人力资源管理知识-8获取竞争优势的人力资源管理之八课件.ppt

1、获取竞争优势的人力资源管理 之八Human Resource Management Gaining a Competitive Advantage Industrial Relations and Collective Bargaining劳动关系和集体谈判nExplain the structure and purpose of industrial relations 解释劳动关系的结构和目标nExplain how to prepare for union contract negotiations and discuss the step in the actual bargainin

2、g sessions解释合同谈判的准备和实施过程nDiscuss the development of the collective bargaining in the Chineses enterprises讨论中国企业劳动协商制度的未来发展 nExplain how to managing layoff 解释如何进行裁员管理1.Industrial Relations Systems劳动关系系统要素nJohn Dunlop:4 factor of the industrial relations systems劳资关系四要素：1.1 Environment 环境 1.2 Participa

3、nts 参与者 1.3 Regulations 规则 1.4 Culture and awareness 文化和意识形态2.Labor Relations System Model劳动关系模型Strategy for gaining Competitive advantageGoals of union,employersocietyUnion and its Opposite negotiatorsStructure andManagement Of unions interaction of Organization,Negotiation,managementGoals actualiz

4、ation unionEmployersociety3.Strategic Goals of Society,Union and Employers社会，工会和雇主的战略目标 3.1 Strategic goals of society社会目标(new-classical economy):vEconomic efficiency and social justice and stability 经济的效益和社会公平与稳定。v income differentials are essential to economic growth that can encourage workers to

5、work harder and promote employers to offer high wages relative to their less successful competitors.收入的差距是经济增长的动力基础vEconomic growth is positively related to equality and social cohesion.A relatively equal distribution of incomes reduces dire poverty and social instability.经济增长和社会公平和凝聚力有正相关。3.2 strat

6、egic goals of unions and employees工会和雇员的战略目标 as employees representatives,unions have two sets of aims:(1)Union security (2)employeess economic and politic security(1)Unions security工会保障nIn the west countries there are 5 union security:n closed shop（封闭式工厂）,union shop（工会化工厂）,agency shop（代理工厂）,open sh

7、op（开放式工厂）,maintenance of membership arrangement（成员资格保持）.nIn China,unions also need security when they negotiate contracts for all employees.(中国企业工会代表的保障问题）。(2)employees economic and politic security员工的经济和政治保障vConflict and negotiation冲突和谈判vJob and occupation security工作和职业保障vWelfare system plan雇员福利计划

8、vSpecial labor groups特殊工人群体vCompensation and management薪资报酬和管理3.3 strategic goals of Employer 雇主的战略目标nCooperate with unions(与工会合作）nResistance to unions（抵制工会）A.make union seem unnecessary by providing employees better employment and treatment.B.refuse to cooperate with unions representatives that cho

9、sen by employees.4.The right of the employees and employers from labor law of P.R.China 劳动者和用人单位依法（劳动法）享有的权利 劳动者的权利 用人单位的权利劳动权 依法录用，调动，辞退职工权民主管理权 任免企业管理人员权休息权 制定工资报酬福利方案权劳动报酬权 依法分配安置职工权劳动保护权 依法奖惩职工权职业培训权 社会保险 劳动争议提请处理权5.the structure and future of the unions 工会结构和未来 美国工会组织结构 中华全国总工会结构 National Feder

10、ation All-China Federation of of Union Trade UnionsNational unions National UnionsLocal union or Local unions or trade unions trade unions 5.2 What is next for union?西方工会的发展nIncreasingly going after ownership and control of the company,and through ESOP of the employees,union win all or partial contr

11、ol of the board工会更注重员工在所有权和公司控制权的地位，通过ESOP计划分享企业控制权。nUnion-management cooperation and form”agreement teams”with employers和雇主合作并签定更有合作性的协议nEmployment rate of EU 11 and USA 1996200019951996199719981999Belgium9.99.79.49.59.1Denmark7.26.85.65.14.3Germany8.28.99.99.49.1Spain22.220.818.716.013.5France11.7

