母猪场的配种妊娠舍设计-minimizer课件精美版.pptx

1、Entrance area:shoes off入口：脱鞋入口：脱鞋Shower in/shower out 洗澡进出洗澡进出Office area/lunch room/utility room办公室办公室/午餐室午餐室/水电房水电房Multiple Farrowing rooms:24 to 60 crate rooms多间产房多间产房:24-60产床产床/间间Breeding/gestation 1200 to 3000 crates buildings配种妊娠舍配种妊娠舍:1200-1300妊娠栏妊娠栏/栋栋Gilt development unit(GDU)on-site and of

2、f-site后备猪培育舍在场内后备猪培育舍在场内 或或 场外场外All rooms connected by hallways(once inside no outside exit allowed)所有房间均以通道相连所有房间均以通道相连(进入后进入后不能出去不能出去)All facilities mechanically ventilated所有设施均机械通风Fans and inlets风扇与进风口Fans,inlets,tunneled ventilated with cool cells风扇、进风口、隧道式通风结合水帘Ventilation systems design for-26

3、 C to 38 C工作温度设计为-26 C to 38 CBiosecurity measures strictly followed 严格遵守生物安全规定严格遵守生物安全规定Deep pit barns are typical 深池式是标准深池式是标准*Each nursery and finishing building may be on a separate site.每处保育育肥场都可能在不同地点 Site 1:Breeding/Gestation/Farrowing第1点:配种妊娠分娩Site 2:Nursery第2点:保育 Site 3:Finishing第3点:育肥3-sit

4、e Production:Each Week with Separate Site三点生产：每周的猪都在不同场Finishing 12 rooms of 500160 days at marketing12间500头育肥,160天出栏Example:To Produce 500 Pigs per Week 例：每周生产500头4 Farrowing Rooms 56 crates each四间产房:每间56床7 Nurseries of 500 7 weeks七间500头保育舍Each Week one nursery of 500 pigs is moved to one finisher

5、of 500 pigs 每周转出一间500保育至育肥Each Week one farrowing room of 56 crates is weaned to fill a nursery 每周断奶56套产床Breeding/Gestation 1255 breeding females+gilt pool配种妊娠：1255头繁殖母猪+后备群4Pigs/wkPigs/wk头头/周周Breeding Breeding FemalesFemales1 1繁殖母猪繁殖母猪Farrowing Farrowing CratesCrates产床产床Nursery Nursery RoomsRooms保育

6、舍保育舍Finishing Finishing RoomsRooms2 2育肥舍育肥舍Pigs/yearPigs/year头头/年年25062811271212,000500125522471224,0001000251144871248,0002000508899671296,00051 Breeding Females does not include gilt pool 繁殖母猪不含后备2 If wean/finish used,total rooms=18如果用保育育肥一体舍，总舍数为18Assumptions:假定Average weaning age=26 days 平均断奶日龄=

7、26天7 weeks in nursery保育7周160 days to market160日龄上市9.5 pigs weaned/liter9.5头断奶/窝4 days breeding/group 4天配种/批5 days to 1st service至第一次发情5天5%post-weaning mortality 断奶后死亡率5%Sow Farm Example Layout 母猪场样例612345678Farm Office&Shower-in Facility办公室及洗办公室及洗澡设施澡设施Example to produce 1000 pigs/week 每周产1000头 2168

8、 sow crates+active gilt pool 母猪栏2168头+可用后备群 448 farrowing crates448产床GDU后备猪培育舍Breeding/Gestation配种妊娠舍Farrowing分娩舍Loadout 出猪口Perimeter Fence围栏Water System 饮水448 farrowing crates448产床办公室/午餐室/水电房2 Variable-Speed Fans&2 Single-Speed Fans 两台变速风机 加 两台单速风机Counter-weighted Bi-flo Inlet反重力式双向风口Reduce cold-ai

9、r drop 减少“冷气团”Monitor and control air temperature well 测温及控制好Dr Rick Stowell,Extension Ag Engineer,University of NebraskaGroup Management 大群管理South Dakota State University2 Variable-Speed Fans&2 Single-Speed Fans 两台变速风机 加 两台单速风机Cool cell on one end and sides一端侧为水帘Existing fans not providing enough a

10、irflow52 meters/second(m/s)期望风速:1.Assumptions:假定Thermal Neutral Zone,Upper&Lower Critical Temperatures温度适中区、高临界温度、低临界温度Differential 4Nursery RoomsPlace for even air distribution2511 sows+50 active gilts 2511头母猪头母猪+50 可用后备可用后备Farrowing 8 rooms of 56 crate or 17 rooms with 28 crates 产房：8间56产床，或17间28产床

