线的医学应用、医学应用、X线诊断学的建立以及医学影像学的逐线诊断学的建立以及医学影像学的逐步形成三个阶段步形成三个阶段.伦琴及第一张伦琴及第一张X线照片线照片X线的产生线的产生oX线的产生是能量转换的结果。线的产生是能量转换
15、的结果。X线在线在X线线管中产生,当管中产生,当X线管两极间加有高电压时,线管两极间加有高电压时,阴极灯丝发散出的电子就获得了能量,以阴极灯丝发散出的电子就获得了能量,以高速运动冲向阳极。由于阳极的阻止,使高速运动冲向阳极。由于阳极的阻止,使电子骤然减速电子骤然减速,约约98%的动能产生热量的动能产生热量,2%动能转换为动能转换为X线。线。X线产生的条件线产生的条件nX线产生必须具备以下线产生必须具备以下3个条件个条件:p电子源电子源p高速电子的产生高速电子的产生p电子的骤然减速电子的骤然减速灯丝加灯丝加热获得热获得定向直流高压;定向直流高压;维持管内真空维持管内真空阳极靶阳极靶X线的产生示意
16、图线的产生示意图X线机原理图线机原理图X线产生的原理线产生的原理oX线产生的原理,就是高速电子和阳极靶物质的原子相互作线产生的原理,就是高速电子和阳极靶物质的原子相互作用中能量转换的结果,这是一个复杂的过程。用中能量转换的结果,这是一个复杂的过程。oX线的产生是利用了靶物质的线的产生是利用了靶物质的3种特性:即核电场、轨道电子种特性:即核电场、轨道电子结合能和原子存在于最低能级的需要。结合能和原子存在于最低能级的需要。o诊断使用的诊断使用的X线有两种不同的放射方式线有两种不同的放射方式:n连续放射连续放射n特性放射。特性放射。连续放射连续放射o连续放射又称为韧致放射连续放射又称为韧致放射,是高
展开阅读全文