12、12.412.311.711.2Italy11.611.711.711.911.5Luxembourg2.93.02.82.82.8Netherlands6.96.35.24.03.3Portugal7.37.36.85.14.7United kingdom8.78.27.96.97.0United states5.65.44.94.54.35.2 workers congresses中国职工代表大会nThe workers congresses in china are about 360,000 in late 1980.nThe workers congress is the basic

13、 form of democratic management in enterprises and the organ for workers to exert such power.nThe policy of operations,annual and long-term plans and programs,contract and wage and bonus distribution,workers conditions and warfare,appraise the leading administrative managers and so on.The decision-ma

14、king structure of a Chinese SOECPCACFTUEnterprise PartycommitteeWorkerscongressTrade UnioncommitteeFactorydirectorManagementteamWorkers staff6.growing web of laws and court rulings for protection labor relations 法律和法庭裁决网在劳动关系上的作用nThe web of laws and court rulings provides the sorts of protection tha

15、t up to a few years ago only unions could provide.法律和法庭裁决网提供了对劳动关系的保护nThe employee rights regarding job security,privacy,occupational safety,and health,equal employment opportunities pension vesting,and pay policies are now provide by law.对员工的保护，如员工的工作保障，职业安全公平就业机会，福利和社会保障都由法律予以规定7.labor relations c

16、onsultants 劳动关系顾问的作用nBoth management and unions now being supplemented by trained outside advisors.管理和工会都请有经验的咨询人员协助谈判nPublic relations firms,law firms,researchers,psychologists,labor relations specialists,public relations firms法律公司，咨询人员，心理学家，劳动关系专家，公共关系公司等nThe consultants ran the show for the emplo

17、yers 72%of the time in the USA咨询人员在72%的情况下为管理方面服务。8.Collective Bargaining集体谈判8.1 Definition of collective bargaining集体谈判定义：The process though which representatives of management and the union are required,under law,to negotiate wages,hours,and terms and conditions of employment“in good faith”根据法律要求，

18、雇主和员工就工资，工时，以及雇佣条件和期限进行真诚的谈判过程。8.2 What Is“Good Faith”?什么是真诚nGood faith bargaining什么是真诚谈判？good faith is the cornerstone of effective labor-management relations.It means that both parties communicated negotiate and the proposals are matched with counterproposals.It means both parties make every reaso

19、nable effort to arrive at an agreement(not compelled).真诚谈判是有效劳动关系的基础，意味着双方互相较量，作出合理的努力以达成一致（非强迫的）协议nWhat is bargaining not in good faith什么是不真诚谈判？nSurface bargaining 表面谈判nconcession不让步nNo Proposals and demands没有议案和要求nDilatory tactics拖延策略nImposing conditions强加条件nUnilateral changes in conditions单方变更条件n

20、Bypassing the representative回避代表nNot providing information不提供信息8.3 The negotiating team and preparations谈判小组和准备nBoth union and management send a negotiating team to the bargaining table工会和管理方均派遣一个谈判小组参加nUnion representatives have sounded out union members on their desires and conferred with union re

21、presentatives and set the negotiation objectives 工会代表的准备包括收集会员的要求，与有关人员进行磋商，确定谈判项目。nManagement prepares the pay and benefits data and the cost of current labor contract and identify probable union demands.管理方代表的准备有，收集公司福利数据，计算劳动合同成本，确定工会的要求等。8.4 bargaining items谈判项目nVoluntary bargaining item自愿项目nIll

22、egal bargaining items非法项目nMandatory bargaining items强制项目：Wages,hours,holiday-pay,severance pay,layoff plan,pension plan,insurance-health and accident,promotion,transfers.Plant closed and relocation,union security,stock-purchase plan,8.5 Bargaining Stages谈判阶段nEach side presents its demands双方提出各自要求nRe

