四级语法辅导特殊句式包括倒装课件.ppt

1、语法专项练特殊句式语法精讲语法精讲一、强调句一、强调句强调句的基本句型是强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被被强调的部分强调的部分that/who其他部分其他部分”。被强。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。强调调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：(1)被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用用that引导从句，而不能用引导从句，而不能用which，而且通，而且通常不能省略。常不能省略。语法精讲语法精讲It was in the park that I met him.我是在公园里遇到他的。我是在

2、公园里遇到他的。It was in 1964 that the first telephone satellite was set up by the Group of 17 Countries.17国集团发射第一颗电话卫星是在国集团发射第一颗电话卫星是在1964年。年。语法精讲语法精讲(2)被强调的是人时，引导词可用被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可，也可用用that。Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？语法精讲语法精讲【注意注意】当被强调的是主语时，代词当被强调的是主语时，代

3、词要用主格形式。要用主格形式。It was I who put forward the theory first.是我最先提出这个理论的。是我最先提出这个理论的。(3)被强调的不管是单数还是复数名被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的词，主句的be动词都用单数动词都用单数is或或was。It was Marie Curie and her husband who discovered radium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night

4、.是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。语法精讲语法精讲(4)对对not.until时间状语从句进行强调时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：时，其句型是：It is/was not until.that从句，即从句，即not和和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。注意习惯上在强调句中总是紧挨着的。注意习惯上不用不用not till，而且从句不能用，而且从句不能用when引导。引导。It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.语法精讲语法精讲

5、直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战地医院。地医院。(5)强调句的疑问形式：强调句的疑问形式：When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这一门课程的？他是什么时候决定选修这一门课程的？Why is it that he doesnt like the book?他为什么不喜欢这本书？他为什么不喜欢这本书？Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?语法精讲语法精讲(6)强调句型与强调句型与It is/was时间时间

6、when从从句：句：在上述句型中在上述句型中it指时间，指时间，when引导的是引导的是时间状语从句。时间状语从句。注意两种句型注意两种句型“时间时间”表达方式的不表达方式的不同。同。It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。It was midnight when I got here yesterday.昨天当我到达这儿时，已是半夜了。昨天当我到达这儿时，已是半夜了。语法精讲语法精讲二、省略句二、省略句1状语从句的省略状语从句的省略(1)有些时间、条件、方式、让步状语有些时间、条件、方

7、式、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句的主语为从句的主语为it，而且从句的谓语动词又包，而且从句的谓语动词又包含含be，就可以省略从句中的，就可以省略从句中的“主语主语be”部部分。分。While(I was)in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall.在北京时，我游览了长城。在北京时，我游览了长城。语法精讲语法精讲If(you are)asked，you may come in.如果被叫到，你可以进来。如果被叫到，你可以进来。She stood at the gate as if(she was

8、)waiting for someone.她站在门口好像在等人。她站在门口好像在等人。Though cold，he still wore a shirt.尽管冷，他仍穿着衬衫。尽管冷，他仍穿着衬衫。(2)还有诸如：还有诸如：if so(如果如此如果如此)；if any(如果有如果有)；if in need(如果需要如果需要)；if necessary(如果有必要如果有必要)。语法精讲语法精讲Errors，if(there are)any，should be corrected.如果有什么错误，就应当改正。如果有什么错误，就应当改正。Come tomorrow if(it is)possible

9、.有可能的话明天来。有可能的话明天来。Get up early tomorrow，if not(you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus.语法精讲语法精讲Every evening after dinner，if not_from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.Abeing tired BtiringCtired Dto be tired【解析解析】句意：每天晚饭后，如果不是很句意：每天晚饭后，如果不是很累，我会花一些时间遛狗。此处为累，我会花一些时间遛狗。此处为if I am

