《英语短篇小说选读》讲义(第八周)概述课件.ppt

1、Photo by DarkElfPhoto-Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License https:/ with Haiku DeckPhoto by Zitona-Creative Commons Attribution License http:/ with Haiku DeckInstructor:Wang Jiumin25th October,2016Week 8Photo by 55Laney69-Creative Commons Attribution License https:/ with Haik

2、u DeckTodays Agendaabout the courseChapter 1 Plot(I)Photo by 55Laney69-Creative Commons Attribution License https:/ with Haiku DeckI.Definition of plotII.FunctionsIII.Case StudyChapter 4 Setting(I)Setting refers both to the time and place in which Setting refers both to the time and place in which t

3、he action of a story takes place.In other words,it the action of a story takes place.In other words,it is the is the background background against which the action of story against which the action of story occurs.occurs.The elements The elements of setting may include of setting may include：(1)(1)g

4、eographic location geographic location(2)(2)specific time period:the time of day or year or specific time period:the time of day or year or centurycenturyI.Definition of setting(3)General environment of the characters,such as(3)General environment of the characters,such as historical background,hist

5、orical background,religion,occupation,moral religion,occupation,moral and emotional conditions.and emotional conditions.(4)(4)The characters occupation and daily manner of The characters occupation and daily manner of living.living.II.Function of setting As the background,it is of great significance

6、 in the story,As the background,it is of great significance in the story,not only gives the reader the impression of verisimilitudenot only gives the reader the impression of verisimilitude,but also may functions as follows:but also may functions as follows:(1)(1)create a certain atmosphere e.g.Poes

7、 stories,Japan create a certain atmosphere e.g.Poes stories,Japan horror movies(midnight,desolate house/lift)horror movies(midnight,desolate house/lift)(2)(2)reveal the inner thought of the character reveal the inner thought of the character Setting is often established by description,but it may Set

8、ting is often established by description,but it may also be shown through characters action,dialogue or also be shown through characters action,dialogue or thinking.thinking.(3)help portray the characters and develop the(3)help portray the characters and develop the theme either through symbolic sug

9、gestion or more theme either through symbolic suggestion or more direct imagery.direct imagery.It was a big,squarish frame house that had once It was a big,squarish frame house that had once been white,decorated with cupolas and spires and been white,decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled ba

10、lconies in the heavily lightsome style of the scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies,set on what had once been our most select seventies,set on what had once been our most select street.But street.But garages and cotton ginsgarages and cotton gins had encroached had encro

11、ached and obliterated even the august names of that and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood;only Miss Emilys house was left,neighborhood;only Miss Emilys house was left,lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the the cotton w

12、agons and the gasoline pumps-cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore-an eyesore among eyesores.among eyesores.Case study I:A Rose for EmilyCase study I:A Rose for Emily那是一幢过去漆成白色的四方形大木屋，那是一幢过去漆成白色的四方形大木屋，坐落在当年一条最考究的街道上，还装坐落在当年一条最考究的街道上，还装点着有十九世纪七十年代风味的圆形屋点着有十九世纪七十年代风味的圆形屋顶、尖塔和涡形花纹的阳台，带有浓厚顶、尖

13、塔和涡形花纹的阳台，带有浓厚的轻盈气息。可是的轻盈气息。可是汽车间和轧棉机之类汽车间和轧棉机之类的东西侵犯了这一带庄严的名字，把它的东西侵犯了这一带庄严的名字，把它们涂抹得一干二净。们涂抹得一干二净。只有爱米丽小姐的只有爱米丽小姐的屋子岿然独存，屋子岿然独存，四周簇拥着棉花车和汽四周簇拥着棉花车和汽油泵油泵。房子虽已破败，却还是执拗不驯，。房子虽已破败，却还是执拗不驯，装模作样，真是丑中之丑。装模作样，真是丑中之丑。Case study I:A Rose for EmilyCase study I:A Rose for EmilyAfter civil war,the Souths outda

14、ted plantationAfter civil war,the Souths outdated plantationeconomy,based so long upon slave labor,was economy,based so long upon slave labor,was devastated.The northern industry invaded and devastated.The northern industry invaded and became widespread.With widespreadbecame widespread.With widespre

15、adindustrialization,Southern aristocratic family industrialization,Southern aristocratic family declined and lost its honor and authority.declined and lost its honor and authority.People hold a mixed feeling towards the Old South People hold a mixed feeling towards the Old South Culture,respect/ques

