电梯流量分析分解课件.ppt

1、Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark.基本原则和迅达基准Introduction&Guidelines.相关介绍和指引R u l e o f T h u mb&S c h i n d l e r B e n cRule of Thumb.基本原则A Methodic of best guess of the Elevator Configuration needed.对电梯配置进行有条理和最有效预估的要素 Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 2

2、R u l e o f T h u mb.基本原则A Me t h o d iRule of Thumb.基本原则How to Design an Elevator for an Office Building?如何规划办公楼的电梯配置？Defined Building Population?确定大楼人数？Defined HC5 Requirement?确定5分钟运载能力要求？Defined WT Requirement?确定候梯时间要求？Define Number of Elevators 确定电梯数量确定电梯数量 Define Car Speed 确定电梯速度确定电梯速度 Define C

3、ar Load 确定电梯载重确定电梯载重 Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 3R u l e o f T h u mb.基本原则H o w t o D eRule of Thumb.基本原则Estimate Numbers of Elevators needed.估算电梯数量 250 persons per elevator 每台电梯服务每台电梯服务250人人 4-5 floors per elevator 每台电梯服务每台电梯服务4-5个楼层个楼层 24 floors

4、per elevator group 每个梯组服务每个梯组服务24个楼层个楼层 Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 4R u l e o f T h u mb.基本原则E s t i ma t e Office Building.办公楼Define the Car Speed.确定电梯速度HQ=Travel height(65m example beside)HQ=提升高度（假设左侧例子的提升高度为65米）T=Travel time from main floor to t

5、op floor without taking time losses into account caused by acceleration and decelerationT=从基站直驶到最高层站的时间，不考虑加减速等 额外时间Recommended Values for Travel Time行程时间推荐值行程时间推荐值-20 sec for top requirement(example beside)顶级标准为20秒（假设左侧例子如是）-25 sec for medium requirement 中档标准为25秒-32 sec basic requirement 普通标准为32秒VK

6、N=HQ/T=65m/20s=3.25 m/s Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 5O f f i c e B u i l d i n g.办公楼D e f i n e tRule of Thumb.基本原则Summary.综述 Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 6R u l e o f T h u mb.基本原则S u mma r y.Rule o

7、f Thumb.基本原则Relation WT/INT.WT和INT的关系Interpretation of Interval Waiting Time说明：间隔时间说明：间隔时间候梯时间候梯时间 The relation of interval INT and average waiting time WT has been examined for a number of different elevator groups.It has found out that the ratio WT/INT depends very much on the elevator group and o

8、n the arrival rate(as percentage of the maximum handling capacity).经过对比不同梯组的电梯间隔时间和平均候梯时间，我们发现：WT/INT系数很大程度上取决于梯组配置和到达率（与5分钟运载能力最大值相等）For assessing an elevator groups maximum performance,the usual relation of“WT=60%x INT”is not realistic.Better use“WT=80%x INT”or even“WT=INT”.要对电梯梯组的最大性能进行评估，惯常用的“WT

9、=60%xINT”公式并不能反映真实情况，建议使用“WT=80%xINT”或“WT=INT”。Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 7R u l e o f T h u mb.基本原则R e l a t i o n Rule of Thumb.基本原则How to Define the Car Load GQ?确定电梯载重P=Ar x INTP=Passengers per car (car loaded with 80%)P=每个轿厢的乘客数量（轿厢满载率80%）Ar=Ar

10、rival rate=arriving persons per secondAr=到达率=每秒内到达的人数INT=Interval considering waiting time WT=80%of INT =rough estimationINT=间隔时间按WT=80%xINT考虑=粗略估算Arrival Rate Ar(example):到达率到达率Ar（举例说明）：（举例说明）：Population=800,handling capacity=14%,arriving persons=112 persons/5 min人数=800，运载能力=14%，到达人数112人/5分钟Ar=0.37

11、33 persons/sec.Ar=0.37733人人/秒秒Interval INT(example):间隔时间间隔时间INT（举例说明）：（举例说明）：Required waiting time WT=24 sec 候梯时间要求WT=24秒Interval=(WT/80)x100=30 sec间隔时间间隔时间=(WT/80)x100=30秒秒Car Load 电梯载重电梯载重P=Ar x INT=0.3733 persons/sec x 30 sec.P=Ar x INT=0.3733人/秒 x 30秒=11.2 persons considering 80%car load =11.2人，

12、80%轿厢满载率=14.0 persons considering 100%car load =14.0人，100%轿厢满载率GQ 100%=14 persons x 75 kg/person=1050 kg=choose 1250Kg Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 8R u l e o f T h u mb.基本原则H o w t o D eTraffic Vision 3.0Overview 概览Given Input 假设值假设值:Building with a