10、not tired.的省略。的省略。【答案答案】C考点链接考点链接语法精讲语法精讲2Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟等作答句，后面跟so与与not分分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。Do you think it will rain?I hope not(that it will not rain)Do you believe our team will win?I guess so(that our team will win)语法精讲语法精讲3不定式的省略，单独使用不定式符不定式的省略，

11、单独使用不定式符号号to。(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在词，常在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等后面。等后面。I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.我请他去看电影，但他不想去。我请他去看电影，但他不想去。语法精讲语法精讲(2)在在have，need，ought，be going，used等后面。等后面。I didnt want to go there，but

12、 I had to.我不想去那儿，但我不得不去。我不想去那儿，但我不得不去。(3)在某些形容词在某些形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后面。等后面。Will you join in the game？你愿意加？你愿意加入做游戏吗？入做游戏吗？Id be glad to.我很高兴。我很高兴。语法精讲语法精讲(4)如果不定式中含有如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留，通常保留be，have和和have been。Are you a sailor？你是海员吗？你是海员吗？No，but I used to be.不，但我过去不，但我过去是。是。语法

13、精讲语法精讲The weather is getting warmer.I hope the children wont go onto the ice.I warned them_.Anot Bnot toCnot go Dwont【解析解析】考查省略。答语是考查省略。答语是“I warned them not to go onto the ice.”的省略的省略形式。故选形式。故选B。【答案答案】B考点链接考点链接语法精讲语法精讲三、反意疑问句三、反意疑问句1陈述部分含有陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句的反意疑问句must作作“一定，准是一定，准是”讲，可首先将讲，可首先将句子改为句子改为

14、“I am sure that从句从句”，反意疑问，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据部分的动词形式根据be sure后的宾语从句的后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。谓语动词形式确定。You must be hungry now，_？I am sure that you are hungry，arent you？You must be hungry now，arent you?你一定饿了，是吗？你一定饿了，是吗？语法精讲语法精讲You must have heard about it，_？I am sure that you have heard about it，havent you？You must

15、 have heard about it，havent you?你一定听说过这事了，是吗？你一定听说过这事了，是吗？语法精讲语法精讲You must have watched that football match last night，_？I am sure that you watched that football match last night，didnt you？You must have watched that football match last night，didnt you?你昨晚一定看足球赛了，是吗？你昨晚一定看足球赛了，是吗？(陈述陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语部分有

16、表示过去的时间状语last night)语法精讲语法精讲2主句谓语动词主句谓语动词think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine的主语为的主语为第一人称时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词与第一人称时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；若他们的宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；若他们的主语为第二、三人称时，后面的反问部分由主语为第二、三人称时，后面的反问部分由主句来决定。主句来决定。I dont believe he will succeed，will he?我认为他不会成功，是吗？我认为他不会成功，是吗？Tom doesnt believe J

17、ack will succeed，does he?汤姆不相信杰克能成功，是吗？汤姆不相信杰克能成功，是吗？语法精讲语法精讲3祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句中的后半部分附加问句，不表示祈使句中的后半部分附加问句，不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：(1)否定祈使句，否定祈使句，will you?(2)肯定祈使句，肯定祈使句，will/wont you?Lets.，shall we?Let us.，will you?Let第三人称第三人称.，will you?语法精讲语法精讲Open the door，will/wont you?打开门，好吗？打开门，

18、好吗？Lets go out for a walk，shall we?我们出去散步，好吗？我们出去散步，好吗？Let us go home now，will/wont you?现在现在(您您)让我们回家，好吗？让我们回家，好吗？Inverted Word Order一一.全部倒装全部倒装n1.在在there,here 引导的句子中，谓语是引导的句子中，谓语是be,exist 等表示状态的不及物动词。如：等表示状态的不及物动词。如：Here are coats for young people 这有年轻这有年轻人穿的大衣。人穿的大衣。n2 在副词在副词now then thus引导的句子里，谓语