11、Gestation/Breeding 2165 crates配种妊娠-2165限位栏Gilt Developer 后备猪培育设施后备猪培育设施89Types of mating systems配种方式配种方式Hand mating 手助Pen mating大栏Artificial insemination 人工授精Facilities 设施设施Environmentally controlled-individual crates环境控制-个体定位Environmentally controlled pens环境控制-大栏Open lots in groups 按批开放位Deep bedded

12、 structures-group housing厚垫料-大群Fully-Crated,Partially Slatted Gestation Facility全限位、部分漏缝地板全限位、部分漏缝地板 妊娠舍妊娠舍18.3 m44.5 m210 Crates in shown areaConcrete Slatted Floor over a manure guttter 粪沟上漏缝粪沟上漏缝地板地板10Evaporative Pad Cooler Issues水帘降温器的问题As Always,Inlets Are KeyTrough or Nipples?槽?饮水器?Summary 结语P

13、en With Iso-wean Pigs栏内同期断奶仔猪Weighted or Velocity Inlets 重力控制进风口Cool cell on one end and sides一端侧为水帘aerotech-inc.2)Producing desired air exchange(m3/sec/hd)Full mechanical 全机械通风Supplemental Cooling额外制冷Exhaust Fans全限位、部分漏缝地板 妊娠舍4 cm drain pipe03 m/s is the maximum allowable velocity through a 15.Mild

14、 Weather rate=85 m3/hr sowImpacted areaSprinklers喷淋器Heat Stress and the Breeding Herd热应激和繁殖猪群Port of entry for fresh air 新风进气口Weight体重Optimum最佳 Range范围 Litter-newborn新生窝仔35 C32-38 CVentilation Strategies通风系统类型1200 head facility 1200头舍头舍6-row barn 6列式18.3 x 127 米meters longCool cell on one end and si

15、des and fans on the other end一端侧为水帘，另一端风机8-row barn 8列式24.4 x 95 米meters longCool cell on one end and sides一端侧为水帘 2400 head facility2400头舍头舍24.4 x 190 米meters longCool cells on both ends and fans in the middle 水帘在两端，风机在中间Crate Size 限位栏尺寸限位栏尺寸Sows成母猪 0.61 m by 2.15 mGilts青年母 0.59 m by 2.15 mWater Sys

16、tem 饮水饮水Trough or Nipples?槽?饮水器?Alleys 过道过道0.61 m to 0.9 at rear of sow 母猪后0.9 to 1.22 m in front of sow 母猪前120.61 meters(m)width x 2.13 m in lengthLarger stalls are making their way onto the market 大栏正进入大栏正进入市场市场Approx.42 days in stalls 42天在限位栏里天在限位栏里15Recessed 下沉式Surface Mounted 地表式Nipples 饮水器10.2

17、 to 12.7 厘米宽厘米宽centimeters(cm)in width2.54 cm to 3.17 cm.slot opening 缝隙缝隙Pencil rounded edges 圆角圆角Compressive strength316 kg-force/cm2耐压强度耐压强度316 kg力力/cm210 to 12 sows per pen or greater than 100 每栏每栏10-12头或超过头或超过100头头1.86 to 2.06平米平米/头头 square meters/sow6/9/04-J.HarmonFeed DropsFeed Drops(floor)Tr

18、ickle FeedingStatic Groups静态群静态群10 sows per pen10头/栏Up to 35 to 40 sows至35-40头Dynamic Groups 动态群动态群80 to 200 sows80-200头Mixing each week 每周混群Different production phases不同生产期Tendency of smaller litters产自数减少的倾向6/9/04-J.HarmonStatic Groups are rarely possible 静静态群很难实现态群很难实现Considerations 考虑因素考虑因素House

19、bred gilts separate,mix after farrowing 单独放置已配后备，分娩后混合Add at least 10 percent 最少增加10%Presence of a mature boar limits fighting放入一头成年公猪可防止打斗6/9/04-J.HarmonTypes of mating systems配种方式Powered Inlets 动力控制进风口Weighted or Velocity Inlets 重力控制进风口Different production phases不同生产期1200头母猪=40,800 m3/hrTunnel-Ven

20、tilated Gestation Barn w/Evaporative Cooling Pads带水帘的隧道式通风妊娠舍Trough or Nipples?槽?饮水器?Thank you for your time!感谢您花时间来听讲！Sizing Tunnel Ventilation:Grow-Finish 隧道式通风的计算：生长育肥舍Office area/lunch room/utility room61 meters(m)width x 2.All facilities mechanically ventilatedExisting fans not providing enough

