AcidsandBasesJudsonIndependentSchoolDistrict：酸和碱贾德森独立学区课件.ppt

1、Acids and Bases QuizIndicate whether each compound is an acid,base,Neutral Salt(NS),dilute(D)or concentrated(C)8M Ni(OH)22M HBr12M NaOH.012M HC2H3O210M NaNO3AcidsBasesSome Properties of AcidsProduce H+(as H3O+)ions in water (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a water molecule)Taste sour

2、 Corrode metalsElectrolytesReact with bases to form a salt and waterpH is less than 7Turns blue litmus paper to red “Blue to Red A-CID”Acid Nomenclature ReviewAcid Nomenclature Flowcharthydro-prefix-ic ending2 elements-ate endingbecomes-ic ending-ite endingbecomes-ous endingno hydro-prefix3 elements

3、ACIDSstart with HAcid Nomenclature Review2-B turned in:Name Em!Some Properties of BasesSome Common BasesAcid/Base definitions Definition#1:Arrhenius(traditional)Acids produce H+ions(or hydronium ions H3O+)Bases produce OH-ions(problem:some bases dont have hydroxide ions!)Arrhenius acid is a substanc

4、e that produces H+(H3O+)in waterArrhenius base is a substance that produces OH-in waterAcid/Base Definitions Definition#2:Brnsted LowryAcids proton donorBases proton acceptorA“proton”is really just a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron!A Brnsted-Lowry acid is a proton donorA Brnsted-Lowry base

5、is a proton acceptoracidconjugate basebaseconjugate acidBaseAcidAcidBaseNH4+OH-NH3 +H2O2B turned in:Learning Check!HONORS ONLY!Definition#3 Lewis HHHBASEOHOHH+ACIDHeme groupCalculating the pHpH=-log H+(Remember that the mean Molarity)Example:If H+=1 X 10-10pH=-log 1 X 10-10pH=-(-10)pH=10Example:If H

6、+=1.8 X 10-5pH=-log 1.8 X 10-5pH=-(-4.74)pH=4.74More About WaterHONORS ONLY!More About WaterOH-H3O+HONORS ONLY!pOHpHH+OH-pOH3The pH of rainwater collected in a certain region of the northeastern United States on a particular day was 4.82.What is the H+ion concentration of the rainwater?The OH-ion co

7、ncentration of a blood sample is 2.5 x 10-7 M.What is the pH of the blood?-Calculating H3O+,pH,OH-,and pOHProblem 1:A chemist dilutes concentrated hydrochloric acid to make two solutions:(a)3.0 M and(b)0.0024 M.Calculate the H3O+,pH,OH-,and pOH of the two solutions at 25C.Problem 2:What is the H3O+,

8、OH-,and pOH of a solution with pH=3.67?Is this an acid,base,or neutral?Problem 3:Problem#2 with pH=8.05?HNO3,HCl,H2SO4 and HClO4 are among the only known strong acids.The strength of an acid(or base)is determined by the amount of IONIZATION.HONORS ONLY!HONORS ONLY!HONORS ONLY!HONORS ONLY!HONORS ONLY

9、!HONORS ONLY!Ka H3O+OAc-HOAc 1.8 x 10-5HONORS ONLY!Increase strengthIncrease strengthHONORS ONLY!HONORS ONLY!HONORS ONLY!HONORS ONLY!HONORS ONLY!Ka 1.8 x 10-5=H3O+OAc-HOAc x21.00-xHONORS ONLY!Ka 1.8 x 10-5=H3O+OAc-HOAc x21.00-xKa 1.8 x 10-5=x21.00HONORS ONLY!Ka 1.8 x 10-5=x21.00HONORS ONLY!HONORS ON

10、LY!HONORS ONLY!HONORS ONLY!Kb 1.8 x 10-5=NH4+OH-NH3=x20.010-xHONORS ONLY!HONORS ONLY!HONORS ONLY!pH testingPaper testingpH paperpH meterpH indicators Indicators are dyes that can be added that will change color in the presence of an acid or base.Some indicators only work in a specific range of pH On

11、ce the drops are added,the sample is ruined Some dyes are natural,like radish skin or red cabbage You try this dilution problem You have a stock bottle of hydrochloric acid,which is 12.1 M.You need 400 mL of 0.10 M HCl.How much of the acid and how much water will you need?谢谢你的阅读v知识就是财富v丰富你的人生77谢谢！谢谢！