16、tion,and gradually forgotCulture,respect/question,and gradually forgotthe life of Emily(1861-1935)witnessed the great the life of Emily(1861-1935)witnessed the great change of the south.change of the south.Case study I:A Rose for EmilyCase study I:A Rose for EmilyShe tried hard to cling to the past,

17、which meant She tried hard to cling to the past,which meant privilege and glory to her.She cut herself off from the privilege and glory to her.She cut herself off from the changing world and lived in complete self-isolation.changing world and lived in complete self-isolation.Gradually,her characters

18、 distorted.Gradually,her characters distorted.Over the years,she was transformed from a Over the years,she was transformed from a subordinate young lady controlled by her domineering subordinate young lady controlled by her domineering father to a middle-aged woman courting a laborer father to a mid

19、dle-aged woman courting a laborer against the accusation of the community and then to against the accusation of the community and then to a crazy murderer who not only killed her love but also a crazy murderer who not only killed her love but also slept with the dead body.slept with the dead body.Se

20、tting:Setting:helping to understand the motivations,actions helping to understand the motivations,actions and reactions of Miss Emily/othersand reactions of Miss Emily/othersa small American Southern town after a small American Southern town after civil war(18611865)civil war(18611865)Case study I:A

21、 Rose for EmilyCase study I:A Rose for EmilyCase study II:The story of an HourCase study II:The story of an Hourthe story takes place the story takes place in one hour in the Mallard homein one hour in the Mallard home.Detailed information:season/historical background.Detailed information:season/his

22、torical background.She could see in the open square before her house the She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquivertops of trees that were all aquiver with with the new spring lifethe new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the st

23、reet The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares.The notes of a below a peddler was crying his wares.The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrow

24、s were twittering in the faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the there through the clouds that had met and piled above t

25、he other in the west facing her window.other in the west facing her window.Case study II:The story of an HourCase study II:The story of an Hour透过窗口，她可以看到屋前广场上的树梢在新透过窗口，她可以看到屋前广场上的树梢在新春的气息中兴奋地颤抖着。空气中弥漫着芬芳春的气息中兴奋地颤抖着。空气中弥漫着芬芳的雨的气息。窗下的街道上，一个小贩正在叫的雨的气息。窗下的街道上，一个小贩正在叫卖他的器皿。远处依稀传来缥缈的歌声，数不卖他的器皿。远处依稀传来缥缈的歌声

26、，数不清的麻雀也在屋檐下叽叽喳喳地唱个不停。清的麻雀也在屋檐下叽叽喳喳地唱个不停。对着她窗口西边的天空上，云朵层层叠叠地堆对着她窗口西边的天空上，云朵层层叠叠地堆积着，间或露出一绺绺蔚蓝的天空。积着，间或露出一绺绺蔚蓝的天空。SpringWhen Mrs.Mallard sits down in the room she becomes When Mrs.Mallard sits down in the room she becomes calm.She looks out of the window and see a new spring calm.She looks out of the

27、 window and see a new spring life outside.The beautiful images represent her feeling of life outside.The beautiful images represent her feeling of new lifenew life(Spring:Easter,rebirth of Jesus,new life,full of vitality (Spring:Easter,rebirth of Jesus,new life,full of vitality and hope)and hope)set

28、ting symbolizes setting symbolizes a new beginning for Mrs.Mallarda new beginning for Mrs.MallardTime The historical backgroundThe historical backgroundKate Chopin,Kate Chopin,the last part of the 19th centurythe last part of the 19th century the setting is a middle class in the USA in the late 1800

29、s the setting is a middle class in the USA in the late 1800s the the social status of womensocial status of women in the late 19th-century?in the late 19th-century?Generally,women werent liberated.Female liberation Generally,women werent liberated.Female liberation wasnt put on the agenda until the

30、1960s.wasnt put on the agenda until the 1960s.“angel in the house”“angel in the house”they did all the hard work in the house.they did all the hard work in the house.had had subordinate and oppressive positions in the marriagesubordinate and oppressive positions in the marriage Though her husband lo

31、ved her,Mrs.Mallard is Though her husband loved her,Mrs.Mallard is trapped in the marriage,losing freedom.trapped in the marriage,losing freedom.imagine a new life filled with happiness and freedomimagine a new life filled with happiness and freedom after her husbands death after her husbands death

