Unit 2 Discover useful structures （ppt课件）-新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、Discover useful structuresUnit2 Bridging CulturesComplex SentencesAttributive Clause（定语从句）（定语从句）Noun Clause(名词性从句名词性从句)Adverbial Clause（状语从句）（状语从句）Appositive ClausePredicative ClauseSubject ClauseObject Clause The book is interesting.I like English.My mother is a doctor.I come from Beijing,a beautif

2、ul city.主语宾语表语同位语Lead in判断下列句子中划线名词充当什么成分一、定义 名词性从句：在句中起名词作用的各种从句，称为名词性从句。分为：主从：主句谓语前 宾从：及物动词、形容词或介词之后 表从：系动词后 同位语从句：抽象名词后1.定义定义:什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?在英语句子结构中，本该由在英语句子结构中，本该由名词名词充当的成分，换成一个句子来充充当的成分，换成一个句子来充当，这样的句子就是名词性从句。当，这样的句子就是名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任它在复合句中能担任主语、宾主语、宾语、表语、同位语语、表

3、语、同位语等。等。名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause主语从句主语从句:subject clause宾语从句宾语从句:object clause表语从句表语从句:predicative clause同位语从句同位语从句:appositive clause名词性从句学习三关：名词性从句学习三关：第一关：语序关第二关：引导词关第三关：时态关从句一律保从句一律保持持陈述语序陈述语序p1.What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.p2.What surprised Xie Lei was that she fo

4、und herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.p3.Its important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.p4.She thought she knew less than other people.p5.I agree with your idea that he is smart.PresentationStudy the sentences below and mark the noun clauses.主语从句

5、主语从句表语从句表语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句的连词 1)连接词：that,whether,if,as if。that _（有/无）词义，在从句中_（要/不）担任成分，有时可省略；whether/if _词义，译为_，但在从句中_担任成分；as if _词义，译为_，在从句中_担任成分，仅用于_从句；无不有是否不有似乎，好像不表语2.名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词从属连词类别词义充当成分that连接词 whether/if as if无无是否无好像无名词性从句的引导词可分为名词性从句的引导词可分为三类三类：who连接代词 whom what whi

6、ch whose whoever whomever whatever whichever 从属连词类别词义充当成分谁主语谁宾语（1）什么（2）,的人/事/物 主、宾、表哪一个/哪些定语谁的定语无论谁主语无论谁宾语无论什么主、宾、表无论哪一个/哪些定语名词性从句的引导词可分为名词性从句的引导词可分为三类三类：when连接副词 where why how 从属连词 类别词义充当成分什么时候状语什么地方状语为什么状语如何状语名词性从句的引导词可分为名词性从句的引导词可分为三类三类：名词性从句的引导词可分为名词性从句的引导词可分为三类三类：从属连词从属连词：that、whether、if、as if、

7、as though、because。这些连词不充当不充当从句的任何成分任何成分，即它们引导的从句是完整的。例：That she was chosen as one of the nurses to go to Wuhan to help in the fight against COVID-19 made her parents both worried and proud.The fact is that he is old enough to go to school.He is hesitating about whether he should tell her the truth.主

8、语从句，主语从句，that不能省略不能省略表语表语从句，从句，that不能省略不能省略宾语从句宾语从句名词性从句的连词I don t care about _ you have money or not.The question is _ Tom is able to arrive on time._ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet.It looks _ it is going to rain.The truth is _he didnt come for the concert._ the earth is round is

9、true.练习whetherwhetherWhetheras ifthatThat名词性从句的引导词可分为三类名词性从句的引导词可分为三类:连接代词连接代词：what/whatever、who/whoever、whom、whose、which/whichever,在从句中作成分成分（如：主语或宾语）且有含义含义。例：Who will go to the party is still unknown.The question is what we can do to protect the environment.You can ask whoever you trust.2.名词性从句的引导词

10、名词性从句的引导词主语从句，主语从句，who在从句中作主语在从句中作主语表语从句，表语从句，what在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语宾语从句，宾语从句，whoever 在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语二、名词性从句的连接代词 2)连接代词：who,whom,what,which,whose _词义，在从句中_担任成分，担任哪些成分？_有要主语、宾语、表语、定语3)连接代词：whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever _词义，在从句中_担任成分，担任哪些成分？_主语、宾语、表语、定语有要名词性从句的连接代词 I don t believe _ he has achieved

11、so far.He wants to know _ picked up his mobile phone.What he wants to ask you now is _ team won the game.I dont know _ book it is.The thing I am anxious about is _ he will turn to for help.练习whatwhowhichwhosewhom名词性从句的连接代词I will praise _ could work out the question.Do _ you like.He was free to marry

