人教八年级下语法课：动词四大时态(一现、一过、一将、现进)和主将、情、祈从现 课件.ppt

1、动词四大时态（一现、一过、动词四大时态（一现、一过、一将、现进）和（主将一将、现进）和（主将/情情/祈从祈从现现)语法课语法课1.主将从现主将从现2.主情从现主情从现3.主祈从现主祈从现一般现在时一般现在时1考点突破1.1.一般现在时的构成一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则动词也要用第果主语是第三人称单数，则动词也要用第三人称单数形式。动词第三人称单数的构三人称单数形式。动词第三人称单数的构成方式如下：成方式如下：构成方法构成方法例词例词一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-sworkworks；spendspends在以在以s，z，

2、ch，sh，x等字母等字母结尾的动词之结尾的动词之后加后加-espasspasses；washwashes；teachteaches；mixmixes以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的动词只在结尾的动词只在e后加后加-swritewrites；riderides以以“辅音字母辅音字母y”结尾的动词，变结尾的动词，变y为为i，再加再加-esstudystudies；trytries以以o结尾的动词，在词尾加结尾的动词，在词尾加-esdodoes；gogoes2 2.一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法 (1)(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与ofte

3、noften，alwaysalways，usuallyusually，sometimessometimes，once a weekonce a week，every every day/.day/.等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用。如：等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用。如：I often go to school by bike.我经常骑车去上学。(2)(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。如：表示客观事实或普遍真理。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。时态时态用法用法谓语构成谓语构成常用的时间状语常用的时间状语一般一般现在现在时态时态1.表示现在表示现在经常性

4、、反经常性、反复性的状态复性的状态或动作或动作2.客观事实客观事实和真理和真理1.be动词作动词作谓 语 用谓 语 用 a m/is/are表语表语2.实义动词实义动词作谓语用动作谓语用动词原形或第词原形或第三人称单数三人称单数often，sometimes，usually，always，never，twice a month，on Sundays，every day/week/month/year表格更直观，快速复制到大脑中表格更直观，快速复制到大脑中即学即练即学即练()1.Nancy _ a doctor now.Ais Bwas Cis being Dwill()2.The Greens

5、 _ evevy evening.Awatched Bwatches Cwatching Dwatch()3.Now my father _ his bike to work every day instead of driving.Aride Brode Crides Dwill ride()4.The earth _ around the sun.A.go B.going C goes D.to goADCC现在进行时现在进行时2 现在进行时的用法现在进行时的用法 (1)(1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如：What are you doing?你在干什么？

6、Im reading English.我在读英语。(2)(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。如：表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。如：They are studying hard this term.他们这个学期学习一直很努力。(3)come(3)come，gogo，leaveleave，arrivearrive，startstart等动词用现在进行时表示将来。等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如：The bus is coming soon.车不久就会来了。即学即练即学即练()1.Alan，.What are you doing?.I _ for my mother.Awaited B

7、have waited Cam waiting Dwas waiting()2.Jackson，I havent seen(见到）you these days.I _ for the coming English test.Aam preparing Bwill prepare Cprepare Dhave prepared ()3.Listen!The phone _Would you please go to answer it?Arings Bis ringing Crang Dwill ring CAB一般过去时一般过去时31 1一般过去时的构成一般过去时的构成一般过去时用动词的过去式

8、表示，即：主语动词的过去式。动词过去一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，即：主语动词的过去式。动词过去式的变化分为规则和不规则两种。下表是动词的过去式的变化规则：式的变化分为规则和不规则两种。下表是动词的过去式的变化规则：（不规则变化见课本）（不规则变化见课本）构成方法构成方法例词例词一般动词后加一般动词后加edworkworked；walkwalked词尾为词尾为e的单词，直接加的单词，直接加darrivearrived；loveloved“辅音字母辅音字母y”结尾的词，变结尾的词，变y为为i，再加再加edstudystudied；worryworried重读闭音节，且只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭

9、音节，且只有一个辅音字母结尾的单词，双写辅音字母再加单词，双写辅音字母再加edstopstopped；dropdropped2.2.一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 (1)(1)表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与last night/.last night/.，yesterdayyesterday，.ago.ago，in 1995in 1995，in the pastin the past，the other daythe other day，just nowjust now,this morning,when I was 2 years ol

10、d,this morning,when I was 2 years old等表示过去的时等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：间状语连用。如：I got up at six this morning.今天早上我6点起床。(2)(2)表示过去的习惯或过去经常发生的动作。如：表示过去的习惯或过去经常发生的动作。如：When I was in the countryside，I often swam in the river.我在乡下时，常常在河里游泳。即学即练即学即练1.Tom _(sweep)the floor yesterday.2.He _(take)some medicine this morni

11、ng.3.My family _(go)to Beijing last year.4.I _(can)ride a bike when I was 6 years old.swepttookwentcould一般现在时和一般过去时的共同点：一般现在时和一般过去时的共同点：1一般现在时和一般过去时肯定句的谓语都不需要一般现在时和一般过去时肯定句的谓语都不需要助动词；实义动词的一般现在时用助动词助动词；实义动词的一般现在时用助动词do/does帮帮助构成否定句和疑问句；而实义动词的一般过去时助构成否定句和疑问句；而实义动词的一般过去时用助动词用助动词did帮助构成否定句和疑问句。帮助构成否定句和疑

