EBusiness物流运输与信息技术课件.ppt
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1、E-Business 第6章 物流运输与信息技术2022-12-13213nTo describe alternative transport modes,inter-modal combinations,and other transportation options.nTo examine the issues of transportation cost and performance measurement.nTo identify major transportation management activities of carriers and shippers.n主要参考书:物流
2、管理 1、2、7章 ISBN 7-5053-8737-5/FChapter Objective2022-12-13313nEfficient transportation systems are the hallmark特征of industrialized societies.nTransportation provides value-added through place utility地点效用 and time utility时间效用.nFor many firms,transportation is the largest logistics cost.nTransportation
3、 may account for a significant portion of the selling price of some products.1 Introduction2022-12-13433%42%38%20%8%6%4%3%1%砂石煤炭包心菜铁矿加工食品化学、塑胶机械设计电子产品药品1 Introduction不同产品运输成本占售价之比2022-12-135SupplierManufacturerCustomerInboundOutboundProduct/Info FlowsInfo/Return Goods Flows1 IntroductionTransportati
4、on Value Contribution2022-12-136711 IntroductionnFactors Influencing Transportation CostsnProduct-related factors(density密度,stowability可装载性,ease or difficulty of handling,liability可靠性)nMarket-related factorsnDegree of competitionnLocation of marketsnGovernment regulationnFreight traffic into and out
5、 of a marketnDomestic versus international movement2022-12-137732 Comparison of US Domestic Transportation ModesnService characteristicsnSpeed(time-in-transit)nAvailabilitynConsistency(delivery time variability)nLoss and damagenFlexibility(adjustment to shippers needs)2022-12-138722 Comparison of US
6、 Domestic Transportation ModesnEconomic characteristicsnCostnMarket coveragenDegree of competitionnPredominant trafficnAverage length of haul拖运货物的距离nEquipment capacity2022-12-139742 Comparison of US Domestic Transportation ModesnMotornRailnAirnWaternPipelinenThird partiesnSmall-package carriersnInte
7、rmodal servicesCarrier Options2022-12-13102 Comparison of US Domestic Transportation ModesEconomic Characteristics Motor Rail Air Water Pipeline Cost Moderate Low High Low Low Market coverage Point-to-point Terminal-to-terminal Terminal-to-terminal Terminal-to-terminal Terminal-to-terminal Number of
8、 competitors Many Moderate Moderate Few Few Predominant traffic All types Low-moderate value,moderate-high-density High value,low moderate density Low value,high density Low value,high density Average length of haul Short to long Medium to long Medium to long Medium to long Medium to long Equipment
9、capacity(tons)10-25 50-12,000 5-125 1,000-60,000 30,000-2,500,000 2022-12-13112 Comparison of US Domestic Transportation Modes Motor Rail Air Water Pipeline Speed Moderate Slow Fast Slow Slow Availability High Moderate Moderate Low Low Consistency(delivery time variability)High Moderate High Low-mod
10、erate High Loss and damage Low Moderate-high Low Low-moderate Low Flexibility(adjustment to shippers needs)High Moderate Low-moderate Low Low Service Characteristics2022-12-1312732 Comparison of US Domestic Transportation ModesnThird PartiesnTransportation brokers运输经纪人nFreight forwarders货物转运人nShippe
11、rs associations托运人协会nIntermodal marketing companies联运营销公司nThird-party logistics service providers第三方物流服务提供商2022-12-1313732 Comparison of US Domestic Transportation ModesnSmall-package CarriersnParcel PostnAdvantage:low cost and wide geographical coveragenDisadvantage:specific size and weight limitat
12、ions,variability in transit time,high loss and damage,and inconveniencenAir Express CompaniesnFedEx,UPS,TNT,DHL2022-12-1314732 Comparison of US Domestic Transportation ModesnIntermodal Service联运服务nPiggyback(TOFC/COFC)nRoadrailersnTrailer and tractor on flactarnOther intermodal IssuesnCombinations of
13、 air-seanCombinations of air-railnCombinations of truck-sea2 Comparison of US Domestic Transportation ModesROIImpactFleet Routing/SchedulingShipmentConsolidation&Carrier SelectionBidOptimizationSupplyChainStrategy/NetworkDesignExecutionTacticalTransportationModelingTransportation Management2022-12-1
14、316773 Carrier Pricingn Legally Defined Forms of TransportationnCommon carriers 普通承运人nContract carriers 合同承运人nExempt carriers 免责承运人nPrivate carriers 私有承运人2022-12-1317783 Carrier PricingnCarrier PricingnValue-of-service pricing服务价值定价nCost-of-service pricingnFree-on-board(FOB),离岸价格see Fig.7-3nDelivere
15、d pricingnQuantity discountsnAllowances补贴2022-12-1318783 Carrier Pricing nCategories of Rates p157nLine-haul rates线路费 -class rate等级费率 -exception rate例外费率 -commodity rate商品费率 -contract rate合同费率 -freight-all-kinds rate通用费率nAccessorial charges附加费2022-12-1319783 Carrier Pricing nDelivered pricing and Qu
16、antity discountsnDelivered pricing -Zone pricing -Basing-Point PricingnQuantity discounts -Cumulative quantity discounts -Noncumulative quantity discounts2022-12-13203 Carrier Pricing地地区区省区省区城市城市名称名称零零 担担到达到达时间时间(天)(天)地区地区省区省区城市城市名称名称零零 担担到达到达时间时间(天)(天)元元/吨吨元元/立方立方元元/吨吨元元/立立方方直辖市直辖市北京北京6006001601604
17、 4东北东北黑龙黑龙江江哈尔哈尔滨滨9509502202207-87-8天津天津6006001601604 4吉林吉林长春长春9009002002006-76-7上海上海4204201201203 3辽宁辽宁沈阳沈阳8008001801805 5重庆重庆7007001701704 4大连大连8008001801805 5备注:备注:1 1、整车面议。、整车面议。2 2、零担重货、零担重货2 2T T以上按此价格表执行,免费上门收、送货,如以上按此价格表执行,免费上门收、送货,如2 2T T以下加收送货费以下加收送货费8080元元-100-100元元/次。次。3 3、零担抛货、零担抛货5 5立方
18、以上按此价格表执行,免费上门收、送货,如立方以上按此价格表执行,免费上门收、送货,如5 5立方以下加收送货费立方以下加收送货费8080元元-100-100 元元/次。次。4 4、以上价格随着市场行情的波动而变化。、以上价格随着市场行情的波动而变化。2022-12-13213 Carrier Pricing运费计算方法:运费计算方法:1 1、整车货物每吨运价基价、整车货物每吨运价基价1 1基价基价2 2运价公里运价公里 2 2、零担货物每、零担货物每1010千克运价基价千克运价基价1 1基价基价2 2运价公里运价公里 3 3、集装箱货物每箱运价基价、集装箱货物每箱运价基价1 1基价基价22运价公
19、里运价公里 2022-12-1322nhttp:/ 物流与运输管理nMode/Carrier SelectionnProblem recognitionnSearch processnChoice processnPostchoice evaluation(Table 73)p1622022-12-13244 物流与运输管理SupplierManufacturerCustomerInboundOutboundDecision FlowStrategicOperationalMacroMicroDecision ScopeTotal network and lane design decisio
20、nsDock level decisionsLane operation decisionsMode/carrier selection decisionsRate negotiationsIntegrated Transportation Decisions2022-12-13254 物流与运输管理(S=supplier,P=plant,W=warehouse,C=customer)SSSSPPPPWWWCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCSCCCNetwork Freight Flows2022-12-13264 物流与运输管理nLane Operation Decisions2022-1
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