Unit 1 Science Fiction 词汇句型知识点讲解（ppt课件）-新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、Book 4 unit1SCIENCE FICTION词汇+句型(1)test n&v测验；试验；测试测验；试验；测试test sb on sth 在在方面测试某人方面测试某人(2)carry out 贯彻；执行；实施贯彻；执行；实施work out 计算出；解决；锻炼计算出；解决；锻炼set out 出发；启程；出发；启程；(怀着目标怀着目标)开始工作开始工作wear out 穿破；耗尽；使厌烦穿破；耗尽；使厌烦try out 尝试尝试1.test out 检验；测试；考验检验；测试；考验He wished to test out the item before selling it._Th

2、e long climb tested out our power of endurance._You _ anything that you haven t studied yet.不会考那些你们还没有学过的东西。不会考那些你们还没有学过的东西。试验试验考验考验won t be tested on练习(1)make/have an appointment with sb 和某人预约和某人预约/约定约定keep/break an appointment 守守/失约失约(2)appoint v任命；委任；安排；约定任命；委任；安排；约定appointed adj.指定的；约定的指定的；约定的2.

3、appointment n预约；约会；委任预约；约会；委任She has an appointment _ the science fiction writer to meet at the cafe.I _(appoint)to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and _一个守时的人有在适当的时候做一件事的习惯，从不违约。一个守时的人有在适当的时候做一件事的习惯，从不违约。w

4、ithwas appointednever breaks an appointment练习(1)be guilty of 犯有犯有罪罪be/feel guilty at/about 对对/为为感到内疚感到内疚/有愧有愧(2)guilt n内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行3.guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的内疚的；有罪的；有过失的She had feelings of _(guilty)about leaving her children and going to work.John had a _(guilt)look on his face,leaving all

5、the tasks to me.I _ abandoning such a golden chance.放弃了这么好的机会，我感到内疚。放弃了这么好的机会，我感到内疚。guiltguiltyfelt guilty about/at练习 dismiss/fire sb for sth 因因而解雇而解雇/开除某人开除某人dismiss sb(one s job)解雇解雇/开除某人开除某人dismiss sb from one s post/position免去某人的职务免去某人的职务The servant was dismissed _ being lazy and dishonest.She c

6、laimed she was unfairly dismissed _ her post.forfrom4.dismiss vt.让让(某人某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除离开；解散；解雇；消除练习declare sb/sth to be 宣布某人宣布某人/某事是某事是declare for/against.赞成赞成/反对反对declare war(on.)(向向)宣战宣战declare sth open/closed 宣布宣布开始开始/结束结束declare that.声称声称/宣布宣布5.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布表明；宣称；公布When they asked him for hi

7、s opinion,he declared strongly _ the policy,which made them unhappy.It was the year when Britain declared war _ Germany.Our school declared the girl _(be)head of our department.She _ she had ever tasted.她声称那是她吃过的最好的巧克力蛋糕。她声称那是她吃过的最好的巧克力蛋糕。againstonto bedeclared(that)it was the best chocolate cake练习d

8、eclare,announcedeclare一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度，其后可跟复合宾其后可跟复合宾语语，还有还有“公布；宣布；宣称公布；宣布；宣称”之意之意announce多指提前宣布或公开某一消息或多指提前宣布或公开某一消息或(通过广播通过广播)通知某事通知某事The government has declared a state of emergency.政府已宣布进入紧急状态。政府已宣布进入紧急状态。They officially announced the news to the reporters.他们正式向记者发布了这条新闻。他们正式

9、向记者发布了这条新闻。区分(1)basis n基础；基准；方式；原因基础；基准；方式；原因on a regular basis 例行地；有规律地；定期地例行地；有规律地；定期地on a daily or weekly basis 每天或每周每天或每周on the basis of 在在的基础上；基于；根据的基础上；基于；根据(2)base v以以为据点为据点(或总部等或总部等)；把；把(总部等总部等)设在设在base.on/upon 把把建立在建立在的基础上的基础上be based on/upon 以以为基础为基础/根据根据6.on a.basis 根据；以根据；以的方式的方式(基准）基准）Y

10、ou should base your conclusion _ careful research.On the basis _ these facts,we can draw the conclusion that he is guilty.I have formed the habit of getting up early and exercising _.我养成了每天早起和锻炼的习惯。我养成了每天早起和锻炼的习惯。on/uponofon a daily basis练习be superior to 比比更好；更胜一筹更好；更胜一筹be junior to sb 比某人年龄小比某人年龄小/

11、职位低职位低be senior to sb 比某人年长比某人年长/职位高职位高be inferior to sb/sth 比比差差/级别级别低低7.superior adj.更好的；占优势的；更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上在级别或重要性上)更高的更高的superior与与to搭配构成比较级搭配构成比较级，表示表示“比比更好更好”，不能用不能用than。注意Please let me introduce Tim to you，who is my superior officer._This computer is superior in many aspects to that one._