21、 airflowA 5040 m3/Hour ActuatedCeiling Inlet 5040m3/小时 可控天花板进风口1200 head facility 1200头舍4 m wide barn with 1200 head5 pigs weaned/liter9.68 m3/hourEnvironmentally controlled pensCurtain(bottom up)is the average humidity in the afternoonNanning and all南宁等等800 sow unit 800头母猪群头母猪群Individual gestation

22、sow stalls(0.61 m x 2.13 m)母猪个体限位栏母猪个体限位栏 Large 50-60 sow group pens(6.7 m x 12.8 m)with electronic feeding stations50-60头电子饲喂大栏头电子饲喂大栏(6.7 m x 12.8 m)All sows maintained on fully slatted floors都是全漏缝地板都是全漏缝地板 Frequency of injuries,stress hormone levels and the level of aggression is higher in ESF gr

23、oup housed sows compared to stall housed sows电子饲喂母猪受伤频率、应激激素水平、攻击性高于限位栏电子饲喂母猪受伤频率、应激激素水平、攻击性高于限位栏母猪母猪Most of the aggression in the ESF system was related to the mixing of sows and feeder entry电子饲喂母猪受的攻击性与混群、入料位有关电子饲喂母猪受的攻击性与混群、入料位有关Bite injuries to the vulva and legs and more substantial injuries to

24、 the legs and feet for sows housed in groups compared to stall housed sows.电子饲喂母猪外阴咬伤、肢体伤均较多电子饲喂母猪外阴咬伤、肢体伤均较多 Target Temperature Ranges for Growing and Adult Pigs生长猪-成年猪的目标温度范围Heat Stress and the Breeding HerdJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebHeat StressLitters affected by heat stress on sowsReduced boar f

25、ertilityLitters affected by reduced boar fertilityLevis,19806月月7月月8月月9月月10月月11月月12月月1月月2月月热应激 公猪繁殖力下降 窝仔因公猪繁殖力下降而受害窝仔因母猪热应激而受害City城市城市January 1月月July 7月月Nanning南宁9.8 to 16 oC25 to 32 oC with 70%R.H.Xian 西安-4.4 to 4.4 oC21 to 32 oC with 58%R.H.Beijing 北京-8.0 to 1.0 oC22 to 30 oC with 70%R.H.Shenyang

26、沈阳-13 to-4 oC 19 to 28 oC with 70%R.H.Note:Temperatures are average ranges for the month and Relative Humidity(R.H.)is the average humidity in the afternoon 温度是月度平均，相对湿度是下午平均Cold weather Minimum Xian,Beijing,Shenyang寒冷气候最低通风量：西安、北京、沈阳Mild weather温和气候温和气候Nanning and all南宁等等Hot weather炎热气候炎热气候All area

27、s 所有Small(136 kg)小Group Management 大群管理A mechanical scraper removes manure 机械刮粪Breeding Stalls 配种栏Fans Used for Distributing Air 导流风扇2 meters long四孔1.Example:To Produce 500 Pigs per Week 例：每周生产500头run-by on curtain high static pressure(2 meters/second(m/s)air velocity through the pad1200 females x 0

28、.12 cubic meters/sec.=144 m3/sec.Or 518,400 m3/hour for 1200 females 1200头母猪风量头母猪风量Total pad area=144 m3/sec./2.03 m/s=71.0 m2 水帘面积水帘面积Total pad length=71.0 m2/1.82 m pad height=39.0 meters水帘长度水帘长度Note:2.03 m/s is the maximum allowable velocity through a 15.2 cm thick pad 15.2cm厚的水帘最大风速不应超过厚的水帘最大风速不

29、应超过2.03m/sEx.For a 24.4 m wide barn with 1200 head capacity place a 1.8 m x 23 m cool cell on end-wall and a 1.8 m x 8m cool cell along each side wall 24.4m宽的宽的1200母猪舍一端母猪舍一端1.8 m x 23 m、侧墙各有侧墙各有1.8 m x 8m水帘水帘Uneven Wetting 湿润不匀湿润不匀Water Quality 水质问题水质问题Algae growth use dilution of copper sulfate藻类生

30、长-用硫酸铜稀释液Mineral deposits 矿物积聚Routinely drain 10-15%定期空净Alternative muratic acid or vinegar in water其他-酸化剂Covers 盖子盖子Static pressure control point 控制静压点Winter冬天http:/www.aerotech- air drawn through wet pads 空气吸入湿帘Air evaporates water from pads 上面的水分蒸发Temp reduced降温Moisture increased 适度增加Temperature

