高中英语语法-动词的时态、语态(共37张)课件.pptx

1、动词的时态、语态01010202动词的时态动词的时态一般现在时|一般过去时|一般将来时|过去将来时|现在完成时|过去完成时|现在完成进行时|现在进行时|过去进行时动词的语态动词的语态被动语态的构成|被动语态的基本用法|主动形式表示被动意义I.单句语法填空|II.单句改错|III.翻译句子 0303针对训练针对训练12022-11-7 问题诊断22022-11-7.单句语法填空1.Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country _(grow)more corn than rice.(201

2、8全国卷)2.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _(start)a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(2018全国卷)3.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature，the huge animal _(mean)m

3、e no real harm.He was just saying：“Im king of this forest，and here is your reminder!”(2018全国卷)4When fat and salt _(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017全国卷)are removed has grown startedmeant32022-11-7.单句改错1.I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high

4、school.(2018全国卷)2.It was Monday morning，and the writing class had just begin.(2018全国卷)3I had grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.(2017全国卷)4About one month after this photo was took,I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.

5、(2017全国卷)havetakenwerebegun42022-11-75Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.(全国卷)6A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.(全国卷)usedtold52022-11-7一、一般现在时一般现在时的构成。一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语一般由动词原形后加s或es构成。其变化规则如下：162022-11-7一

6、、一般现在时一般现在时的构成。172022-11-7一、一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作，句中常用 often，usually，sometimes，every day 等时间状语。表示客观事实、真理格言或者警句。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。表示按时间表计划、规定将要发生的动作，但限于少数动词，如：begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close，take off等。2一般现在时的用法。He goes to school by bicycle every day.As we all know，objects

7、 fall to the ground because of gravity.When I graduate，Ill go to the countryside.The meeting begins at seven.The plane takes off at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.82022-11-7二、一般过去时 一般过去时的构成。1一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，规则动词的过去式一般由动词原形加ed构成，其变化规则如下：92022-11-7二、一般过去时 2一般过去时的用法。表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态，常有表示过去时间的状语，或有上下文暗

8、示；还可表示 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明,但实际上是刚才,刚刚”发生,或者是表示说话人原来没有料到、想到、注意到、认出或忘记等应使用一般过去时。He finished writing his novel last month.I felt very tired when I got home，and I went straight to bed.When I was a child，I often played football in the street.

9、He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.Your phone number again？I didnt quite catch it.I didnt recognize him.102022-11-7二、一般过去时 火眼金睛：Mr.White _ in Paris for seven years，and he lives in Beijing now.怀特先生在巴黎住过七年，他现在住在北京。lived表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。112022-11-7三、一般将来时will/shall动词原形。1表示客观的将

10、来，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next week等连用。shall一般用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称。My birthday is coming.I shall be 18 years old.We will have a meeting tomorrow.What time is it?I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you.一般将来时表示从现在看来将要发生的动作或状态。will还可表达说话时临时做出的决定。122022-11-7三、一般将来时be going to动词原形。2“be going t

11、o动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。I am going to buy some books with my sister this afternoon.我打算下午和姐姐去买些书。Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.看那些乌云。天要下雨了。132022-11-7三、一般将来时be to 动词原形，表示按计划进行的动作或征求对方意见。还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。3The boy is to go to school tomorrow.男孩明天要去上学。Are we to go on with this work?我

12、们要继续这项工作吗？Youre to be back before five oclock.5点前你要回来。A meeting is to be held at 3clock this afternoon.会议将于今天下午3点举行。142022-11-74be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.秋收即将开始。152022-11-7be to do和be going to do的区别be to do表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to do表示主观的打算或计划。I am to

13、 play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主观想法)162022-11-7四、过去将来时过去将来时的常用表达法：would/should动词原形。1表示对过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在状态。I hoped that we would meet again someday.I would swim in the small river after school when I was a child.表示过去的某种习惯行为。

14、172022-11-7四、过去将来时过去将来时的其他表达法2was/were going to do表示过去的打算和意图。was/were to动词原形。这种结构通常指过去的计划、安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。was/were about to动词原形。这种结构表示过去即将发生的事，常与when连用。He was going to start work the following week.He said he was to meet his friend at the station at 4 pm.I was about to go out when s

15、omeone called me.182022-11-7五、现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或已经完成的某一动作.常与lately,recently,so far,by now,up to/till now,in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用。1I dont want to go to the cinema with you，because I have seen the film already.The film Wolf Warrior has received good reviews since it came out las

16、t month.现在完成时的谓语构成：have(has)过去分词。2.表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“for时间段”，“since时间点”等表示一段时间的状语连用。192022-11-7五、现在完成时常用现在完成时的句型3It is(has been)three years since he joined the army.It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.It is the third time that you h

17、ave been late for work this week，isnt it?在“It(This)is the best(worst，most interesting等)名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。在“It(This)is(will be)the first/second/third.timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。It is(has been)一段时间since从句202022-11-7六、过去完成时过去完成时的构成为haddone。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，句中有明显的表示过去的参照动作或时间状语。(by，by t

