2021高考英语一轮复习阶梯一第一讲各司其职的8大句子成分课件新人教版.ppt

1、第一讲 各司其职的8大句子成分 技能提升技能提升 句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。句子成 分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等。 佳句输入 一、主语句子的主体 主语是句子的主体， 用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者， 除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。主语通常由名词、代词、数词、 动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当，一般用双横线“ ”标出。 2019 全国卷书面表达You can watch them in your spare time.(代词作主语) 2019 北京卷书面表达Transportation matters so much while tr

2、aveling.(名词作主语) 2018 全国卷书面表达To bring a small gift is a good idea.It is a good idea to bring a small gift.(动词不定式作主语) 2017 全国卷书面表达To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am. next Friday.(从句作主语) Forming a good ha

3、bit in our daily life is of great benefit to us.(动名 词短语作主语) 佳句输出 用双横线“ ”标出下列句子的主语。 2019 江苏卷书面表达Whats more, the traditional Chinese dress cant reflect the unique culture of our school. 2018 全国卷书面表达Im pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner. 2016 高考四川卷书面表达 Different people like d

4、ifferent seasons; my favourite season is spring. 江西卷书面表达To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn. 2015 高考天津卷书面表达What I am going to tell you is about donating books from our school to your Chinese class.佳句输入 Whats more, the traditional Chinese dress cant reflect the unique c

5、ulture of our school. Im pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner. Different people like different seasons; my favourite season is spring. To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn. What I am going to tell you is about donating books from our school to y

6、our Chinese class. 二、 谓语主语的行为 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，一般用单横线 “_”标出。 (1)实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化 (2)系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语 (3)助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语， “助动词/情态动词实 义动词”可以作谓语 2019 全国卷书面表达I_can_give a brief introduction of these masterpieces from the perspective of a native speaker of China. (“情态动 词实义动词”作谓语) 2019

7、 全国卷书面表达I have good news to tell you that a music festival will be held in our school hall on June 5 at 2：00 pm. (实义 动词作谓语) 2019 全国卷书面表达I am_good at English and familiar with Chinese paintings. (系表结构作谓语) 佳句输出 用单横线“_”标出下列句子的谓语。 Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer. When he got up

8、at 7：00 am., a big plan occurred to him. The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull. We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. 2018 高考浙江卷书面表达Whats more, I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends. Half an hour later, I managed t

9、o find the correct answer. When he got up at 7：00 am., a big plan occurred to him. The watch is_necessary in our daily life, but its function is_too_simple_and_dull. We may_have different opinions in organizing class activities. Whats more, I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends. 佳句输

10、入 三、宾语动作的对象 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。 可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等， 一般用波浪线“ ”标出。 2019 全国卷书面表达So I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer.(名词作宾语) 2019 全国卷书面表达Im glad to tell you that a Chinese classical music concert will be held in the music hall of our school on November 8th. (从句作宾语) 2

11、018 全国卷书面表达Dont forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers.(不定式作宾语) 佳句输出 用波浪线“ ”标出下列句子的宾语。 2016 全国卷书面表达Ive already written the application letter and personal resume. Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before setting out. 2019 浙江卷书面表达Im sorry to h

12、ear that you are going to return to your country very soon. 2017 浙江卷书面表达I plan to go for an outing， and I would like to invite you to participate. Ive already written the application letter and personal resume. Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before setting out. I

13、m sorry to hear that you are going to return to your country very soon. I plan to go for an outing，and I would like to invite you to participate. 佳句输入 四、表语主语的特征 表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主 语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、 数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等，一般用虚 线“ ”标出。 2019 全国卷书面表达My name is Li Hua.(名词作表语) 2

14、019 全国卷书面表达My aim is to let China go to the world and let the world understand China.(不定式作表语) 2017 高考北京卷书面表达Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.(从句作表语) 2019 全国卷书面表达We are confident that we can win this competition. (形容词作表语) 佳句输出 用虚线“ ”标出下列句子的表语。 2017 全国卷书面表达It is a C

15、hinese folk art with a long history. 2017 高考浙江卷书面表达At eight on the morning of October 1, we are to gather at the school gate. 2016 全国卷书面表达The theme of the show is environmental protection. The most important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret

16、. It is a Chinese folk art with a long history. At eight on the morning of October 1, we are to gather at the school gate. The theme of the show is environmental protection. The most important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret. 佳句输入 五、定语名词的修

17、饰语 定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名 词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语 时往往放在被修饰词之后。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、 数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等，加黑标出。 2019 全国卷书面表达Im sure it is a good chance to perform your favorite music. (形容词作定语) 2017 全国卷书面表达The exhibition will be held in the City Museum located in the north of our city.

