2021高考英语一轮复习专题二第三讲名词和数词课件外研版.ppt

1、第三讲 名词和数词 高考感悟高考感悟 A 组 单句语法填空 1 2019浙 江 卷 Other American studies showed no _ (connect) between uniforms and school performance. connection/connections 考查名词。no 用来修饰名词，此处用单复数形式均可。 22019 北京卷No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various _ (activity) on Earth Day. activities 考查

2、名词单复数。根据修饰语 various 可知用名词复数形式，指各 种各样的活动。 32018 全国卷Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which/that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _ (cause) causes 考查名词单复数。cause 表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面 有 all，故填 c

3、ause 的复数形式。 42018 浙江卷Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. dishes 考查名词单复数。dish 是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数 形式 dishes。 5 2017 全国卷She has turned down several _ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.

4、invitations 考查名词单复数。 invitation 邀请是可数名词， 其前有 several 修饰， 应用复数形式。 62017 浙江卷Of course you have to work at it.You wouldnt think that a few _ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life, and thats also true for building your vocabulary you have to keep at it daily，and pre

5、tty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary. months 考查名词单复数。根据空前的 a few 及 month 为可数名词可知， 此处表示“几个月的锻炼”，故用 month 的复数形式。 B 组 单句改错 12019 全国卷短文改错Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do._ jobjobs 形容词 different(不同的)后跟名词的复数形式。 22019 全国卷短文改错I wish to have a chain o

6、f cafes in many different city._ citycities many 修饰可数名词复数。 32018 全国卷Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken._ chickenchickens 词法错误。dozens of 许多，修饰可数名词复数。chicken 作名词用 (1)鸡(C)复数 chickens (2)鸡肉(U)无复数形式。 42018 全国卷The classroom is a place for learning

7、and that includes learning from textbooks，and mistake as well._ mistakemistakes 词法错误。句意为：从书本和错误中学习。mistake 是可数名 词，此处所指的“错误”不止一个，应用复数形式。 52017 全国卷Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet._ informationsinformation 考查名词。information 为不可数名词，无复数形式，故将 informations 改为 information。

8、62018 全国卷When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night._ FridaysFriday 词法错误。Friday morning/afternoon/night 星期五的上午/下午/晚 上。 考点研析考点研析 考点一 名词的数 1牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式 (1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加- s：bookbooks, mouthmouths, househouses, girlgirls。 (2)以- s, - x, - ch, - sh结尾的名词，在词尾加- es：glassglasses, boxboxes, m

9、atchmatches, brushbrushes。 (3)以辅音字母- y结尾的名词，变y为i再加- es; citycities, countrycountries, partyparties, factoryfactories。 (4)以o结尾的名词： “元音字母o”结尾直接加- s：radios, zoos。 “辅音字母o”结尾无生命的加- s：pianos, kilos, photos。 “辅音字母o”结尾有生命的词后加- es：heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。 (5)以- f, - fe结尾的名词 少数直接加- s：roofroofs, be

10、liefbeliefs。 一般以- f或- fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加- es：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。 2看到一个以上的人或物，如名词在few，a few，other，all， both，many，several等后时，要想到用复数形式。 3看到用来表示祝愿、礼貌和客气的名词，要想到用复数形 式，如congratulations, regards, respects, thanks, wishes, requests, apologies等。 4看到谓语动词为复数形式，要想到作主语的名词用复数形

11、式。 5注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如childchildren; manmen, toothteeth; footfeet; womanwomen等。 6有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如 congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、 wishes(祝愿)等。 7一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends with(与交朋友)、shake hands with.(与握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为作准备)、in high spi

12、rits(兴高采烈地)。 8常考的不可数名词 (1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、 meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。 (2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、 luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。 (3)永远不可数的重点名词：advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、 fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。 即学即练(单句语法填空/单句改错) 1 2020 安徽六校联考Healthy and happy

13、children provide the basis for a safe society for future generations when they become _ (parent) parents 考查名词单复数。句意：当健康快乐的孩子们成为父母，他们就 为后代提供了安全社会的基础。parent 是可数名词，根据此空所在从 句的主语为 they 可知，此处应用复数形式，故填 parents。 22020 豫南九校第一次联考While some of these have been popular for relatively short _ (period), others hav

14、e lasted longer. periods 考查名词单复数。句意：其中一些流行的时间相对较短，而另一 些持续时间较长。period 表示“一段时间；阶段；周期”时是可数名 词，此处表示复数概念，应用复数形式，故填 periods。 32020 临川一中等九校联考This year is also likely to pave the way for a number of technological _ (advance) advances 考查名词单复数。句意：这一年也可能是为众多的科技进步铺路 的一年。advance 作“进步，发展”讲时，是可数名词，且 a number of 修饰

15、可数名词复数，故填 advances。 42020 日照联考Some other _ (museum) across the country, such as the National Museum of China, are inspired by the Palace Museums efforts and are working on similar projects of their own. museums 考查名词单复数。 由空前的“Some other”可知， 此处应用可数名 词 museum 的复数形式。下文的“are inspired. are working on simi