12、问句。2be动词的一般现在时和一般过去时：都是在动词的一般现在时和一般过去时：都是在be动动词后加词后加not变否定句、把变否定句、把be动词提到主语前变疑问句。动词提到主语前变疑问句。一般将来时一般将来时4时态时态用法用法谓语构成谓语构成常用的时间状语常用的时间状语一般将一般将来来时态时态表 示 将表 示 将来 的 动来 的 动作 或 状作 或 状态态1.w i l l /shall动词动词原形原形2.am/is/are going to动词原形动词原形tonight，tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future

13、，next year，next week/month/term 注：注：1.1.当主语是第一人称当主语是第一人称I I或或wewe时，问句中一般使用时，问句中一般使用shallshall表表 示征求对方意见。如：示征求对方意见。如：Where shall we meet tomorrow?明天我们在哪里会面？2.be going to动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事。动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事。I am going to the park this wenkend.3.某些动词：某些动词：go，come，leave，arrive，start，begin 等可用现在进行时表将来。如：等可用现在

14、进行时表将来。如：She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。即学即练即学即练()1.Nancy _ a doctor when she grows up.Ais Bwas Cis going to be Dwill()2.The Greens _ to Hainan in 5 days.Acomes Bcome Ccame Dwill come()3.Now my father _ his bike to work every day instead of driving.Aride Brode Crides Dwill rideCDC 主将、情、祈从现主将、情、

15、祈从现5主将从现主将从现在复合句中在复合句中,由由when,as soon as,after,before,until,unless等引导的时间状语从句等引导的时间状语从句和和由由if/unless引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句,都符合都符合“主将从现主将从现”的原则的原则,即即主主句是一般句是一般将将来时来时,从从句要句要用一般用一般现现在时代替将来时在时代替将来时.主句：一般将来时主句：一般将来时（表动作（表动作will do 表状态表状态will be)从句：一般现在时从句：一般现在时 (表动作表动作 V原原/V-s 表状态表状态 am is are )主情从现主情从现 主句中有情

16、态动词主句中有情态动词(can,may must,should,could(can,may must,should,could等），那么从句用一般现在时。等），那么从句用一般现在时。如：如：If you feel hungry,you should eat If you feel hungry,you should eat something something.主祈从现主祈从现主祈从现是指如果主句是祈使句，从句用一主祈从现是指如果主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时。般现在时。如：如：1.Please let me know if he comes back.2.Dont watch TV unl

17、ess you finish your homework.即学即练即学即练()1.Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend.But nobody knows if it _Ais fine；will rain Bwill be fine；rainsCwill be fine；will rain Dis fine；rains()2.If there is any change to the plan，I _ you as soon as possible.Atold Bhave told Ctell Dwill tellAD即学即练即学即练()1.If Nancy

18、 _ the exam，she will go to Australia for English study.Apass Bpassed Cpasses Dwill pass()2.The Greens will visit Hainan as soon as they _ to China.Acomes Bcome Ccame Dwill come()3.Dont _ your bike to work when it rains.Aride Brode Crides Dwill rideCBA综合练习综合练习6一、单选一、单选()1.I _ TV last night.Awas watch

19、ing Bam watching Cwatching D.watching()2.My father_ every night on weekends.Awill watch TV Bis watching TV Cwas watching TV Dwatches TVDD()3.Kitty，Im busy cooking.Can you give me a hand?Mum，just wait a moment.I _ my bed now.Amake Bwill make Cam making Dmaking()4.I am waiting for my friend._,I will g

20、o swimming alone.A.If he doesnt come B.If he wont come C.If he will come D.If he is comingCA（）4.Frank _ to see his grandma if he _ free tomorrow.A.will come,will be B.comes,is C.will come,is D.comes,will be（）5.I want to know what time _ have a trip tomorrow.-Well have it when Tom _.A.you are,will fi

21、nish B.you will,finishes C.you will,is finished D.you will,is finish CB二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Tell Lily to call me as soon as she _(arrive).2.-Hi,Kate.You look tired.Whats the matter?-I _(not sleep)well last night.3.-Excuse me,look at the sign over there,please.Could you stop smoking?-Sorry

22、,I_(no do)anymore.arrivesdidnt sleepwont do4.-Do you know when Dr White_4.-Do you know when Dr White_ (come)for dinner this (come)for dinner this evening?-No,but -No,but I think he_(come)when he think he_(come)when he is free.is free.5 5.-Shall we go shopping now?-Sorry,I cant.I _(wash)_(wash)my shi

23、rts.6 6.I believe that the trees_(cover)(cover)the mountains in a few years.will comewill comeam washingwill cover7.I wasnt at home yesterday.I _(gogo)to Dalian.8.Jane_(buy)(buy)a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.9.Both Kate and I_(be)getting(be)getting ready for the picnic now.wentboughtare10.-I _(not see)(not see)you at the meeting.Why?-I was ill.11.I cant go to the theater tonight because I_(lose)(lose)my ticket.28.He _(give)(give)a talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.lostdidnt seewill giveByebyeByebyeover