13、 Population of 800 大楼总人数800人Amount of floors above main Floor=16 基站以上楼层数=16Travel Height around 65 m 提升高度大约为65米Required HC 5=14%要求HC5=14%Required average WT around 24 sec 要求平均候梯时间WT约为24秒1.Estimated Number of Elevators 估算电梯数量估算电梯数量Number of Elevators=4(800People/200People per Elevator)and(Floor amoun

14、t/4floor serving per Elevator)=Higher value should be considered电梯数量电梯数量=4（800人/每台电梯服务200人），如同时使用另外一个公式（楼层数/每台电梯服务4个楼层）来计算电梯数量，应取两者的最大值。2.Estimated Speed 估算电梯速度估算电梯速度Elevator Speed to reach top/medium level travel time between 20-25 secV=HQ/t=20sec=65/20=3.25 m/s expected speed 3m/s如要满足顶级或中档要求，电梯的行程

15、时间应在20-25秒之间V=HQ/t=20秒=65/20=3.25米/秒，预期电梯速度为3米/秒。3.Estimated Car load 估算电梯载重估算电梯载重INT=(WT/80)x 100=(24/80)x100=30 secAr=(Population/100)*HC5/300=(800/100)*14/300=0.37333 Persons/secP=Ar*INT=0.3733*30=11.2 Persons(80%car load)100%carload would be around 14.0 Persons)estimated car load(75 Kg/person)=1

16、050 Kg would fit with a 1250 Kg Car Load DesignP=Ar*INT=0.3733*30=11.2人(轿厢满载率80%)，如按100%轿厢满载率，人数约为14人，按75公斤/人，则电梯载重=1050公斤，向上取整得电梯载重电梯载重1250公斤公斤。Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 9T r a f f i c V i s i o n 3.0O v e r v i e w 概Schindler Traffic Standards.迅

17、达交通流量标准 Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 10S c h i n d l e r T r a f f i c S t a n d a r d s.迅Defined Traffic Situations 确定交通状况确定交通状况Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Traffic Situations(Criteria).交通状况（标准）Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Sc

18、hindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 11D e f i n e d T r a f f i c S i t u a t i o n s 确定Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Star Rating(Criteria).星级评定（标准）Defined Criteria 确定标准确定标准 Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 12S c h i n d l e r T r a f f i c S t a n d a

19、r d s.Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Guidelines.指引Important Note:重点提示：重点提示：As a Schindler guideline always follow the following rules.迅达指引总是遵循以下原则：Look at the lowest rating of all analyses of a project.Then:查看项目里所有的分析数据，找出最低值，然后：3 stars or more are o.k.and recommended.如果达到三星级三星级或以上，该电梯配置可行并可推荐可

20、推荐。2 stars:Such projects must be examined carefully(including a second opinion e.g.of a superior)and are only accepted for good reasons.You should be aware that such a project is marginal w.r.t.elevator performance,and we might face critical questions or problems related to high waiting times etc.二星

21、级二星级：这类项目必须仔细核实必须仔细核实（如获取上级意见），如无充分理由将不予采纳。应当谨记这样的电梯配置其效能是相当低的，日后我们很可能会由于候梯时间等问题受到客户的质询。1 star or less:Such projects must be rejected by Schindler.The elevator performance is poor,and such installations may cause severe problems and damage Schindlers reputation.一星级或以下一星级或以下：迅达必须拒绝必须拒绝承接这类项目。由于电梯的效能极

22、差，在投入使用后会问题不断，直接影响迅达的声誉。Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 13S c h i n d l e r T r a f f i c S t a n d a r d s.Overview Report(Example)报告概览（例子）报告概览（例子）Illustration of an analysis with a rating of 2.6 ,下图这个例子，该分析取得的星级是2.6corresponding to the following perfo

23、rmance values:对应的性能数值为：HC5=10.4%,WT=43.1 s (Project is not recommended!)Defined Reporting Standards 确定报告标准 Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 14O v e r v i e w R e p o r t (E x a mp l e)D e f i nSchindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Office Bu

24、ildings.办公楼的星级STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment*or lessUnsatisfactorySuch projects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow recommended performance level;such projects must be examined carefully(including a second opinion e.g.of a superior)and are only accepted for good reasons.*Sa

25、tisfactoryLevel for standard office buildings.*GoodLevel for mid-to-higher requirements.*Very goodLevel for high requirements(such as international head quarters,premium sites).Schindler|TV3.0|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|TRT CN|200810S c h i n d l e r T r a f f i c S t a n d a r d s.Schindler

26、Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Hotel Buildings.酒店的星级STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment*or lessUnsatisfactorySuch projects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow recommended performance level;such projects must be examined carefully(including a second opinion e.g.of a su

27、perior)and are only accepted for good reasons.*SatisfactoryLevel for up to approx.3-star hotels.*GoodLevel for up to approx.4-star hotels.*Very goodLevel for up to approx.5-star hotels.Schindler|TV3.0|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|TRT CN|200810S c h i n d l e r T r a f f i c S t a n d a r d s.Sc

