英语构词法-复合词课件.ppt

1、definition compound:In linguistics,a compound consists of more than one stem.Compounding refers to the faculty and device of language to form new words by combining or putting together.In other words,compound,compounding occurs when a person attaches two or more words together to make them one word.

2、classification Compound Nouns Compound adjectives Compound VerbsCompound Nouns A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more words.Each compound noun acts as a single unit and can be modified by adjectives.three forms for compound nouns 1.open or spaced-space between words(tennis shoe)2.hy

3、phenated-hyphen between words(six-minute)3.closed or solid-no space or hyphen between words(bedroom）A.noun+noun：honeybee:honey+bee housework:house+work dinning room:dinning+room kingship:king+ship snowman:snow+man snowball:snow+ball snowfall :snow+fall boyhood：boy+hood hitchhiker:hitch+hiker skyjack

4、er:sky+jacker football:foot+ball daydream:day+dream shoelace:shoe+lace weekend:week+end classroom:class+room fire-fly（萤火虫）:fire+fly boy/girl friend:boy/girl+friend policeman:police+man B.adjective+noun full moon:full+moon clearway(超速道路)：clear+way easy-chair（安乐椅）:easy+chair redhead:red+head freshwate

5、r:fresh+water hardwood:hard+wood grandfather:grand+father blackboard:black+board software:soft+ware(制品；器具；货物)freshman:fresh+man shorthand(速记）:short+hand deadline:dead+line wasteland:waste+land C.Verb+noun:breakfast breakwater driveway chat room jump suit(跳伞服）work experience swearword playboy pick po

6、cket D verb(-ing)+noun：washing machine running water working class ruling class writing desk writing paper chewing gum reading lamp waiting list divingboard跳板 driving license驾驶执照 landing card登陆卡 E.Noun+verb/（-ing）sunrise haircut nightfall Snowfall toothpick surfride fruit picking lorry driving开运货汽车

7、coalmining weightlifting birdwatching handwriting bookkeeping F.adverb+noun onlooker bystander(旁观者）under-clothes after-effect upgrade overburden underworld downfall (垮台，大雨，衰败）overcoat G.adverb+verb Over(结束）throw inputoutput outlet upset(翻倒，混乱）upturn Upstart onflow(湍流）outbreak outcome Verb+prepositio

8、n:check-out/in take-offget-together Noun+prepositional phrase mother/father-in-law PronunciationCompound nouns tend to have more stress on the first word.Stress is important in compound nouns.a greenhouse=place where we grow plants(compound noun)a green house=house painted green(adjective and noun)a

9、 bluebird=type of bird(compound noun)a blue bird=any bird with blue feathers(adjective and noun Plural forms of compound nounsIn general we make the plural of a compound noun by adding-s to the base word(the most significant word).Look at these examples:singular plural a tennis shoe three tennis sho

10、es one assistant headmaster five assistant headmasters the sergeant major（军士长）some sergeants major a mother-in-law Two mothers-in-lawan assistant secretary of state three assistant secretaries of state my toothbrush our toothbrushes a woman-doctor four women-doctors a doctor of philosophy two doctor

11、s of philosophy a passerby,a passer-by two passersby,two passers-by Be careful!dead president busybody mad doctor=The Psychiatrist confidence man dressing room horse sense capital idea familiar talk white man Greek gift Compound noun quiz Using compound nouns,can you shorten the following phrases?1.

12、a room for stores a storeroom 2.the husband of my daughter my son-in-law 3.two periods of three months two three-month periodsCompound adjectives 1.A compound adjective is basically an adjective phrase made up of two or more words that serve as a single adjective when used together.2.As a general ru

13、le,the words in a compound adjective are hyphenated when they come before a noun(a well-known actor)but not when they come after(The actor is well known).3.Also,compound adjectives formed with an adverb ending in-ly(such as rapidly changing)are usually not hyphenated.Examples:1.Please request a four

14、-foot table.(Four-foot is an adjective describing the table.A hyphen is used to link fourand foot to show that it is one adjective.)2.It is a 6-page document.3.Claire worked as a part-time keeper at the park.4.That is an all-too-common mistake.http:/ The warm-hearted man bought a ready-made toy(热心的人

15、儿买个现成的玩具热心的人儿买个现成的玩具)；The hard-working man produced a hand-made toy(勤劳的人儿做个手工的玩具勤劳的人儿做个手工的玩具)；The good-looking man loves to eat fat-free food(相貌堂堂的人喜欢低脂食品相貌堂堂的人喜欢低脂食品)；The peace-loving man loves to be well-behaved(热爱和平的人喜爱彬彬有礼热爱和平的人喜爱彬彬有礼)；The one-eyed man was born a baby-faced one(独眼的男子天生有张娃娃脸独眼的男子