18、(分词作定语) 2019 全国卷书面表达Im a Chinese student who is taking a summer course in London now. (从句作定语) 佳句输出 用加黑标出下列句子的定语。 2019 全国卷书面表达Im deeply convinced that I can be a devoted volunteer. 2019 全国卷书面表达Im writing to tell you something about the upcoming volleyball tournament, which is scheduled to be held in

19、the new stadium next month. 2019 北京卷书面表达As for clothes, sun- protective coats and hats would be necessary. All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day. Im deeply convinced that I can be a devoted volunteer. Im writing to tell

20、you something about the upcoming volleyball tournament, which is scheduled to be held in the new stadium next month. As for clothes, sun- protective coats and hats would be necessary. All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other da

21、y. 佳句输入 六、状语动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语 状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可 以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、介词、短语、不定式、 分词、独立主格和从句等，一般用加黑标出。 2019 全国卷书面表达Having known that a traditional Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery in London during the summer holiday, Im extremely excited.(分词短语做状语) 2018 全国卷书面表达To get a

22、good seat for seeing a film, youd better arrive a bit earlier.(不定式短语作状语) 2019 北京卷书面表达If you want a deep experience in the city, shared bikes would be the best choice.(从句作状语) 2019 全国卷书面表达Looking forward to seeing you soon. (副词作状语) 佳句输出 用加黑标出下列句子的状语。 After a weeks trip, he returned home，tired but very

23、 happy. 高考北京卷书面表达To solve this problem, my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster. 2019 全国卷书面表达So, please come to our school gym at 6： 00 pm and we train together. 2017 全国卷书面表达Visiting this exhibition, we will not only enjoy the folk art work

24、s, but also learn a lot. After a weeks trip, he returned home，tired but very happy. To solve this problem, my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster. So, please come to our school gym at 6：00 pm and we train together. Visiting this exhibition

25、, we will not only enjoy the folk art works, but also learn a lot. 佳句输入 七、补足语宾语或主语的补充说明 补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。 (1)补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语； (2)补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。 (3)可以用作补足语的有：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定 式、分词和从句等。 The president appointed John Manager of Marketing.(名词作宾 补) 总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。 Well try our best t

26、o make our country more and more beautiful.(形容词作宾补) 佳句输出 标出下列句子的补足语。 Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 2016 全国卷书面表达I hope the change will not caus

27、e you too much trouble. Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble. 佳句输入 八、同位语同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的名词或代词做进一步

28、解释、说明，与前面的成分在语 法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名 词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 2019 天津卷书面表达Im Li Jin, a student at Chenguang High School.(名词短语作同位语) 2017 高考天津卷书面表达There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts.(从句作同位语) 2017 高考北京卷书面表达Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, t

29、he longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.(名词作同位语) 佳句输出 标出下列句子的同位语。 They three want to travel around the world together on foot. We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly. I hold the o

30、pinion that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty. They three want to travel around the world together on foot. We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly. I hold the opinion that we shoul

31、d go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty. 完美成篇完美成篇 根据所给信息补全短文，并注意句子成分 2019 浙江卷书面表达 Dear Alex， How time flies! _ (要过一个星期你才能回到自己的国家). I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for your help. _ (首先， 谢谢你帮助 我学习英语). Without your help, I would not have made so great progress in English- le

32、arning. It will be a week before you go back to your own country First of all, thank you for helping me learn English Besides, _ (你 告诉我的有关你们国家的事开阔了我的眼界) and aroused my interest in foreign culture. I wish you all the best in the future and have a good journey. _ (期待你的下一次到来) Yours， Li Hua what you told me about your country broadened my horizons Looking forward to your next arrival