31、decrease until RH nears 85%.湿度85%以下降温When incoming air humid(RH 70%),air temp decrease only 2.6 to 5.3 C 进入的空气湿度(RH 70%)时，降温 2.6 to 5.3 CWhen incoming air relatively dry(55%RH),air temp reduction may be 8 C or more.进入的空气湿度(55%RH),时，降温 8CSo far so good for boar studs8 meters above the dunging areaAct

32、uated Bi-flo Inlet 动力式双向风口Deep bedded structures-group housing316 kg-force/cm2Ventilation Strategies通风系统类型Existing fans not providing enough airflowManure is stored beneath the building 粪尿储于舍内地下Must be effective opening 必须是有效开口Uneven Wetting 湿润不匀提高相对湿度而减弱蒸发作用通常600-1200头Total for 1200 head building=7

33、4 m2For a 24.Full natural 全自然通风Why do I need good air distribution?我们为什么需要空气分布良好Considers conditions in different locations要考虑不同地点的条件生成期望的换气率(m3/秒/头)Environmental Factors and Ventilation Options环境因素与通风选择1200头母猪=40,800 m3/hrHeaters 取暖器Gilt Developer 后备猪培育设施33.3 C22.8 C26.1 C29.4 C外部气温外部相对湿度Full tunne

34、l ventilation first先开启隧道式通风先开启隧道式通风Minimum outside temperature your system specifies?最低外部温度最低外部温度-你的参数？你的参数？Minimum rate=34 m3/hr sow最低通风量最低通风量=34 m3/hr 母猪母猪Total for 1200 head building=40,800 m3/hr 1200头母猪=40,800 m3/hr Mild Weather rate=85 m3/hr sow温和气候通风量温和气候通风量=85 m3/hr 母猪母猪Total for 1200 head bu

35、ilding=102,000 m3/hr1200头母猪=102,000 m3/hrSummer rate=425 m3/hr sow(w/evap cooling)夏季通风量夏季通风量=425 m3/hr-母猪母猪Total 1200 head building=510,000 m3/hr1200头母猪=510,000 m3/hrEvaporative pads水帘水帘Provide 1 m2 per 6900 m3/hr 每6900 m3/hr用1米Total for 1200 head building=74 m21200头母猪用74米64Evaporating water from sk

36、in surface is most effective cooling system for swine水从皮肤表明蒸发，有最好的降温效果水从皮肤表明蒸发，有最好的降温效果Water needs to be properly placed and at the correct flow rate水需要有适宜的使用地点，水流率要正确水需要有适宜的使用地点，水流率要正确Increased air speed&lower humidity greatly increase evaporative heat loss增加风速并降低湿度，可大大加强蒸发降温增加风速并降低湿度，可大大加强蒸发降温Spri

37、nklers for G-F pigs&drippers for sows对生长肥育猪进行喷淋，对母猪进行滴水对生长肥育猪进行喷淋，对母猪进行滴水Filter all incoming air through the air inlets and cool cells,if applicable.所有通过进风口、水帘进舍的空气都进行过滤所有通过进风口、水帘进舍的空气都进行过滤Provide approximately 0.12 cubic meters per second(m3/sec.)or 250 cubic feet per minute(cfm)of airflow per boar

38、 or sow during hot weather conditions炎热气候每头公猪或母猪提供炎热气候每头公猪或母猪提供 250立方英尺立方英尺/分钟的气流分钟的气流Maintain boar,sow and worker comfort and productivity保持公母猪及员工的舒适保持公母猪及员工的舒适Seal all unplanned openings所有无用缝隙都封上所有无用缝隙都封上The high static pressures created by the filters on fan performance(50 Pascals)空气过滤器静压空气过滤器静压(

39、50帕帕)造成的风扇效率降低造成的风扇效率降低Existing fans not providing enough airflowwith the higher static pressures静压高，现有的风扇不能提供足够的气流静压高，现有的风扇不能提供足够的气流Filtration box construction and installation空气过滤器的安装与建造空气过滤器的安装与建造Hot weather cooling夏季降温问题夏季降温问题Does the present ventilation system meet industry standards?目前是否满足了行业通