16、天生有张娃娃脸)；The low-cost journey must be a seven-day one(低成本的旅游当数七日游低成本的旅游当数七日游).doggerel1.adj+noun+-ed warm-hearted kind-hearted bad-tempered sweet-tempered fresh-faced middle-aged white-haired short-sighted warm-blooded cold-blooded light-hearted light-headed头晕 light-fingered open-minded slow-footed

17、cross-eyed good-natured sharp-eyed iron-willed red-lipped 2.adj/adverb+past participle:far-fetched(牵强附会的）ready-madedeep-set new-born badly-wounded highly-developedwell-informed消息灵通的 poorly-litwell-known quickly-cured better-trained poorly-dressed well-cut hard-wonnewly-made well-behaved well-spread

18、newly married 3.adverb+verb(-ing):everlasting hard-working slow-thinking fast-thinking fast-moving slow-moving4.noun+past participle：man-made home-made hand-made grass-covered water-covered snow-covered travel-worn(旅行得疲乏的）air-filled poverty-stricken sun-burnt heart-felt(衷心的）self-taught air-borne(忍受；

19、负荷)hen-pecked(啄食；扔石头；吹毛求疵）good-looking fast-developing ordinary-looking free-standingfunny-looking soft-feeling tired-looking far-reaching easy-going familiar-soundingbad-smelling 5.adj+verb(-ing):6.noun+adjsnow-white color-blindday-long life-long Waterproof(不能透入的)nation-wideduty-free fire-resistant

20、反抗的；顽固的 world-famous tax-free car-sick tight-lipped 嘴紧的 airtight ice-cold world-wide 7.noun+verb(-ing):peace-loving freedom-loving time-saving self-generating.产生的；生成的 summer-flowering kite-flyingocean-going mouth-wateringEnglish-speaking fun-lovingearth-shaking long-sufferingtime-consuming 8.number+

21、noun+-ed:a four-storeyed building a three-legged table a four-footed ladder a tree-lined avenue a one-eyed man two-sided two-faced chicken-hearted honey-mouthed9.noun+noun+-ed:10.adj+noun:full-time fast-food long-distance full-length white/blue-collar red-letter(喜庆的）high-level shorter-term large-sca

22、le deep-sea mid-term part-time special-grade high-minded 11.number+noun:A four-star hotel a six-pound chicken a seven-day journey a four-hour meeting a second-hand booka one-room house a one-child familya three-good student a two-person tent12.verb+noun:break-neck telltate(搬弄是非的）cut-rate(减价的，次等的）13.

23、adj+adj wet-cold icy-cold red-hot bitter-sweet light/dark-blue deaf-mutepale yellow14.verb(-ing)+adj:steaming-hot smoking-hot(滚烫的）biting-coldfreezing-coldsoaking-wetwringing-wet15.Adverb+adj:ever-victorious over-cautious all-round16.noun+noun:X-ray（X光的）光的）English-language（英国语言的）（英国语言的）17.preposition

24、al phrase at-risk in-your-face(明目张胆的）18.Sentence compound adjectives devil-may-care dog-eat-dog run-of-the-mill(平常的）dot-and-dash(莫斯科电码的）practice1.This is a dress which was made by hand.This is a _ hand-made _ dress.2.It is a walk which takes just 7 minutes.It is just a _ seven-minute _ walk.3.I like

25、 the house which was painted brown.I like the _ brown-painted _ house.4.Can you see the star which is shining brightly?Can you see the _ brightly-shining _ star.5.This is a cake which is made carefully.This is a _carefully-made_ cake.Compound Verbs In linguistics,a compound verb is a multi-word comp

26、ound that acts as a single verb.One component of the compound is a light verb,which carries any inflections,indicating tense,mood,or aspect,but provides only fine shades of meaning.The other,primary“component is a verb or noun which carries most of the semantics of the compound,and determines its ar

27、guments.Dont underestimate her potential.In this sentence,underestimate is a compound verb which contains two morphemes,under and estimate.1.noun+verb:sleepwalk windsurf brainwash cross-question sidestep2.adjective+noun whitewash dry-clean safeguard blacklist fast-talk3.adverb+verb:download overthro

28、w overtake downsize upgrade uplift upbuild overrate underestimate outgo outdo outeat outrun(超过；跑得比快)off-load 1.Conversion（转化法）2.Back-formation(逆生法）Usually:dancer&dancing(dance+-er&-ing）Conversion to nickname nickname to spotlight spotlight to honeymoon honeymoon to outline outline to machine-gun machine-gun Back-formation to mass-produce mass-production to proof-read(校对）proofreading to chain-smoke chain smoker to speed-read speed-reading to soft-land soft landing to sight-see sight-seeing to tape-record tape recorder