18、he end of，by the time，until，before，since等表示过去某一时间的短语或从句)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式,即:hoped/planned.to have done。1Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.By the time Jack returned home fr

19、om England，his son had graduated from college.We had hoped that you would come，but you didnt.2212022-11-7六、过去完成时常用过去完成时的句型3Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.这是她第二次看见她

20、的祖父了。“hardly(scarcely).when.，no sooner.than.”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“刚就”。表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。222022-11-7六、过去完成时4“时间名词before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连接时，多用一般过去时。在before或after引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。He said his first teacher had died a

21、t least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.After he(had)left the room，the boss came in.232022-11-7七、现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时的构成为have/hasbeendoing.常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作 表示某种感情色彩。1Tom looks tired because he has been cleaning

22、 the house since 9 am.You have been saying you can succeed for five years.Too much has been happening today.23242022-11-7现在完成时与现在完成进行时He has written a book He has been writing a book.He has taught for 30 years.He has been teaching for 30 years.已经写完已经写完不一定写完不一定写完意思差别不大意思差别不大252022-11-7八、现在进行时现在进行时的构成

23、。1现在进行时的构成形式为：am/is/arev.ing。v.ing形式的变化规则如下：262022-11-7八、现在进行时现在进行时的用法。2We are waiting for you at the airport.Mr.Green is writing another novel these days.Its getting warmer and warmer.。You are always changing your mind.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。表示当前一段时间正在进行的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。表示逐渐变化的动作，这样的动词有：get，grow，becom

24、e，turn，run，go，begin等。与always，constantly，forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观感情色彩。272022-11-7八、现在进行时不用进行时的动词 3(1)表示事实状态的动词和心理状态的动词，如 belong,possess,owe，exist，include，contain，continue，know，realize，believe，suppose，imagine，agree，recognize，prefer，understand等。This house belongs to my sister.这房子是我姐的。(

25、2)系动词，如seem，remain，lie，see，hear，smell，feel，taste，get，become，turn等。You seem a little tired.你看上去有点累282022-11-7九、过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或者某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有：at six this morning，the whole morning，all day yesterday，from nine to ten last evening等。I was making a modal plane at nine yesterday evening.我昨天

26、晚上九点正在制作模型飞机。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。12过去进行时的另一个主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生，常用于when和 while引导的时间状语从句。292022-11-7十、将来进行时（选讲）表示将来某时或某一时段正在进行的动作，常表示事情的正常发展。Ill be doing jobs about the house tomorrow.明天我将要干些家务活。We will be having a meeting at

27、 three oclock tomorrow afternoon.1302022-11-7一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化(以动词build为例)列表如下：312022-11-7二、被动语态的基本用法 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。1 为了强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.This jacket is made of cotton.Cars of this kind were mad

28、e in the 1980s.23 用在科技文献或新闻报道中。get过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。The patient got treated once a week.322022-11-7三、主动形式表达被动意义系动词(look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,seem,appear等)形容词或名词。表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin,finish,close,open,start,stop,shut，move,run等)。表示主语的特点或特征的动词(read,write,sell，wash,wear,cut,lock,act,draw,drive,

29、drink,eat,clean等)。The dish tastes good.The store closes at 6：00 pm.every day.Books of this kind sell well.The pen writes smoothly.123332022-11-7四、不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)(1)所有的所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。不能用于被动语态之中。(2)(2)表示表示状态的状态的谓语动词，如：谓语动词，如：lastlast，holdhold，containcontain，fitfit，costcost等。等。

30、(3)(3)表示表示归属归属的动词，如的动词，如havehave，ownown，belong tobelong to等。等。(4)(4)表示表示“希望、意图、喜好希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：的动词，如：wishwish，wantwant，hopehope，likelike，lovelove，hatehate等。等。(5)(5)宾语是宾语是反身代词反身代词或或相互代词相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。动语态。(6)(6)宾语是宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词同源宾语、不定式、动名词等等,谓语动词不用被动语态。谓语动词不用被动语态。342022-11-7.

31、单句改错1I learned great changes had been taken place in their life.(2019茂名五大联盟学校五月联考)2When I first came to England，I know little English.(2019日照4月联考)3They had probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and think we might do the same.(2019淄博模拟)4I had taken with me the two books you asked me t

32、o return to the city library.(2019山东师大附中模拟)knewhavehave352022-11-7.翻译句子1早睡早起是一个好习惯。2我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。3到目前为止，不止一名学生已经被录取到这家俱乐部。4电话铃响时我正好要上床睡觉。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining.More than one student has been admitted to the club s

33、o far.I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.362022-11-7.翻译句子5那是他第三次告诉我要注意书写。6在过去十年里，我们的城市里盖起了许多高楼大厦。7即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。8到现在为止，两条铁路的建筑工作已完成。It was the third time that he had told me to pay attention to my handwriting.In the past ten years，many tall buildings have been built in our city.We wont change our plan even if it rains tomorrow.The construction of the two new railway lines has been completed by now.372022-11-7