28、hindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Residential Buildings.住宅楼的星级STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment*or lessUnsatisfactorySuch projects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow recommended performance level;such projects must be examined carefully(including a second opin

29、ion e.g.of a superior)and are only accepted for good reasons.*SatisfactoryLevel for low-price segment.*GoodLevel for mid-price segment.*Very goodLevel for high-price segment.Schindler|TV3.0|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|TRT CN|200810S c h i n d l e r T r a f f i c S t a n d a r d s.Star Rating.星

30、级评定Explanation.说明Schindler Star Rating Definition Schindler|TV3.0|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|TRT CN|200810S t a r R a t i n g.星级评定E x p l a n a t i o nStar Rating Auto Setting.自动选取星级Explanation on Office Building Up-peak.针对办公楼上行高峰模式的说明WTsecHC5%5202510153035401213141516113*4*5*3*4*5*4.75*4.75*

31、Auto evaluation Points where the System finds the optimum of rating,means where WT and HC5 have the same Star rating in our example 4.75*系统自动选取星级点，在该点WT和HC5的星级值是一样一样的，如本例子为4.75*PerformanceCurve SimulationIf we would choose manually the Values the system takes the lower one from HC5 or WT in our exam

32、ple on 13%HC5 it would be 3.5*如果我们要进行手动调整，系统会选取HC5或WT对应星级较小的数值，例如本例子HC5为13%时对应的星级是3.5*3.5*Schindler|TRT CN|TV3.0 Training|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|2008/10|Page 19S t a r R a t i n g A u t o S e t t i n g.自动选Relation to CIBSE Guide D与CIBSE Guide D的关系 Schindler|TV3.0|Rule of Thumb&Schindler B

33、enchmark|TRT CN|200810R e l a t i o n t o C I B S E G u i d e D与C I BCIBSE Guide D RecommendationsCIBSE Guide D的推荐值的推荐值 Recommendations for office buildings(single and multiple tenancy,standard and prestige),hotels,residential buildings,hospitals,schools.各类推荐值包括办公楼（单租户和多租户，普通及高档），酒店，住宅，医院，学校。Recomme

34、ndations expressed by arrival rate and interval.到达率和间隔时间的推荐值。Note:Traffic situations are not clearly stated.备注：对于交通状况并没有清晰的规定 Details for office,hotels,residential:See next pages.对于办公楼，酒店，住宅的详细介绍：请参阅下页。CIBSE Guide DOverview 概述 Schindler|TV3.0|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|TRT CN|200810C I B S E

35、G u i d e D R e c o mme n d a t i o n s CCIBSE Guide D Recommendations(from Table 3.1)Assumed Traffic Situation:Up-PeakOffice Buildings 办公楼Comparison 对比 Office Building HC5INT“WT=0.8xINT or=INT”Single tenant(standard)1215%2530 s2030 sSingle tenant(prestige)1317%2025 s1625 sMulti-tenant(standard)1114

36、%2530 s2030 sMulti-tenant(prestige)1215%2025 s1625 s Schindler RatingTraffic Situation:Up-PeakOffice Building HC5 WTAny tenancy(*=satisfactory)1214%2030 sAny tenancy(*=good)1416%1520 s Notes:备注：备注：Schindler recommendations are close to CIBSE Guide D迅达的推荐值与CIBSE Guide D的数值接近 Schindlers differentiatio

37、n between single or multi tenancy is not related to total HC5%but to inter-floor%at lunch time.迅达标准下的总体HC5值不会受单租户或多租户的影响，但在午餐时段乘客层间走动时会有所不同。Schindler|TV3.0|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|TRT CN|200810C I B S E G u i d e D R e c o mme n d a t i o n s CIBSE Guide D Recommendations(from Table 3.1 an

38、d Table 3.11)Assumed Traffic Situation:Two-WayHotels and Residential Buildings 酒店及住宅Comparison 对比Building TypeHC5INT“WT=0.8xINT or=INT”Hotel1015%3050 s2450 sResidential building(Table 3.1)57%4090 s3290 sResidential building(Table 3.11,Normal)68%5060 s4060 s Schindler RatingTraffic Situation:Two-WayB

39、uilding TypeHC5 WTHotel(*to*)1115%2040 sResidential(*to*)68%4080 s Notes:备注：备注：Schindler recommendations are close to CIBSE Guide D迅达的推荐值与CIBSE Guide D的数值接近 Schindler rates the lowest performance segments in CIBSE(10%HC5 for hotel,5%HC5 for residential buildings)as marginal“*”.对于CIBSE里面规定的最小值（酒店10%，住宅5%），迅达标记为二星”*“。Schindler|TV3.0|Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark|TRT CN|200810C I B S E G u i d e D R e c o mme n d a t i o n s Thank you for your attention.谢谢观赏。T h a n k y o u f o r y o u r a t t e n t i o n.