19、引导的句子里，谓语是是come,follow,begin,end等。等。na.There is a dictionary on the desk.桌上有本字典。nb.Here comes the bus!公共汽车来了!全部倒装全部倒装nNote:n如主语为人称代词,不用倒装结构。例如:na.Here she comes.她来了。nb.Here it is.在这儿（或这就是）。1.Then _ the Civil War.A.did follow B.followed C.does follow D.following 2.There _ at the top of the hill.A.sta

20、nds a weather station B.a weather station standsC.does a weather station stand D.is a weather station stand全部倒装全部倒装3.用于某些表示地点的介词词组作句首状语的句子，谓语是come,be,stand,sit,lie等动词的句子里。nIn this chapter will be found a partial answer.nFrom the valley came a tinkling sound,a soothing moo,the lull of alien voices.nO

21、n the other side of the road was standing Lily全部倒装全部倒装4.用于以表示处所,声音等义的副词开头的句子(out,in,up,down,away)。用表示运动的不及物动词（如go,come,rush,fly 等）作谓语时，为了表达生动，可将某些副词放在句首，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成倒装结构。例如：a.Away flew the pigeons.鸽子飞了。b.Bang went the firecracker.鞭炮砰的一声响了。c.The door burst open and in rushed the crowd.全部倒装全部倒装Note:如

22、果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置则不变，只将副词放在句首。如：Out he rushed.他冲了出去。3.Round and round _.A.flew the planeB.the plane flew C.did the plane flyD.was the plane flying4.Up _.A.his ball went B.went it C.did he go D.he came全部倒装全部倒装n在不带if的虚拟条件状语从句,谓语动词是be的句子里。如：nWere I in your position,I would ask him about the matter 我要

23、是处于你那样的位置，我就要问问他这件事。部分倒装n是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。部分倒装 1.当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装。常见的词和短语有：hardly,little,never,not until,rarely,seldom,in no way,at no time,in no case,b y n o m e a n s,h a r d l y(scarcely/barely)when,no sooner than等 5.Not a single

24、word_ at the meeting so far.A.did she say B.said she C.has she saidD.she has said6.Seldom _ any mistakes during my past few years of working here.A.would I make B.did I makeC.I did make D.shall I make部分倒装2.句首状语若由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组”、“only+状语分词”构成，也可引起局部倒装。nOnly yesterday did he find out that his wa

25、tch was missing.nOnly through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.nOnly because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.nOnly by working hard can we succeed.n注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。如：nThe contract was signed only after bitter negotiations.n只有在艰苦的谈判以后，

26、合同才得以签署。n（改成倒装：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.）nOnly the senior staff are allowed to use this room.n只许资深的职员使用这个房间。nOnly five passengers survived the accident.n事故中只有五位旅客生存了下来。7.Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to use it.A.you can B.can you C.you will D.will y

27、ou8.Only when he saw it,_ believe what I said.A.he did B.he will C.did he D.he would9.Only in this way _ the problems.A.you can solve B.can you solveC.you solve D.did you solve3.not onlybut alson当not onlybut also句式的not only部分置于句首时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装，第二个分句则不倒装。n_ snacks and drinks but they also brought

28、 cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A.Not only they brought nB.Not only did they bringC.Not only brought they nD.Not only they did bring n(答案为B)4.notuntiln当notuntil句式转换成not until且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序(与一般疑问句形式相同)。nNot until the early years of the 19th century did man know

29、what heat is.n直到19世纪初，人们才知道热是何物。n在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒装。如：n Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.他直到失去健康才会戒酒。10.Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A.didnt I realize B.did I realizeC.I didn t realize D.I realized11._ entered the office when he realized that

30、he had forgotten his report.A.He hardly had B.Had he hardly C.Hardly had he D.Hardly did he12.By no means(一点也不一点也不)_ succeed in getting the first place.A.they can B.can they C.they could D.have they5.用于以副词so,neither,nor 开头,表示“某人也这样”一类概念的句子。1)so用于肯定句，代替上文中的形容词，名词或动词,通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人(或物)，结构为:.例如:I