23、duce their demands or trade off some demands to gain others双方削减自己要求或交换其他利益nThe parties form joint subcommittees to try to work out reasonable alternatives双方合作小组努力寻找合理解决方案nReach an informal settlement 双方达成非正式解决方案nEach checks informally with their superiors 双方各自就方案向己方上级核查nA formal agreement is fine-tu

24、ne and signed起草并签署正式文件8.6 impasses,mediation,and strikes 僵局，调节，罢工nImpasse.When the parties are not able to move further toward settlement 当谈判双方不能进一步接近解决方案时，就发生僵局。nThird-party involvement.Third party interventions are used to overcome an impasse,mediation,fact finding,and arbitration中立的第三方介入：调节，调查和仲裁

25、nStrikes.There are four types of strikes罢工：economic strike经济罢工 unfair labor proactive strike protesting illegal conduct by the employer 不正当行为罢工 wildcat strike.An unauthorized strike野猫罢工 sympathy strike.one union strikes in support of the strike of another.同情罢工8.7 The Agreement Itself协议内容n Management

26、 right管理方面的权利nUnion security.工会保障nGrievance procedures抱怨程序nArbitration of grievance 抱怨仲裁nDisciplinary 惩罚nCompensation rates劳动报酬率nHours of work and overtime工时和加班nBenefits:vocation holidays,insurance,福利，假期 保险，nHealth and safety provisions健康，劳动安全nEmployee security 员工就业保障nContract expiration date合同到期日8。

27、8谈判的策略n将人和问题分开 Separate person from problemsn集中在利益上而不是立场上The Focus is on the sharing of profits and benefits not the standpointn在制定计划之前首先设想各种可能性assume and present the varies probabilities Before make a plann坚持将结果放在某些客观标准之上maintain the bargaining results before some objective standardsn案例：上海汽轮有限公司工资集

28、体协商制度的运作 10 Layoff 下岗临时解雇的管理10.1 Layoff.下岗下岗 A term that refers to a situation in which there is no work available for the employee who is being sent home,but management expects the situation to be temperate and short term,and intends to recall the employee when work is again available下岗：工人没有工作可做，这一

29、状况是短期的和临时的，一旦有工作，首先召回下岗工人。10.2 Alternatives to layoff下岗的四种替代方法：下岗的四种替代方法：nVoluntary reduction in pay plan自愿降低工资待遇，延迟全体员工年度加薪日期nVoluntary time off and reduce the payroll自愿减少工时并减少报酬,员工不支薪休假nRings of defense that employees may be laid off at any time保护圈-自愿作为临时工nVolunteer lay off 征求自愿离职者。10.3 The manage

30、ment of downsizing 裁员管理 席卷全球的裁员风2001年跨国公司的裁员规模n郎讯科技 美国 49000 西门子 德国 10000n戴勒姆-克莱斯勒 德国 35500 菲利浦 荷兰 10000n联合利华 英国 33000 富士通 日本 9000n北方电信 加拿大 30000n摩托罗拉 美国 30000n爱立信 瑞典 22000n索莱克特罗 美国 20000 美国雇员，采你没商量裁员的效应n1989至1992年间，财富杂志500大企业的288家在三年内裁员的企业中，裁员3以上的公司，在裁员后股票不是没有增值，就是增值幅度不高；裁员达15以上的公司，股票表现更是明显不佳。裁员还会影

31、响留任员工对公司的信心，增加他们的工作量，提高他们离职的机会，尤其是当公司没有妥善处理裁员时。此外，裁员也可能影响客户，让他们失去联络窗口，降低了对公司的忠诚度。Example:盈利公司不得随意裁员 2001年法国劳工部门提出数项措施，限制盈利公司在裁员风潮中随意解雇员工。法国劳工部长认为，盈利公司公司应加倍支付被解雇员工的赔偿金，同时各大企业应提供再培训计划，以确保失业工人重新就业，并且还要求歇业企业制定新的开工方案。法国劳工部希望企业在作出关闭工厂的决定时，给员工一个说话的机会，如果裁员确实不可避免，也应该帮助他们作好调整。随着法国食品巨商达能公司和英国大零售商马莎公司进行重组，数千人的裁

