Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures（ppt课件）-新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、 返回返回 动词的时态语态动词的时态语态之被动语态之被动语态Contents时态时态动词动词语态语态动词动词我的样子你还记得吗？！三单的样子过去式的样子分词的样子 返回返回 动词动词 三单三单 现在分词现在分词 过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词drink teachstudy enjoy smile 返回返回 动词动词 三单三单 现在分词现在分词 过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词 返回返回 动词动词 三单三单 现在分词现在分词 过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词 返回返回 动词动词 三单三单 现在分词现在分词 过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词seetie plancontrolpay 返回返回 动词动词

2、 三单三单 现在分词现在分词 过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词see sees seeing saw seentie ties tying tied tied plan 返回返回 动词动词 三单三单 现在分词现在分词 过去式过去式 过去分词过去分词see sees seeing saw seentie ties tying tied tied plan plans planning planned planned 一定义和基本用法一定义和基本用法：语态语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主表示动词的主语与该动词

3、所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。）。(1)(1)当当不知道动作的执行者不知道动作的执行者是谁是谁,或者或者没有必要没有必要指出动作的执行者时指出动作的执行者时,需用被动语态。需用被动语态。(2)(2)当需要当需要强调动作的承受者或事件本身强调动作的承受者或事件本身时时,常用被动语态。常用被动语态。(3)(3)如果需要说出动作的执行者如果需要说出动作的执行者,用

4、用byby引出引出动作的执动作的执行者行者(by(by短语有时可以省略短语有时可以省略)。基本用法（啥时候用？）基本用法（啥时候用？）：返回返回 The old house was built in 1950.1.不知道谁是动作执行者或没有必要2.需要强调动作的对象或承受者Calculator can not be used in the maths exam.返回返回 1.(2016北京高考北京高考)The students have been working hardon their lessons and their efforts _ _ _ with success in the e

5、nd.学生们一直刻苦学习功课学生们一直刻苦学习功课,他们的努力最终将会得到回报。他们的努力最终将会得到回报。2.The party _ _ _ since last year.这次聚会自从去年就开始筹划了。这次聚会自从去年就开始筹划了。3.The station_in 1928.车站建于车站建于1928年。年。4.Rice_ in the south of the country.水稻在这个国家的南方被种植。水稻在这个国家的南方被种植。先做题再总结(归纳法)返回返回 1.(2016北京高考北京高考)The students have been working hardon their less

6、ons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直刻苦学习功课学生们一直刻苦学习功课,他们的努力最终将会得到回报。他们的努力最终将会得到回报。2.The party has been planned since last year.这次聚会自从去年就开始筹划了。这次聚会自从去年就开始筹划了。先做题再总结(归纳法)返回返回 3.The station_in 1928.车站建于车站建于1928年。年。4.Rice_ in the south of the country.水稻在这个国家的南方被种植。水稻在这个国家

7、的南方被种植。先做题再总结(归纳法)返回返回 3.The station was built in 1928.车站建于车站建于1928年。年。4.Rice is grown in the south of the country.水稻在这个国家的南方被种植。水稻在这个国家的南方被种植。先做题再总结(归纳法)返回返回 5.The question _ _ _ at the meeting.这个问题正在会议上被讨论。这个问题正在会议上被讨论。6.(2015安徽高考安徽高考)It is reported that a space station_(build)on the moon in years

8、 to come.据报道据报道,未来几年未来几年,月球上将修建一座空间站。月球上将修建一座空间站。先做题再总结(归纳法)返回返回 5.The question is being discussed at the meeting.这个问题正在会议上被讨论。这个问题正在会议上被讨论。6.(2015安徽高考安徽高考)It is reported that a space stationwill be built on the moon in years to come.据报道据报道,未来几年未来几年,月球上将修建一座空间站。月球上将修建一座空间站。先做题再总结(归纳法)返回返回 7.Trees _(

9、plant)here at this time last year.8.先做题再总结(归纳法)返回返回 7.Trees were being planted here at this time last year.8.先做题再总结(归纳法)返回返回 返回返回 过去将来时过去将来时将来时将来时过去时过去时现在时现在时will/shallhave beendonehadbeen donehave/hasbeen done完成式完成式was/werebeing doneam/is/arebeing done进行式进行式would/shouldbe donewill/shall be donewas/

10、were doneam/is/are done一般式一般式 返回返回 .Practice1.A new factory_(build)in our city now.2.A new factory_(build)in our city at this time last year.3.Some new factories_(build)soon in our city this year.4.She said that some new factories_(build)soon in our city.返回返回 .Practice1.A new factory is being built

11、in our city now.2.A new factory was being built in our city at this time last year.返回返回 .Practice1.A new factory is being built in our city now.2.A new factory was being built in our city at this time last year.3.Some new factories will be built soon in our city this year.4.She said that some new fa