12、You can stand there and feel superior as you point and laugh at them._更高更高的的更好更好的的占优势占优势的的练习Dad proposed that we should walk along the river and nothing was better than that.Dad proposed that we should walk along the river and nothing _was superior to thattake off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功take

13、on 呈现；雇用；承担呈现；雇用；承担take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留take up 占据；开始从事占据；开始从事8.take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手占上风；取而代之；接管；接手When Mr Green retired,his son took _ the business from him.Don t be taken _ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.Smartphones not only take _ our valuable time,but als

14、o do great harm to our health.The village _ thanks to the good economic policies from the government.多亏了政府好的经济政策，这个村庄呈现出新的面貌。多亏了政府好的经济政策，这个村庄呈现出新的面貌。overinuphas taken on a new look练习conflict n矛盾；冲突矛盾；冲突 vt.冲突；抵触冲突；抵触in conflict with 与与有冲突有冲突come into conflict with 与与产生冲突产生冲突9.conflict with 与与冲突或抵触冲突

15、或抵触The two countries have been _ conflict with each other for decades.It s obvious that our interests conflict _ yours.They came _ conflict with the local villagers because of a heated quarrel.For one thing,reading about fashion can make our lives more colourful.For another,fashion is an essential p

16、art of our lives which _一方面，阅读时尚书籍可以使我们的生活更加丰富多彩。另一方面，一方面，阅读时尚书籍可以使我们的生活更加丰富多彩。另一方面，时尚是我们生活中很重要的一部分，这和我们的学习并不冲突。时尚是我们生活中很重要的一部分，这和我们的学习并不冲突。inwithinto练习doesn t conflict with our studiesturn up 调高调高(音量等音量等)；出现；出现turn down 调低调低(音量等音量等)；拒绝；拒绝turn in 上交；交还上交；交还，退还退还turn on 打开打开(水、煤气、电灯等水、煤气、电灯等)turn off

17、 关闭关闭(水、煤气、电灯等水、煤气、电灯等)turn to 向向求助；致力于；翻到求助；致力于；翻到(书的某页书的某页)；查阅；转；查阅；转向向10.turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是Some famous Chinese artists will turn _ and perform at the exhibition.The hall was full,and hundreds of fans had to be turned _The moment the bell rang,all the students turned _ their

18、 papers immediately.I often _As a result,I have made steady progress in my studies.我经常向同学或老师求助，因此我在学习上不断取得进步。我经常向同学或老师求助，因此我在学习上不断取得进步。updowninturn to my classmates or teachers for help练习fall over 倒下；摔倒；被倒下；摔倒；被绊倒绊倒fall down 跌倒跌倒fall off 从从摔下摔下(其后直接跟宾语其后直接跟宾语)fall behind 落后；落在落后；落在后面后面fall in love w

19、ith(sb/sp)爱上爱上(某人某人/某地某地)11.fall away(逐渐逐渐)减少；消失减少；消失When some fell _,others would come and offer help.His supporters fell _ as his popularity declined.But in winter,when leaves fall _ trees,they also fly away.Many foreign tourists _ they pay a visit to this great country.很多外国游客在第一次访问中国这个伟大的国家时，就爱很多

20、外国游客在第一次访问中国这个伟大的国家时，就爱上了它。上了它。behindawayofffall in love with China the first time练习(1)have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事有强烈的欲望做某事(2)urge sth/sb on 催促某物催促某物/某人前进某人前进urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事催促某人做某事urge that.(should)do sth 极力主张极力主张/强调强调做某事做某事It is urged that.(should)do sth 极力主张极力主张/强调强调做某事做某事(3)ur

21、gent adj.紧急的；迫切的紧急的；迫切的12.urge n强烈的欲望；冲动强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐催促；力劝；大力推荐The student has an urge_(study)harder and get good grades.I make an _(urge)appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.Parents urge their children _(take)advantage of the opportunity._(把句把句转换成复合句转换成复合句)to stu

22、dyurgentto takeParents urge that their children(should)take advantage of the opportunity.练习 As a favour,Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.作为一项恩惠，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，把她变得更漂亮些，也把她作为一项恩惠，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，把她变得更漂亮些，也把她的家变得更雅致些。的家变得更雅致些。本句为本句为“make宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语”的复合结构的复合结构，

23、其用法如下：其用法如下：(1)此结构中此结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、省略宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、省略to的动词不定式、过的动词不定式、过去分词去分词(短语短语)或介词短语充当；或介词短语充当；(2)当该结构中的宾语是动词不定式当该结构中的宾语是动词不定式(短语短语)或从句时或从句时，多用多用it作形式宾语作形式宾语，而把动词不定式而把动词不定式(短语短语)或从句后置。或从句后置。1.句型句型：make宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语课文原句讲解(1)make sb do sth结构变为被动语态时结构变为被动语态时，省略的动词不定式符号省略的动词不定式符号to要要补上。补上。(2)mak