40、风要求？目前是否满足了行业通风要求？What types,sizes,and quality of filters are needed?过滤器的种类、尺寸、质量？过滤器的种类、尺寸、质量？What will happen to overall ventilation system performance when filters are put in place?安装过滤器之后通风系统怎样？安装过滤器之后通风系统怎样？How much will it cost to install a complete filtration system?全过滤系统多少成本？全过滤系统多少成本？What i

41、s the longevity of the filters under these conditions?这种条件下过滤器的寿命？这种条件下过滤器的寿命？What types of ventilation system facilitates filtration哪种通风系统更有利于过滤？哪种通风系统更有利于过滤？Static pressure effects on the ventilation system静压对通风的影响？静压对通风的影响？MERV-16 filters vs.MERV-14 filters(MERV:minimum efficiency reporting value

42、)哪种过滤器？哪种过滤器？MERV-16还是还是MERV-14？Antimicrobial filtration 抗菌过滤器抗菌过滤器Weight体重Optimum最佳 Range范围 Litter-newborn新生窝仔35 C32-38 CVentilating Grow/Finish Units生长育肥舍的通风Target Temperature Ranges for Growing and Adult Pigs生长猪-成年猪的目标温度范围Nursery Rooms057m3/sec/hd=57 m3/sec 1.Full tunnel ventilation firstin stall

43、s 42天在限位栏里Individual gestation sow stalls(0.Fans and inlets风扇与进风口Wean-to-Finish Facility Design保育育肥一体舍设计2 Variable-Speed Fans&2 Single-Speed Fans 两台变速风机 加 两台单速风机448 farrowing crates448产床21 to 32 oC with 58%R.82 m pad height=39.Usually talk about airflow patterns我们通常讨论的是“气流模式”Drip Cooling for Sows母猪的

44、滴水降温South Dakota State UniversityPoor air distribution:some fans can always be on,but they must be re-oriented(along ceiling)for colder weather.Filtration box construction and installationSouth Dakota State UniversityStage m3/hrCritical periods关键时期4 Min3 MinCurtain(bottom up)Three rows 24”x24”Filter

45、 DOP 95 MERV 16Existing Evap CoolerExisting InletsAir Filtration SystemsAdd Push Fans?at 0.50 inchesOr High Pressure Exhaust Fans?Or have enough filter area for conventional Exhaust Fans at 0.20 inches of pressure?1.8 meter high cool cellIt is feasible from a ventilation standpoint to install a filt

46、ration system从通风的角度考虑，可以使用过滤器从通风的角度考虑，可以使用过滤器Cost of filtration is influencing decision makers过滤的成本影响决策过滤的成本影响决策So far so good for boar studs 公猪站目前不错公猪站目前不错Apply good design practices使用良好设计规范使用良好设计规范Understand the effects of static pressure on the ventilation system了解静压对通风的影响了解静压对通风的影响Use high quali

47、ty filters that have been tested against the PRRS virus使用经过检测的过滤器使用经过检测的过滤器Work in progress不断改进不断改进New facility being built with MERV-14 filters 新猪舍用新猪舍用MERV-14Deep pit 深池式深池式Manure is stored beneath the building 粪尿储于舍内地下Scraper 刮粪式刮粪式A mechanical scraper removes manure 机械刮粪Pull Plug 拔塞式拔塞式Manure is

48、 stored in shallow gutters(0.6 to 0.9m)and plug is pulled to release manure to outside storages 粪尿储藏在(0.6 to 0.9m)浅沟内，拔塞释放之涉外储藏Flush冲水式冲水式High volumes of liquid rinses manure from beneath the slat漏缝板下用大量水冲洗8018 meters(两端出口两端出口)(一端出口一端出口)Shallow gutters are typically 0.61 to 0.9 m deep 25.4 cm drain

49、pipeCrated Systems 限位栏Producing desired airspeed(meters/sec.316 kg-force/cm25 pigs weaned/liter9.Drip Cooling for Sows母猪的滴水降温Control fan speed 速度控制进入的空气湿度(55%RH),时，降温 8COptions Feeding 给料方式29 0C猪的体重一达到20千克，就会在温度21以上时感到热应激，气温高于29就会发生损失sidewall openings for natural ventilation.Space to utilize throwLi

50、tter-3 weeks3周龄窝 28 C24-30 CDr Rick Stowell,Extension Ag Engineer,University of NebraskaExhaust FansSingle Wide 单体风向对边墙帘子猪舍中气流的影响Humidity?湿度？Impact of Relative Humidity onEffectiveness of Evaporative Cooling相对湿度对水帘降温效果的影响办公室/午餐室/水电房Natural Ventilation with Chimneys用通风筒排气的自然通风Fan Capacity风扇能力=x-secti