英语国家社会与文化入门下册教学课件 U3.pptx（纯ppt,无音视频）

1、英语国家社会与文化入门英语国家社会与文化入门(下册）The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking CountriesAn Introduction(Book Two)The United States of AmericaUnit 3 American BeginningsQuizGive the English and a brief explanation for the following:1 马丁 路德2 哥伦布3 清教徒4 五月花公约5 波士顿倾茶事件Focal Points The discovery of the Americ

2、as The Three forces that led to the development of Europe and the English permanent settlements in North America The four colonial patterns in North America -Jamestown,Virginia -Puritan New England -Catholic Maryland -Quaker Pennsylvania The American RevolutionThis Unit Is Divided into Four Sections

3、I.The Discovery of the AmericasII.The Three Forces that Led to the Development of Europe and the English Permanent Settlements of Europeans in North AmericaIII.The Four Colonial Patterns in North America IV.The American RevolutionI.The Discovery of the Americas The first long-continuing immigration

4、movement to the Americas from Asia began probably 25000 years ago,and Siberian tribes crossed over the Bering Strait to Alaska,mistakenly called Indians (The second immigration movement from Europe began with the expansion of Europe from the 16th century)Christopher Columbus and John Cabot In 1492 C

5、hristopher Columbus,sailing from Spain,landed on one of the Bahamas Islands in the Caribbean Sea and“discovered”the New World.In 1497 John Cabot arrived in todays Canada;The English king claimed that North America belonged to England.Christopher Columbus(left)and John Cabot(right)II.The Three Forces

6、 that Led to the Development of Europe and the English Permanent Settlements of Europeans in North America A.The development of capitalism in the 16th and 17th centuries and growth of the bourgeoisie and working classII.The Three Forces that Led to the Development of Europe and the English Permanent

7、 Settlements of Europeans in North AmericaB.The Renaissance(from the mid 14th to the end of the 16th century God-centered world challenged;authority of the Bible challenged;changing outlook on life;the burst of creativity in the fine arts;flourishing in the literary sphere;expansion of scientific an

8、d philosophical horizonsRenaissanceLeonardo da VinciNicolaus CopernicusII.The Three Forces that Led to the Development of Europe and the English Permanent Settlements of Europeans in North AmericaC.The Religious Reformation(or Protestant Reformation)Martin Luther and John Calvin They believed that s

9、inful men could only win salvation by faith in Jesus Christ;They believed that Bible was the only true guide to the will of God;They challenged the authority of the Pope and the Catholic Church;They believed in establishing a direct contact with God The Religious ReformationMartin LutherChurch selli

10、ng indulgencesIII.The Four Colonial Patterns in North America:The First Colonial Pattern-Jamestown in VirginiaThe first English permanent settlement was founded in 1607 in Jamestown,Virginia(Left).The above picture shows the fort of Jamestown.Two events that took place in Jamestown that would influe

11、nce the shaping of American culture The House of Burgesses The start of enslavementSlave TradeAn advertisement for a slave auctionA slave shipThe Second Colonial PatternPuritan New EnglandPuritanism God incomprehensible to man;the power of God being all-knowing;some people as Gods elect and the succ

12、ess of ones work or the prosperity in his calling as the sign of being Gods elect;the Bible as the authority of their doctrinePersecution of Puritans in England and fleeing to HollandThe ship MayflowerThe Mayflower CompactPuritan Legacies The notion of building“a city upon hill”an ideal community,a

13、worthy model for other nations;Individualism;Hard work;Respect of educationSettlement in Plymouth Settlement was founded at Plymouth,Massachusetts in 1620The Third Colonial PatternCatholic Maryland The colony founded by Lord Baltimore(right)in Maryland in 1632;Baltimores experiment to establish a fe

14、udal system in the colony;Failure of his feudal planThe Fourth Colonial PatternQuaker Pennsylvania In 1681 William Penn(right)used the debt the English king owed to his father to obtain a grant from the king to set up a colony in North America.Quakerism Quakers believed in God through their faith wi

15、thout the help of church and priests.They built no church and trained no priest.They communicated directly with God.They lived a simple life and worked hard.They refused all forms of war and followed a passive resistance.QuakersQuaker Pennsylvaniathe Holy Experiment Religious freedom for all settler

16、s;Easy for people to get land;Encouraging the spirit of equality;Attracting Germans,French,Irish and English settlers and practicing the idea of the melting-pot;Electing a representative assembly;Great impact on American cultureIV.The American Revolution By the early 1760s,the 13 English colonies in

17、 North America had developed a similar American pattern in politics,economy and cultural lifeready to break away from the Old World.Britains victory over France in the Seven Years War(French and Indian War)led to a conflict with its American colonies -new taxes -Quartering Act -“No taxation without

18、representation”The Boston Tea Party in 1773The First Continental Congress The First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia on September 5,1774 -to urge Americans to disobey the English“Intolerable Acts”-to boycott British trade The First Continental Congress in PhiladelphiaThe American War of

19、 Independence The first shot of the war was fired in 1775 in a small town Concord near Boston.Thus the American War of Independence began.The American RevolutionIn1775 the Second Continental Congress met to take on the functions of a national Government;it founded a Continental Army and Navy under t

20、he command of George Washington.The American RevolutionThe Declaration of independence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson(right),assisted by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin.It was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4,1776,officially proclaiming the independence of the 13 North American

21、 colonies.The Signing of the Declaration of Independence “We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal;that they were endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights;that among these,are life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”The Declaration of IndependenceQues

22、tions for Discussion A.How was the New World related with and,at the same time,different from the Old World?B.What cultural heritage did the English permanent settlements leave for the future of America?C.Why did the Catholic Maryland colonial pattern fail while the other patterns thrived?D.What were the causes of the American War of Independence?The End 高等教育出版社高等教育出版社20152015