31、can speak English.So can my brother.我会说英语。我弟弟也会。nProduction is going up,and so is the peoples standard of living.n生产不断发展，人们的生活水平也一样。nSociety has changed and so have the people in it.n社会变了，社会上的人也变了。nCoal is under the ground,and so is oil.煤在地底下，石油也是。nHe saw it,and so did I.他看见了，我也看见了。Note:如果不是表示情况的适合，

32、而是表示对前面的句子内容的同意或肯定，则不能用倒装句。例如：He is a good teacher,so he is.他是个好老师，他的确是。部分倒装n2)neither,nor用于否定句，通常指前面所说的否定情况，也适用于其他人（或物），结构为：nNeither(nor)+be,do,have其他助动词或情态动词+主语。例如：n You cant do it,neither/nor can I.n你不能做这件事，我也不能。ne.g.I havent been to New Work before and neither has my sister.n“Did you see that?”“

33、No”“Neither did I”.nNor 用于否定句中，承接前面的语气进行进一步否定。但是注意，这里的否定的事情一般和前边的并不一致，这一点和neither 的用法是不同的。ne.g.He cannot see,nor could he hear until one month ago.nShe isnt rich,nor do I imagine that she ever will be.nI wont arrive today.Nor tomorrow.Note:nnor 是连词，neither 既是连词又是副词nI cant answer,but neither can I.n考

34、试中neither和nor同时出现时，通常考的是neither的副词用法。C An1.The message is clear:Just as tea and banana cant go together,_ should the son of a low-class family expect to marry the daughter of a nobleman.A.either B.not C.neither D.norn2.We dont need air conditioning,_.nA)nor can we afford it nB)and nor we can afford

35、it nC)neither can afford it nD)and we can neither afford 13.My brother had a bad cold last week,and so _.A.did I B.had I C.was I D.I did10.“Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?”“I didnt know,_.”A.nor dont I care B.nor do I careC.I dont care neither D.I dont care also14.He is a good student,an

36、d works very hard,_.A.so it is with her B.so does sheC.so is he D.neither does she6.So/Suchthat的倒装形式在 So(such)that结构中，如果so或such在句首，通常也会用倒装结构。例如:a.So busy was I that I had no time to have lunch.我太忙了，没时间吃午饭。b.Such(=so hot)was the weather that I could not go out.天太热了，我没法出门。c.So fast does light travel t

37、hat it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.d.To such an extent did the temperature rise that the fireman had to leave the burning house.15._ that he couldnt speak.A.So angry he wasB.So angry was heC.Such angry was heD.So was he angry16.Such _.A.was that he saidB.was what he saidC.were what he s

38、aidD.is what he said7.用于以were,had,should等词开头的虚拟条件句（即省略了if的虚拟条件句）例如：a.Had I known it earlier,I would not have made the mistake.假如我早知道这件事，我就不会出错了。b.Were she here,we would be able to get some good advice.要是她在这儿，我们就能得到些好建议。c.Should you go to Shanghai with me,let me know.如果你要和我去上海，就告诉我。17._ it rain tomor

39、row,we would have to put off visiting Beijing.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will18._hard at college,you would have got a better job.A.If you worked B.Did you workC.Had you workedD.You had worked8.在某些表达祝愿的句子里用倒装，例如：a.May you succeed!祝你成功！b.So be it!但愿如此！9.英语中有的让步状语从句可用as,though等引起的倒装结构表示，其结构为:“形容词（副词，动词，

40、分词形容词（副词，动词，分词)+as(though)+主语主语+谓语谓语”。a.Young though she is,she is courageous.她虽然年纪小，但却很勇敢。b.Much as I like playing football,I like swimming better.我虽然很喜欢踢足球，但我更喜欢游泳。19._,he wont stop to have a rest.A.As he is tired B.Tired as he is C.Tired although he is D.However he is tired 20._,mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A.However late is he B.However late he is C.However is he late D.Late however he is