24、e后接名词作宾语补足语时后接名词作宾语补足语时，若作宾语补足语的名词是独一无若作宾语补足语的名词是独一无二的职位二的职位，如如president、chairman、monitor、headmaster、manager、head、captain等等，则该名词前不用任何冠词。则该名词前不用任何冠词。注意Can you make yourself _(understand)in Russian?We are often made _(retell)the texts，which is beneficial to our English study.We re all delighted to _我们

25、都很高兴选李阳为我们班的班长。我们都很高兴选李阳为我们班的班长。understoodto retellmake Li Yang monitor of our class练习As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝克拉芬正站在那里。克拉芬正站在那里。本句中本句中there stood Gladys Claffern为完全倒装句型。使用完全倒装句的为完全倒装句型。使用完全倒装句的几种情况：几种情况：(1)将将here、there、now、then、in、out、off、away等表示地

26、点或时等表示地点或时间的副词或者介词短语置于句首间的副词或者介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是谓语动词是be、come、go、remain、lie、run等等，且主语为名词时且主语为名词时，用完全倒装；用完全倒装；(2)主系表结构中主系表结构中，作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时用完全倒装；作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时用完全倒装；(3)such作表语置于句首时用完全倒装。作表语置于句首时用完全倒装。2.句型：完全倒装句型句型：完全倒装句型课文原句讲解 在完全倒装句型中在完全倒装句型中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。完全倒装谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。完全倒装的主语必须是名词的主语必须是名词，

27、如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。注意In the dark corner of the room，the cat jumped up and caught the mouse.In the dark corner of the room，_ and caught the mouse.(完全倒装完全倒装)Wild flowers were growing over the mountain，whose names he didn t know._,whose names he didn t know.(完全倒装完全倒装)up jumped the catGrowing

28、 over the mountain were wild flowers练习_,who is full of integrity,wisdom,dignity and positive energy.这就是我们的女主席，她充满了正直、智慧、尊严和正这就是我们的女主席，她充满了正直、智慧、尊严和正能量。能量。Such is our chairwoman练习3.句型：句型：It is/was.that/who.强调句型强调句型句中句中It was at ten o clock today that.为强调句型为强调句型，强调强调时间状语时间状语 at ten o clock today。(1)强调

29、句型的基本结构：强调句型的基本结构：It is/was被强调部分被强调部分that/who句子其他部分句子其他部分，多用于强调句子主语、宾语、多用于强调句子主语、宾语、表语和状语。表语和状语。It was at ten o clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.上午十点，所有时间机器中的第一台启动了其运转之旅。上午十点，所有时间机器中的第一台启动了其运转之旅。课文原句讲解_ because Jack came late for school _ Mr Smith got angry?史密斯先生很生气是因

30、为杰克上学迟到吗？史密斯先生很生气是因为杰克上学迟到吗？_ made his parents so happy?是什么使他父母这么高兴？是什么使他父母这么高兴？Was itthatWhat was it that(2)强调句型的一般疑问句：强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it 被强调部分被强调部分that/who句子其他部分？句子其他部分？(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词is/wasitthat句句子其他部分？子其他部分？(4)not.until.结构的强调句型：结构的强调句型：It is/was not until 被强被强调部分调部分 that 句子其他部

31、分。句子其他部分。练习Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test,_ finally won him the status of China s first astronaut.虽然杨虽然杨(利伟利伟)并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。She didn t mention her own plan until near the end of the letter._(强调句

32、型强调句型)it was his high scores on the psychological tests thatIt was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.练习4.句型：句型：as if引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。as ifas though，意为，意为“仿佛；好像

33、仿佛；好像”，用来引导方式状语从句，用来引导方式状语从句和表语从句。和表语从句。课文原句讲解as if/though所引导的从句中的语气及时态的用法如下：讲解 as if/though引导状语从句时引导状语从句时，若主、从句主语一致若主、从句主语一致，从句谓语中又含有从句谓语中又含有be动词时动词时，从句中的主语和从句中的主语和be动词常动词常常可以省略常可以省略，从句就变成从句就变成“as if/though形容词形容词/名词名词/介词短语介词短语/分词分词/动词不定式动词不定式”。讲解The kids are very friendly to her and even look up to

34、 her as if she _(be)their own mother.Jack wasn t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he _(do)something very clever.As can be seen from the picture,a boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seems _正如图画上所看到的一样，一个男孩肩负着如此沉重的作正如图画上所看到的一样，一个男孩肩负着如此沉重的作业以至于他看上去好像再也承受不住了。业以至于他看上去好像再也承受不住了。werehad done as if he can hardly bear it any more练习 谢谢观看