12、 _ he chose.Choose _ brand you prefer.whoeverwhateverwhomeverwhichever练习名词性从句的引导词可分为三类名词性从句的引导词可分为三类:连接副词连接副词：when/whenever、where/wherever、how/however和why,在从句中分别作时间状语时间状语、地点状语地点状语、方式状语方式状语和原因状语原因状语。例：When the train is going to arrive is not informed.Scientists are trying hard to find out where the c

13、oronavirus comes from.Thats why I cant go with you.主语从句主语从句宾语宾语从句从句表语从句表语从句名词性从句的连接副词_ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.Parents are thought to understand _ important education is to their children s future.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.Whenhowwhy练习

14、Attention:1.主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句所句、表语从句所使用的的引导词，但有些常用于某种名词性从句，如 because、as if、as though仅常用于表语从句，whether和if均可用于宾语从句，但在主语从句和表语从句中一般只用whether。2.此外，it 做形式主语形式主语和和形式宾语形式宾语时，一般将替代它的主语从句和表语从句后置。It is reported that seven people have been seriously injured in the accident.I leave it to your own judgement whether y

15、ou should do it.it 作作形式宾语形式宾语it 作作形式主语形式主语Attention:3.that引导宾语从句引导宾语从句时，常被省略，但下列情况下that不能省略不能省略：动词后有多个多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个只有第一个that可省略可省略，其余的that不可省略。He said(that)the book was veryinteresting and that all the children like to read it.宾语从句前有插入语有插入语时。We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home w

16、ith us.that引导的从句位于句首时从句位于句首时。That he will come,I believe.4.同位语从句同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea,belief,fact,truth,rumor,news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用 that/whether 引导或连接副词 when/where/why/how。u I have no idea which pen is mine.u We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.u The fact t

17、hat they won the game pleased all of them.u It is our responsibility that we should spare no effort to realize our dreams.同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别The news that they told us cheered us all.The news that they won the competition cheered us all.1.同位语从句:that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分；定语从句:that 是关系代词，起连接作用，充当宾语和主语

18、。2.同位语从句:与前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明；定语从句:与前面的名词是所属关系,对名词进行修饰,加以限定。3.同位语从句:that 不能省略；定语从句:that 在从句中作宾语时,可以省略。TipTip：1.找到从句画括号，判断从句类型2.根据成分选连词1.What I want to do is taking a bath.2.The news that they won the game spread through the whole school.3.I dont think he is an honest boy.4.The fact is that he stole

19、 the car.5.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?6.Do you know the man who is standing over there?7.It is said that they won the game.名词性从句连接词的选择名词性从句连接词的选择当从句中：缺主语：who(人)what(物)缺宾语：who/whom(人)what(物)缺定语：which/whose缺状语：where,when,why,how不缺成分，不缺意思不缺意思：that不缺成分，缺意思缺意思(“是否是否”)：whether/if1.that 有没有

20、充当成分；2.when,where,why等前面对应的是表时间，地点，原因等名词时，常是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。1.The suggestion _he raised at the meeting is very good.A.which B.that C./D.what2.The suggestion _ the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.A.which B.that C.what D./总结：1.This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficu

21、lties and hope for the best.2.She asked me_ I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadnt.3.The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.4.I truly believe _beauty comes from within.5.We must find out _ Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.6._breaks

22、 the law should be punished.7.He was absent from school.It is _ he was punished!Practice time（）what（）whether/if（）that）that）when（()Whoever()why8._made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.9.Can you make sure _she had put the gold rings?10.I am very

23、interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time.11.He told me the news _ he would come home from aboard soon.12.The question _ the gas is harmful to peoples health is not clear.13.Nobody can explain the mystery _ dinosaurs became extinct.14.I have no idea _ theyll be back and settle dow

24、n.15.I have no idea _ told a lie to us.)(Whatthatwherehow()thatwhetherwhywhenwhoPracticePracticeif 和和whether引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别只能用只能用whetherwhether的情况的情况 1.作介词的宾语时2.后面有不定式时3.位于句首表强调时4.在动词 discuss 后，5.表从和同从只用whether 6.直接与or not连用时1.The question is _ he should do it.2._ she will come back on time dep

25、ends on weather.3.I asked her _ she had a bike.4.Were worried about _ he is safe.5.I dont know _ he is well or not.6.I dont know _ or not he is well.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soonwhetherWhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether3.Our physics teacher

