ChemicalFactorsatWorkplacesOICVET：在工作场所oicvet化学因素课件.ppt

1、CHEMICALS IN THE WORKPLACEEsra YILMAZEnvironmental Engineer2 Content General information about chemicals Routes of entry into the body/health effects Common chemical groups that cause health risks Factors that determine the type of toxic effect a chemical can have on you.3CHAPTER I:General informati

2、on about chemicals4Chemicals Chemicals are a part of everyones life.There are five to seven million different chemicals known in the world.At least four hundred million tonnes of chemicals are produced worldwide each year(including agricultural chemicals,food additives,fuels for power production,che

3、mical consumer products,etc.)5Types of chemicals found in the workplace The main physical forms of chemicals are solids,dusts,liquids,vapours and gases.6Solids Solids are the least likely of the chemical forms to cause chemical poisoning.Dusts are tiny particles of solids.Dusts8Liquids Many hazardou

4、s substances,such as acids and solvents,are liquids when they are at normal temperature.9 Vapours A vapour is the gas phase of a material which is normally liquid under standard conditions.10 Gases Some chemical substances are in the form of a gas when they are at a normal temperature.However,some c

5、hemicals in liquid or solid form become gases when they are heated.11ClassificationAccording toBiological EffectsAsphyxiant gases Irritant gasesChlorine,phosgene,nitrogen compoundsSystematic gasesalcohols and carbon tetrachloride Narcotic gasesToluene,benzeneSimple asphyxiants(CO2,methane,ethane,but

6、hane,nitrogen gases)Chemical asphyxiants(CO,hydrogen sulphide)Gases 12CHAPTER II:Routes of entry into the body/health effects13ROUTES of ENTRY INTO THE BODYIngestionInhalation Contact with skin or eyes(absorption)14ROUTES of ENTRY INTO THE BODY-1InhalationMore hazardous agents get into your body by

7、inhalation(by being breathed in)than by any other route.15How do you know whether you are being exposed to respiratory hazards at work?smell sneezing coughing a runny nose Warning signals are:16ROUTES of ENTRY INTO THE BODY-2IngestionHazardous agents can also get into the body by ingestion.17ROUTES

8、of ENTRY INTO THE BODY-3AbsorptionSome chemicals(such as strong acids and alkalis)can damage your skin.This condition is called dermatitis.18Contact dermatitisAnother common occupational skin disease is contact dermatitis a type of allergic reaction.19Some of the chemicals that cause contact dermati

9、tis are:formaldehyde;nickel compounds;epoxy resins and catalysts used in the plastics industry;germicidal agents used in soap and other cleaners chromates.20CHAPTER III:Common chemical groups that cause health risks21GasesSulphur oxides,Nitrogen oxides,Chlorine,AmmoniaSome toxic gases are corrosive

10、and irritating to the respiratory system.Hydrogen cyanideSome gases can pass through the skinCarbon monoxideSome gases may enter the blood circulation.22Solvents Most industrial solvents are liquid organic chemicals Many of them evaporate rapidly at ambient temperatures They are often flammable and

11、may ignite by heat from smoking,welding or static electricity.Example of very dangerous solvents:Benzene,carbon tetra cloride,carbon disulphide.23Metals Metals can enter the body in the form of dust and fumes(in grinding or welding)or even through the skin.24Acids and bases Strong acids and bases ar

12、e mostly used as water solutions.They are corrosive to human tissue.25Pesticides Pesticides are used in industry,for example,to impregnate wood,and in agriculture to control insects,weed,fungi,and rats.26Different organs and tissues that can be affected by certain toxic industrial chemicals.27CHAPTE

13、R IV:Factors that determine the type of toxic effect a chemical can have on you.28the route of entry by which the chemical gets into the bodythe workers individual response to the chemical,which can vary a great deal from person to personthe frequency,concentration,and length of exposurethe physical

14、 form of the chemical(dust,vapour,liquid,etc.)the chemical composition of the hazardous substance the particular tissues and organs in which the chemical collects or localizesfactors that determine the type of toxic effect a chemical can have on youfactors that determine the type of toxic effect a c

15、hemical can have on you 29Chemical Physical form Method of entry Organ(s)thatcan be affected Class ofeffectExamples of Cadmium metal and some of its compoundsDusts,vapours Dusts Inhalation Ingestion Lungs,throat,kidneys Poisonous,causing damage to lungs,kidneys on chronicexposure.Metal industries,we

16、lding processes,heavy chemicals Benzene Vapour InhalationAbsorption through skin Brain,bone,marrow,skin Poisonous.PossiblycarcinogenicMany industrial activities,especially chemical industry,adhesives,paints,etc.Nickel andsome of itscompounds DustsVapour Absorptionthrough skin Inhalation Skin Lungs,n

17、asal passages DermatiticIrritant in lungs(nickel carbonyl).Carcinogenic on chronic exposure Metallurgical industries,heavy chemicals,laboratory workers 30SummaryChemicals are a part of everyones life.The main physical forms of chemicals are solids,dusts,liquids,vapours and gases.Routes of entry into the body:inhalation,ingestion,absorptionThere are a lot of factors that determine the type of toxic effect a chemical can have on youBe aware different chemical materials in your workplace and you can exposure to them.31THANK YOU!谢谢你的阅读v知识就是财富v丰富你的人生