Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句（ppt课件）-新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Restrictive relative clauses定语从句定语从句定语？从句？定语从句？究竟是个啥子哟？句子成分句子成分 主语：主语：You beat him.谓语谓语:You beat him.宾语宾语:You beat him.定语定语:You beat the bad boy.状语状语:You beat him at home.表语表语:He is bad./He is a boy.行为主体，句子描述的主体行为主体，句子描述的主体主语发出的动作主语发出的动作动作的承受者动作的承受者表示主语表示主语“是什么是什么”“”“怎么样怎么样”时间、地点、原因等时间、地点、原因等用来修饰名词、

2、代词用来修饰名词、代词Basic sentence structures revisionWhat is the attributive clause?(什么是定语从句）修饰名词修饰名词或代词的词，短语或句子词，短语或句子叫定语。定语可前置，也可后置。(短前长后短前长后)定语定语a beautiful girl an apple treea reading rooma book on the deskan interesting booka boy running in the street a broken hearta boy called Tom the first student to

3、 enter the classroom I know a boy who is cool.可作定语的有:形容词，名词，动名词，介词短语，分词(短语)，动词不定式，定语从句What is the attributive clause?(什么是定语从句）Better late than never.定语从句定语从句：1.是个句子是个句子 2.作定语作定语 定语从句通常只能放在被修饰的词之后。定语从句通常只能放在被修饰的词之后。如：如：I have a pen which is beautiful .I know a boy who is handsome.Luffy is a cool boy.

4、Luffy is a boy with a hat.Luffy is a boy who is cool.(.n)+(关系词 +残缺成分的句子).1.连接主从句连接主从句2.关系词指代先行词关系词指代先行词3.关系词在定语从句中充当成分关系词在定语从句中充当成分主句主句引导的从句引导的从句Which one is Harry Porter?The boy is Harry Porter.Harry Porter is wearing glasses.The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter.The boy who wears glasses

5、is Harry Porter.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when,whyThe girl who is dancing is my sister先行词指人先行词指人关系代词关系代词 在在从句从句中作中作主语主语定语从句定语从句 who whomShe is the girl whom I like.先行词指人先行词指人定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词 在在从句从句中作中作宾语宾语关系代词This is a girl whose eyes are blue.先行词指人先行词指人关系代词关系代词 在在从句

6、从句中作中作定语定语定语从句定语从句 whose which I like the book which my father bought.先行词指物先行词指物定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词 在在从句从句中作中作宾语宾语关系代词 thatHe said something that made her angry.定语从句定语从句先行词指物先行词指物关系代词关系代词 在在从句从句中作中作宾语宾语（一）引导定语从句的关系代词 who whom whose which that先行词指先行词指人人，在定语从句中可以充当，在定语从句中可以充当主语主语先行词指先行词指人人，在定语从句中作，在定语从句中

7、作宾语宾语先行词既可以指先行词既可以指人人，也可以指，也可以指物物，表示，表示“所属所属”关系，在定语从句中作关系，在定语从句中作定语定语先行词指先行词指物物，在定语从句中作，在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语先行词既可指先行词既可指人人，也可指，也可指物物，在定语从句中，在定语从句中作主语或宾语作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。，作宾语时可以省略。关系代词：关系代词：The girl who is dancing is my sister.She is the girl whom I like.This is a girl whose eyes are blue.I like the book

8、 which my father bought.He said something that made her angry.That room whose door is red./He is her father that is coming here.This is the time when we eat dinner.先行词指先行词指时间时间关系副词关系副词 从句完整从句完整 不缺成分不缺成分，作，作时间状语时间状语定语从句定语从句 when whereThis is the building where we study.定语从句定语从句关系副词关系副词 从句完整从句完整，作，作地点

9、状语地点状语关系副词先行词指先行词指地点地点关系副词：关系副词：（二）引导定语从句的关系副词（二）引导定语从句的关系副词This is the time when we eat dinner.whenwherewhy先行词是先行词是时间时间，关系词用，关系词用when，在定语从句中做，在定语从句中做时间状语时间状语。This is the building where we study.先行词是先行词是地点地点，关系词用，关系词用where,在定语从句中做在定语从句中做地点状语地点状语。That is the reason why we must study hard.先行词指先行词指原因原因

10、，关系词用，关系词用why,在定语从句中做在定语从句中做原因状语原因状语。This is the college(that/which)I visited.This is the college where I studied three years ago.12The shop _ sells flowers is at the end of the street.A.who B.where C.which二二.考点：关系词的选择考点：关系词的选择方法：方法：判断定语从句缺啥判断定语从句缺啥定语从句中缺少主，宾，表，定语，则从关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose中选。如

11、果定语从句缺少状语，就从关系副词when,where,why中选。Choose the correct answer with A,B,C and D1.I cannot forget the day _ I first visited the Great wall.2.We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the earthquake.3.This is the palace _ we visited yesterday.PracticeA.when B.that C.which D.whoA.when B.that