12、ctories would be built soon in our city.返回返回 .Practice5.Three new factories _(build)in our city since last year.6.He said that three new factories _(build)in our city by last year.返回返回 .Practice5.Three new factories have been built in our city since last year.6.He said that three new factories had b

13、een built in our city by last year.返回返回 People speak English almost all over the world.世界各地都有人讲英语。世界各地都有人讲英语。English is spoken(by people)almost all over the world.1 1含有单宾语的句子转换：含有单宾语的句子转换：返回返回 2.2.主动变为被动时主动变为被动时,双宾语的变化。双宾语的变化。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book w

14、as given(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday.My mother will buy me a coat next week.变为被动语态变为被动语态 返回返回 变为被动语态变为被动语态My mother will buy me a coat next week.A coat will be bought for me(by my mother)next week.I will be bought a coat(by my mother)next w

15、eek.返回返回 bring hand,pass,offer,lend,read,send,show,teach,write 等等双宾语易位时需借助介双宾语易位时需借助介词词toto的常用动词的常用动词buy,cook,choose,make,prepare，singpick(采摘采摘)fetch（取来，拿来）（取来，拿来）,spare(留出，抽出，匀留出，抽出，匀出出)双宾语易位时需借助介双宾语易位时需借助介词词forfor的常用动词的常用动词 返回返回 3.当动词后有复合宾语当动词后有复合宾语(宾语宾语+宾补宾补)，变被动语态时，变被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语即可，其它不变。将宾

16、语变为被动结构中的主语即可，其它不变。The boss found a cook smoking in the kitchen.A cook was found smoking in the kitchen.We always keep the classroom clean.She told us to follow her instructions.返回返回 We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean(by us).She told us to follow her instructions.W

17、e were told to follow her instructions.返回返回 思考：思考：在在see,watch,hear,notice,make,feel等等动词后作宾语补足语动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带的动词不定式都不带 to，如何改成被动语态？如何改成被动语态？返回返回 He made me do the work.I was made to do the work by him.4.4.带复合宾语带复合宾语(宾语宾语+宾补宾补)的动词的动词 主动句中动词不带主动句中动词不带to,to,但在被动句中带但在被动句中带toto的几种情况：的几种情况：We heard him

18、 say good-bye to his friends.注意：make,let,see,watch，hear，notice等词等词在主动句中动词不带在主动句中动词不带to,但在被动句中要带但在被动句中要带to 返回返回 5.5.动词短语变被动语态时，勿要掉动词短语变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴尾巴”。含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来把它们分隔开来,变被动时不要丢漏动词短语中的副词变被动时不要丢漏动词短语中的副词或介词。或介词。agree to,ask for,laugh at,operate on,listen to,lo

19、ok after,think of,talk about 等。等。The children were(by her)Your pronunciation and spelling should betaken good care ofpaid attention_.返回返回 小翻译小翻译处处都在讨论疫情。（处处都在讨论疫情。（N CoV epidemic;talk about）他讨厌被嘲笑。他讨厌被嘲笑。（laugh at）返回返回 小翻译小翻译处处都在讨论疫情。处处都在讨论疫情。他讨厌被嘲笑。他讨厌被嘲笑。The N CoV epidemic is talked about everywhe

20、re.He hates being laughed at.返回返回 6.6.当主动句中句子的谓语为当主动句中句子的谓语为saysay，believebelieve，expectexpect，thinkthink，knowknow，write,consider,reportwrite,consider,report等，句中的宾语是等，句中的宾语是thatthat引导的引导的宾语从句时，可转换为两种形式的被动句。宾语从句时，可转换为两种形式的被动句。两种形式：两种形式：把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。谓

21、语变成不定式短语。用用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。People say he is a smart boy.He is said a smart boy.he is a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.to be It is said that 返回返回 People know paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.It is known that p

22、aper was made in China first.注意注意 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。不定式短语。用用itit作形式主语，真正的主语在后作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。面用主语从句来表示。返回返回 7.“getdone”也可表示被动语态。也可表示被动语态。The patient got treated once a week.Hundreds of people_every year by traffic accidents on the road.每年每年,这条

23、公路上都有几百人因交通事故而死。这条公路上都有几百人因交通事故而死。返回返回 命题点感悟 返回返回 单句语法填空单句语法填空(2018(2018天津高考改编天津高考改编)My washing machine _(repair)this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018江苏高考改编江苏高考改编)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _(carry)out in the past two years.返回返回 (2018天津高考改编天津高

24、考改编)My washing machine is being repaired this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018江苏高考改编江苏高考改编)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried out in the past two years.返回返回 (2017全国卷全国卷)When fat and salt_(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is m

25、issing something.(2017全国卷全国卷)Steam engines_(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.返回返回 (2017全国卷全国卷)When fat and salt are removed from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017全国卷全国卷)Steam engines were used to