32、the story describes the story describes the one hourthe one hour she spends dreaming she spends dreaming about her new life in freedom,from getting the about her new life in freedom,from getting the incorrect death message until tragically passing away incorrect death message until tragically passin

33、g away herself.herself.She lived in the true sense of the world,with She lived in the true sense of the world,with will,ambition and joy,for one hour only.will,ambition and joy,for one hour only.In this way,setting helps to develop the theme In this way,setting helps to develop the theme Case III.Hi

34、lls Like White ElephantsCase III.Hills Like White Elephants The hills across the valley of the Ebro1 were long and The hills across the valley of the Ebro1 were long and white.white.On this side there was no shade and no trees On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between

35、two lines of rails in the and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun.sun.Close against the side of the station there was the Close against the side of the station there was the warm shadow of the building and a curtain,made of warm shadow of the building and a curtain,made of strings

36、of bamboo beads,hung across the open door strings of bamboo beads,hung across the open door into the bar,to keep out flies.The American and the into the bar,to keep out flies.The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade,outside the girl with him sat at a table in the shade,outside

37、the buildingbuilding.It was very hot and the express from.It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes.It stopped at Barcelona would come in forty minutes.It stopped at this junction for two minutes and went on to Madrid this junction for two minutes and went on to Madr

38、id .埃布罗河河谷的那一边，白色的山冈起伏连绵。埃布罗河河谷的那一边，白色的山冈起伏连绵。这一边，白地一片，没有树木，车站在阳光下两这一边，白地一片，没有树木，车站在阳光下两条铁路线中间。紧靠着车站的一边，是一幢笼罩条铁路线中间。紧靠着车站的一边，是一幢笼罩在闷热的阴影中的房屋，一串串竹珠子编成的门在闷热的阴影中的房屋，一串串竹珠子编成的门帘挂在酒吧间敞开着的门口挡苍蝇。那个美国人帘挂在酒吧间敞开着的门口挡苍蝇。那个美国人和那个跟他一道的姑娘坐在那幢房屋外面阴凉处和那个跟他一道的姑娘坐在那幢房屋外面阴凉处的一张桌子旁边。天气非常热，巴塞罗那来的快的一张桌子旁边。天气非常热，巴塞罗那来的快车还

39、有四十分钟才能到站。列车在这个中转站停车还有四十分钟才能到站。列车在这个中转站停靠两分钟，然后继续行驶，开往马德里。靠两分钟，然后继续行驶，开往马德里。The girl stood up and walked to the end of the The girl stood up and walked to the end of the station.Across,on the other side,were fields of grain station.Across,on the other side,were fields of grain and trees along the ba

40、nks of the Ebro.Far away,and trees along the banks of the Ebro.Far away,beyond the river,were mountains.The shadow of a beyond the river,were mountains.The shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain and she saw the cloud moved across the field of grain and she saw the river through the trees.

41、river through the trees.铁路对面，在那一边，埃布罗河两岸是农铁路对面，在那一边，埃布罗河两岸是农田和树木。远处，在河的那一边，便是起田和树木。远处，在河的那一边，便是起伏的山峦。一片云影掠过粮田；透过树木伏的山峦。一片云影掠过粮田；透过树木，她看到了大河。，她看到了大河。a hot summer,in a Hispanic small railway station.A a hot summer,in a Hispanic small railway station.A couple were there waiting for their traincouple we

42、re there waiting for their trainTime:Time:hot summer hot summerRestless,uncomfortableRestless,uncomfortableCreate an intense atmosphere,hints the conflict and Create an intense atmosphere,hints the conflict and tension between the couple.tension between the couple.The description of the landscape se

43、rves as a symbolic backdropThe description of the landscape serves as a symbolic backdropOn the side where the railway station was located,there were On the side where the railway station was located,there were neither shades nor trees,while on the other,there were fields of neither shades nor trees

44、,while on the other,there were fields of grains,green trees and rolling mountains far away.To some grains,green trees and rolling mountains far away.To some extent,the two different landscapes on each side of the station extent,the two different landscapes on each side of the station bear certain sy

45、mbolic meanings,the side where the station lay bear certain symbolic meanings,the side where the station lay symbolizing barrenness and sterility while the other side symbolizing barrenness and sterility while the other side standing for vitality and fertility.Such sharp contrast echoes standing for vitality and fertility.Such sharp contrast echoes the conflict and tension between the couple.the conflict and tension between the couple.The choice whether to give up the baby.The choice whether to give up the baby.