32、员行动已引起公众抱怨和骚动。劳工部长在作出此次提议之前，咨询了众多意见，并且特别考虑了大幅裁员时公司所需的支出费用。10.4 the replacement of downsizing 不裁员的替代方法n美国特派报（Dispatch）公司在1996年遭遇不景气时，将员工分成六个委员会，讨论可能的节流方法。结果，员工提出两百多个建议，公司采用了其中近一半的方案，避免了裁员。2001年，该报再次采取相同的措施，以在不裁员的情况下，应对目前的不景气。n2000年Acxiom公司裁员替代方案：公司全面减薪5，以公司等价股票补偿员工损失。2001年年初，公司再度要求员工考虑自愿减薪，结果有近四成的员工同

33、意，换取了价值为损失薪资双倍的公司股票。由于成功减薪，今年至今该公司已节省2400万美元的支出，没有进行裁员。n 林肯电机公司（Lincoln Electric）政策规定，只要员工在公司工作三年以上，除非工作表现不佳，员工不会因为景气而遭到裁员。附带条件是，在必要时，公司可以调整员工的职务，将他们调至职衔或薪资较低的岗位上。10.3 layoff procedure西方国家企业员工下岗程序nSenior is the ultimate determiner of who will work年资是决定谁将工作的根本因素nSeniority can give way to merit or abi

34、lity but usually only when none of the senior employees is qualified for a particular job 年资可以让位于业绩和能力，但只有在资深人员中没有人能够从事某一工作时年资才让位nSeniority is based on the date the employee joined the organization,not the date he or she took a particular job年资是根据该员工加入某组织来计算，而不是接受某项工作的日期计算。10.5 How to Downsize 裁员方法n

35、Downsizing committee成立裁员委员会nDownsizing plan详细规划nList the laid off拟定裁员名单nMaking procedure of downsizing 拟定细节nTraining line managers训练主管部门nReview the making by lawyers 请律师检查各种决定10.4 Outplacement Counseling and Exit Interviews 安置裁员员工和离职谈话nOutplacement counseling向外安置咨询：A self-appraisal 自我评价 B securing a

36、 new job that is appropriate to his or her needs and talents帮助该员工找到适合其需要和才能的新工作nExit interviews 离职谈话 Eliciting information about the job or related matters that might give the employer a better insight into what is right of what is wrong about company了解有关工作的问题的看法和意见,帮助企业更好的了解本公司的优点和缺点10.5 Adjusting

37、to Downsizing 企业裁员以后的再适应nAfter downsizing the“left behind”should be treated fairly and carefully,they are those that enterprises will need them to build future business around.在企业大量裁员以后，应该特别注意留下的员工，他们是企业经营发展需要的人。nDealing with the survivors immediately after the downsizing 裁员以后，应立即安排留下的人员。nspecific s

38、teps to take具体步骤：A Institute a post-downsizing program制定裁员后的再适应计划，B Providing“left behind”the information about downsizing through a series of announcement activities.开展通告活动，让员工了解裁员情况 C An immediate follow-up phase 即时跟踪活动 D Follow-up meeting are held for discussion 留下人员讨论会 E Providing survivors long

39、-term support 提供长期支持计划12.Handing the Merger/acquisition 如何处理被购并公司的员工 after one company merger or acquisition the other,the company should hand the dismissals and downsizing of latter.In terms of survivor adjustments,the rule can be followed 当公司收购另一家公司后，处理被收购公司员工的解雇问题应遵循的原则nAvoid the appearance of power and domination 不要表现出权利和支配地位nAvoid win or lose behavior不要有输赢行为nRemain business and professional in all dealings 在整个处理过程中保持有条理和专业化的行为方式nMaintain as positive a feeling about the acquired company as possible对被收购公司员工保持积极友好感情