26、pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.返回返回 (2017全国卷全国卷)Sarah _(tell)that she could be Britain s new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.返回返回 (2017全国卷全国卷)Sarah was told/has been told that she could be Britain s new

27、 supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.返回返回 1.有些动词如有些动词如read,write,clean,wash,iron,burn,draw,cook,keep,cut,open,sell等用作等用作不及物动词不及物动词且表示主语的且表示主语的某种属性或性能某种属性或性能,且且和和副词副词well,easily,smoothly，badly等连用时等连用时,用这些动词的用这些动词的主动形式表示被动意义主动形式表示被动意义。三、主动形式表被动意义 返回返回 The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写起来很

28、顺畅。这支钢笔写起来很顺畅。The play reads more easily than acts.这剧本易读不易演。这剧本易读不易演。【心得总结】【心得总结】以上动词的主语一般是表示物的词以上动词的主语一般是表示物的词,且这且这些动词表示主语具有某种内在的特点些动词表示主语具有某种内在的特点,这这些句子的时态多用一般现在时。些句子的时态多用一般现在时。返回返回 2.当连系动词当连系动词feel，smell,sound，look,taste,prove等后面接形容词时，这些动词的等后面接形容词时，这些动词的主动形式主动形式也表示被动意义。也表示被动意义。The flowers smell s

29、weet.花儿散发着芳香。花儿散发着芳香。Do you like the material?Yes,it _(feel)very soft.返回返回 3.3.不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。His dream His dream came truecame true finally.finally.他的梦想终于他的梦想终于 实现了。实现了。不及物动词不及物动词(短语短语)如如appear,happen,remain,take place,come about,break out,come true,belong to,run out 等等没有被动语态。没有被动语态。返回返回 4

30、.4.介词介词in,on,underin,on,under等加名词构成等加名词构成介词短语表示介词短语表示被动意义。被动意义。这些介词短语中这些介词短语中名词前一般不用冠词，名词前一般不用冠词，其形式可以替换成该名词相应动词的被动形式。其形式可以替换成该名词相应动词的被动形式。*The building is under construction.(is being constructed).大楼正在建设之中。大楼正在建设之中。如如“under+名词名词”结构结构,表示表示“某事在进行中某事在进行中”。常见的有常见的有:under control(受控制受控制),under treatment

31、(在治疗中在治疗中),under repair(在修理中在修理中),under discussion(在讨论中在讨论中)under construction(在施工中在施工中)。返回返回 5.在在need,want,require,deserve等词后等词后用用，也可用，也可用不定式的被动形式。不定式的被动形式。The matter needs looking into.The matter needs _.返回返回 6.be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。也可用be worthy to be done或 be worthy of being done替换His suggesti

32、on is not worth considering.返回返回 His suggestion is not worth considering.His suggestion is not worthy to be considered.His suggestion is not worthy of being considered.返回返回 7.在在“名词名词/代词代词+be+adj.+to do”结构中。结构中。不定式不定式常用在形容词常用在形容词 easy,difficult,hard,impossible，important,strange等后面，等后面，和句子和句子主语有逻辑上的动宾

33、关系，主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。The book is easy to understand.返回返回 8.某些作表语用的不定式，强调出租，责备等，某些作表语用的不定式，强调出租，责备等，此类常用的动词有此类常用的动词有let,blame等。不定式主动等。不定式主动形式表被动意义。形式表被动意义。Am I to blame?我该受罚吗?The house is to let.这房屋出租。返回返回 专题过关训练 返回返回 1During the 30 days before he was put to death,his friends and relative

34、s_(allow)to visit him in his prison.2In a word,mass media _(be)the more important in the future.返回返回 1During the 30 days before he was put to death,his friends and relatives to visit him in his prison.2In a word,mass media the more important in the future.返回返回 3When we got to the spot,the injured _(

35、send)to the hospital.4.The girl is easy _(get along with).返回返回 3When we got to the spot,the injured to the hospital.4.The girl is easy.返回返回 5.The World Health Organization warns that millions of people _(suffer)from indoor air pollution at the present time,which results from the use of dangerous fue

36、ls and cookstoves in the home.6.The film is well worth_(see).返回返回 5.The World Health Organization warns that millions of people from indoor air pollution at the present time,which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home.6.The film is well worth.返回返回 7Though the interview_(

37、go)well,it was impressed on him again that compared with the other candidates he didnt have the ability to get the job.8.Every possible means _(try),but none _(prove)successful 返回返回 7Though the interview well,it was impressed on him again that compared with the other candidates he didnt have the abi

38、lity to get the job.8.Every possible means,but none successful 返回返回 9.The machine_(run)well.10.In US high school,everything_(record)and graded,including your grades on quizzes,tests and final examinations.返回返回 9.The machine runs well.10.In US high school,everything and graded,including your grades o