12、C.which D.whoA.when B.which C.where D.whoADB This is the scientist _ achievements are well-known.=This is the scientist,_the achievements are well-known.=This is the scientist,the achievements _ are well-known.(这就是那位成就显著的科学家。)whoseof whom of whom This is the house _ window faces south.=This is the h

13、ouse,the window _ faces south.=This is the house,_ the window faces south.（这就是那座窗户朝南的房子。）whose of which of which I forgot the day _ I met you.我忘记了我和你相遇的那天。when(=on which)This is the reason _ he left.这就是他离开的原因。why(=for which)This is the hotel _ they stayed.这是他们待过的酒店。where(=in which)Where 引导定从补充：引导定从补

14、充：如果先行词为表示抽象地点的名词抽象地点的名词（stage,state,condition,point,situation,circumstance等）且在定从中作地点状语，用where引导定语从句。where(=in which)We reached a point/situation _ we need a change.我们到了一个需要改变的地步。I remember the days _ we spent together on the farm.(我记得我们在农场一起度过的我们在农场一起度过的日子。)The reason _ he told me yesterday is a li

15、e.(他告诉的他告诉的那个原因是一个谎言。)His father works in a factory _ makes cars.(他爸爸在一家生产汽车的生产汽车的厂里工作。)(that/which)(that/which)(that/which)三三.定语从句中应注意的事项定语从句中应注意的事项1.1.关于关于that/which/who的的选择选择问题问题2.2.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致A.只用that不用which引导的情况 1.先行词是不定代词all,something,nothing,anything,everything,much,little等时。All that

16、 we have to do is to practise every day.我们所要做的就是每天练习。2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我所读过的最好的书。3.先行词被the only,the very,just等所修饰时。He is the only person that I want to talk about.他是唯一一个我想谈话的人。4.先行词既有人又有物时。They talkned about the things and persons that they remembered

17、in the school.他们在谈论在学校里所记得的事和人。B.B.当先行词指事当先行词指事/物时，定从的关系代词用物时，定从的关系代词用which不用不用that的情况的情况1.引导非限制性定从 He made a mistake,which made his teacher angry.2.定从中，动词短语的介词提前时，用介词+which This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.c.只用只用who不用不用that引导定从的情况引导定从的情况1.先行词是指人的不定代词指人的不定代词时 Anyone who finishes his or her ho

18、mework is allowed to have a rest.2.2.主句there be 句型中主语是人，且关系词替代there be 句型中的主语 在定语从句中作主语时。There is a man who is playing basketball.This is the hotel _ last month.A.which they stayedB.at that they stayedC.where they stayed atD.where they stayed1.关系代词在从句中作主语，应根据先行词的单复数先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。He is the only

19、 one of the students that _(know)English.(the only one 为先行词)(他是这些学生中了解英语的这些学生中了解英语的唯一一个。)He is one of the students who _(know)English.（students为先行词）(他是这些了解英语的这些了解英语的学生中的一个。)2.2.定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致knowsknow由由Who Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father

20、?A.whose B.who C.which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One.A.when B.which C.who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.A.who B.which C.whom4.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom5.The doctor _

21、 you are looking for is in the room.A.whom B.what C.which6.The teacher for _ you are waiting has come.A.who B.whom C.that由Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语介词提前时只能用 whom7.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.which B.his C.whose 8.This book is for the students _ native(本国的)language is not English.A.that

22、 B.of whom C.whose 9.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that由Whose 引导的定语从句,在句中做定语10、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south.A.who is grown B.which is grown C.when is grown11、The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found.A.which B.who C.what 12、T

23、he room in _ there are many books is mine.A.that B.who C.which13、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.A.which B.who C.when由由Which Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语介词提前时只能用 whichthat14.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A.which B.that C.what15.Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stole

24、n to the police.A.which B.what C.that先行词是不定代词 all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything只能用that引导14.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A.which B.that C.what15.Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.that先行词是不定代词 all,few,little,much,something,nothing,any

25、thing只能用that引导16.That is the very book _ I was looking for.A.who B.that C.which17.After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing _ he owns.A.who B.that C.which先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last 等修饰时只能用that引导18.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A.who

26、 B.that C.which先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导1.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A.on which B.in which C.which D.the one2.I shall never forget those years _ I live in the farm _ you visited last week.A.when;where B.which;which C.when;which D.which;where 关系代词关系代词asas在定语从句中指在定语从句中指代整件事，代整件事，充当句中的主语或

27、者宾语，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它它经常和经常和the the same,such,assame,such,as一起搭配使用，共同构成一一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组个固定词组。She has the same book as you have.即时练习即时练习1.The run rises in the east and sets in the west,_ is known to everybody.A.which B.this C.that D.it2.Army,_health was poor,became a very famous musician in the end.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which 3.He will have to wait until next month,_everything has been ready.A.which B.where C.when D.by what 4.The shop assistant was very rude to the customer,_made the latter very angry.A.who B.whom C.which D.whatGod helps those who help themselves.自助者天助