26、 once told us that light _（travel）faster than sound.travels总结归纳：1)1)主句的动词用主句的动词用一般现在时一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需，从句谓语可根据需要选用要选用各种时态各种时态2.He said that he will go to the station.1.Tom says that Mary _(go)abroad last year and_(be)there for nearly 5 months.2 2）主句的动词用）主句的动词用过去时过去时，从句谓语动词用，从句谓语动词用过去过去相应时态相应时态3 3）主句的动词

27、用）主句的动词用过去时过去时，从句表示，从句表示客观事实客观事实，格言，谚语等格言，谚语等 ，从句谓语动词用，从句谓语动词用一般现在时一般现在时wenthas beenwould3.从句中的从句中的时态时态名词性从句的名词性从句的时态时态取决于取决于_的时态的时态主句是主句是现在现在/将来的时态将来的时态，从句的时态可，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定根据实际情况而定。主句是主句是过去的某种时态过去的某种时态，从句一定要用，从句一定要用过去的某种时态过去的某种时态。注意：如果宾语从句表述的是注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等客观真理、自然现象等时时,不管主句是什么不管主句是什么时态时态

28、,从句都要用从句都要用一般现在时一般现在时。I wonder what he is doing now.Whether we will go out for a dinner tomorrow remains unknown.Ill write to tell him where I will meet him.We didnt know why she had missed the flight.He said he would spend his holiday in California.He said that light travels much faster than sound.

29、主句谓语动词主句谓语动词3.从句中的从句中的时态时态4.从句中的从句中的虚拟虚拟1.I suggest that all the gate (shut).2.She insisted that she (organize)the trip perfectly.(should)be shut(should)organize一些表示一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词或名词后如果接等意义的动词或名词后如果接宾从，应该要用虚拟语气，用宾从，应该要用虚拟语气，用(should)+动词原形动词原形表达。表达。一坚持：一坚持：insist(insistence)二命令：二命令：

30、order,command三建议：三建议：suggest(suggestion),advise(advice),recommend(recommendation)四要求：四要求：request,require(requirement),ask,demand外加一个敦促：外加一个敦促：urgeWe suggested that we(should)go to the cinema.动词:一个坚持(insist);两个命令(order,command);三项要求/请求(demand,require,request);四条建议(suggest,propose,advise,recommend)后接t

31、hat宾语从句中，用(should)doIt+be+v.ed(suggested/required/)+that 的主语从句中，也用(should)do sth.以上动词的名词(order,command,demand,requirement,request,suggestion,proposal,advice,)所接的同位语从句及表语从句中,也用(should)do sth.，如：My suggestion is that we(should)do our homework first.His suggestion that we(should)go there on foot is acc

32、eptable.何时开会还没有决定。何时开会还没有决定。When the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。总结总结归纳：归纳：单数单数复数复数has When they will start and where they will go_(be)still unknown.何时何地开会还没有决定。何时何地开会还没有决定。When and where the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.arehas

33、单数单数单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般一般用用_形式。形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用用_形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用谓语动词用_形式。形式。写作中的名词性从句写作中的名词性从句u 一篇作文，在适当的地方恰当地放置一两个一篇作文，在适当的地方恰当地放置一两个从句从句，不仅会让作文更耐读，而且作文分值会有所提高。不仅会让作文更耐读，而且作文分值会有所提高。u 高考英语作文评分标准高考英语作文评分标准 第五档第五档(很好很好

34、)；(21-25分分)1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.覆盖所有内容要点。覆盖所有内容要点。3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。5.名词性从句在写作中的使用名词性从句在写作中的使用2021浙江浙江1月（读后续写）月（读后续写）让我们惊讶的是，它获得了让我们惊讶的是，它获得了1000多个赞。多个赞。What surprised us was that it got over 1000 likes.It surprised us that2021浙江浙江6月（读后续写）月（读后续写）我得奉献出我的钱这是不公平的。我得奉献出我的钱这是不公平的。It

35、is unfair that I should contribute my money.2021新高考卷新高考卷1（读后续写）（读后续写）他立刻明白了发生了什么。他立刻明白了发生了什么。He immediately understood what had happened.睁开眼，她不敢相信她所看到的。睁开眼，她不敢相信她所看到的。Opening her eyes,she couldnt believe what she had seen.用that/what填空：1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The

36、result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhatPractice1.1.实战高考实战高考1.(2021新高考卷)_ is so breathtaking about the

37、 experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.2.(2021天津高考)It seemed that I had become _ my parents had wanted me to be.3.(2021北京高考)The poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about _ she lived.4.(2021北京高考)My first impression of the organization was _ it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.5.(2021新高考卷)Pack a bag,cut a cake,guess _ juice container holds the most liquid,and much more.WhatwhatwherethatwhichT H A N K S