39、n quizzes,tests and final examinations.返回返回 11.World War _(break out)in 1937.12.This was the first time that I_(experience)sandstorms and I dont ever want to be in one again.返回返回 11.World War in 1937.12.This was the first time that I sandstorms and I dont ever want to be in one again.返回返回 13Another

40、point that should never be ignored_(be)that handwriting is the key to getting a much higher score.14.By the end of last year,another new gymnasium _(complete)in Beijing.返回返回 13Another point that should never be ignoredthat handwriting is the key to getting a much higher score.14.By the end of last y

41、ear,another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.返回返回 15.I feel it is your husband who _(blame)for the spoiled child.返回返回 15.I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child.返回返回 完成句子完成句子1.These desks _away.这些桌子不能被搬走。这些桌子不能被搬走。2.The novel coronovirus pneunomia_(defeat)as long a

42、s we obey the rules and regulations strictly and have dogged determination.只要我们严格遵守规章制度，怀有坚定的决心，新冠只要我们严格遵守规章制度，怀有坚定的决心，新冠病毒肺炎必将被击败。病毒肺炎必将被击败。返回返回 完成句子完成句子1.These desks cant be moved away.这些桌子不能被搬走。这些桌子不能被搬走。2.The novel coronovirus pneunomia will be defeated as long as we obey the rules and regulatio

43、ns strictly and have dogged determination.只要我们严格遵守规章制度，怀有坚定的决心，新冠只要我们严格遵守规章制度，怀有坚定的决心，新冠病毒肺炎必将被击败。病毒肺炎必将被击败。返回返回 3.You _the broken branches of trees and replanting the fallen trees.人们看到你清理断掉的树枝人们看到你清理断掉的树枝,补植歪倒的树木。补植歪倒的树木。4.I would appreciate it if I _as a volunteer in the Adult Ceremony.如果我能成为成人礼的志

44、愿者如果我能成为成人礼的志愿者,我将不胜感激。我将不胜感激。返回返回 3.You were seen removing/cleaning the broken branches of trees and replanting the fallen trees.人们看到你清理断掉的树枝人们看到你清理断掉的树枝,补植歪倒的树木。补植歪倒的树木。4.I would appreciate it if I am admitted as a volunteer in the Adult Ceremony.如果我能成为成人礼的志愿者如果我能成为成人礼的志愿者,我将不胜感激。我将不胜感激。返回返回 5.The

45、 woman _a bank just now.刚才有人看见这个女人进了一家银行。刚才有人看见这个女人进了一家银行。6.The new product_.这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。返回返回 5.The woman was seen to enter a bank just now.刚才有人看见这个女人进了一家银行。刚才有人看见这个女人进了一家银行。6.The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。返回返回 7.In order _by the loud music outside,I have to close all the windows.为了

46、不受外面喧闹的音乐的影响为了不受外面喧闹的音乐的影响,我只好关上了所有我只好关上了所有的窗户。的窗户。8.The food_.这食物尝起来很美味。这食物尝起来很美味。返回返回 7.In order not to be affected/influenced by the loud music outside,I have to close all the windows.为了不受外面喧闹的音乐的影响为了不受外面喧闹的音乐的影响,我只好关上了所有我只好关上了所有的窗户。的窗户。8.The food tastes delicious.这食物尝起来很美味。这食物尝起来很美味。返回返回 9.Rainf

47、orests_and burned at such a speed that they_from the earth in the future.热带雨林正以如此的速度被砍伐和焚烧，在未来他们将从热带雨林正以如此的速度被砍伐和焚烧，在未来他们将从这个地球上消失。这个地球上消失。10.Dreams _as long as we try our best.只要我们努力只要我们努力,梦想就会实现。梦想就会实现。返回返回 9.Rainforests are being cut and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the ea

48、rth in the future.热带雨林正以如此的速度被砍伐和焚烧，在未来他们将从热带雨林正以如此的速度被砍伐和焚烧，在未来他们将从这个地球上消失。这个地球上消失。10.Dreams can come true/can be realized as long as we try our best.只要我们努力只要我们努力,梦想就会实现。梦想就会实现。返回返回 .短文语法填空短文语法填空 83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life bringing the jungles of his lif

49、ehood back to life.Today,his efforts are being rewarded,as the_1_(complete)deserted land has become a beautiful jungle with wildlife again.It was in 1973 that Antonio began his work_2_ a weekend hobby.However,it soon became a way of life.Antonio spent whole days and nights in his young jungle_3_(sur

50、round)by rats and foxes,eating banana sandwiches for breakfast,lunch and dinner.返回返回 .短文语法填空短文语法填空 Over the last 40 years,he_4_(plant)about 50,000 trees on his land.As the forest grew,the water returned.Then the animals started making a home there.Today,the forest is alive with the sounds of birds a