16、lar projects”也提示此处用名词复数。 52020 甘肃第一次诊断The new technology has already been used to change the DNA in the cells of _ (mouse), monkeys and other organisms. mice 考查名词单复数。句意：这项新技术已被用来改变老鼠、猴子以 及其他生物细胞中的 DNA。 此句中的 monkeys 和 other organisms 都是 可数名词的复数形式，此处与其并列，形式应保持一致，也应用复数 形式，故填 mice，注意 mouse 作“老鼠”讲时是不规则变化

17、。 62020 福建高三质检“Alaya, you dont have to do this if you dont want to. Nobody is forcing you.” Though I said I wasnt going to do it, my _ (foot) carried me toward the pool. feet 考查名词单复数。foot 是可数名词，且没有被冠词修饰，故用 复数形式。 72020 江西重点中学盟校联考_ (tomato) and potatoes took some time to become popular. Tomatoes 考查名词单

18、复数。and 连接并列主语，由 potatoes 可知 tomato 应 用复数形式。 82020 四川龙泉模拟They may let you surf the Internet, listen to music and take _ (photo) wherever you are. photos 考查名词单复数。take photos 意为“拍照”。 92019 福州期末A hutong is an ancient city street typical in Beijing. Surrounding the Forbidden City, many were built during

19、the Yuan, Ming and Qing _ (dynasty) dynasties 考查名词复数。根据该句中的“Yuan, Ming and Qing”可知，该 处指三个朝代，dynasty 为可数名词，故该处用复数形式。 102020 赣州十四县联考If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cant get from books._ knowledgesknowledge 考查可数名词与不可数名词。 knowledge 是不可数名词， 没有复数 形式。 112020 福州质量检测

20、But with my teammates encouragement, I was able to communicate smoothly with them._ teammatesteammates 考查名词所有格。分析句子结构可知此处作定语，修饰 encouragement，意为“队友的鼓励”，表示人的名词变所有格时，在 该名词后加s 或，故把 teammates 改为 teammates。 12 2020 江西五校第一次联考In addition, the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting

21、 delicious Chinese food._ hostesshostess 考查名词所有格。这里指女主人的厨艺，应用名词所有格。 132020 绵阳第一次诊断For each meal, I eat quite a lot, but I dont actually risk any healthy problem._ healthyhealth 考查名词所有格。 healthy 意为“健康的”， 不能说问题是健康的， 故应用其名词形式修饰 problem。health problem 意为“健康问题”， 符合文意。 142020 合肥第一次质量检测My favourite sport i

22、s swimming, so I decided to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my friend，Wang Fei and Li Lei._ friendfriends 考查名词单复数。根据该句中的“Wang Fei and Li Lei”可知，作 者和两个朋友一起去游泳了。friend 为可数名词，故用复数形式。 152020 山西八校第一次联考Whats more，Id like to do some houseworks so that my parents can have a good rest._ houseworksh

23、ousework housework 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 162020 赣州十四县市联考Looking back on the progresses that I have made so far, I really appreciate your support._ progressesprogress 考查名词。progress 是不可数名词，故没有复数形式。 考点二 数词的基本用法 数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷点，主要涉及基数词和序数词 的基本用法及区别，序数词前的修饰词以及分数的正确表达等。 1基数词 (1)名词性数词hundred、thousand、million等前有数

24、词或several时 不能用复数形式，其后所跟的复数名词前不加of，表“一百，一千， 一百万” 时需加one或不定冠词a。如表不确切的数目应用 “hundreds/thousands/millions of复数名词”。 (2)用以表示年龄时，逢十的基数词复数之前应加物主代词，如in her forties “在她四十多岁时”。 (3)a dozen名词复数，two dozen名词复数，several dozen名 词复数，这些都是确切数目，表约数时用，dozens of名词复数(几 十或许多)。 (4)score：a score (of)名词复数，two score of名词复数， score

25、s of名词复数(许多)。 2序数词 (1)序数词前一般要加上定冠词或物主代词等限定词。 It was the/my first visit to Europe. 那是(我)第一次去欧洲。 (2)分数的分母部分用序数词，分子为1时，分母用序数词的单数 形式，分子为2及以上时，分母用序数词的复数形式。 即学即练(单句语法填空/单句改错) 12019 全国卷短文改错Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very much._ fivefifth

26、“上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth/5th grade 或 in Grade 5/Five。 2 2020 衡水中学高三七调考试Whaling was a primary industry in Australia in the nineteenth and early _ (twenty) centuries but whaling in Australia was limited in 1987. twentieth 考查数词。句意：在 19 世纪和 20 世纪早期，捕鲸是澳大利亚的 主要产业表示“在世纪”时，通常用序数词，故填 twentieth。 3Hawking r

27、efused to accept the predictions that he would only live for a few years after developing a form of motor neurone disease in his early _ (twenty) twenties 考查数词。句意：霍金拒绝接受他在二十出头时患了运动神经元 病后只能活几年的预言。 in ones twenties“在某人二十多岁时”， 故填 twenties。 4With new technologies introduced, the company made _ (two) as many computers as the year before last. twice 两倍用 twice 来表示，两倍以上用数字加 times 来表示。句意为： 引进了新科学技术，公司制造的电脑是前年的两倍。 5 Two third of the islands population made a living by fishing._ thirdthirds 分子大于 1 时，分母要用复数形式，故 third 改为 thirds。