Unit4 知识点复习（ppt课件）-新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第三册.pptx

1、必修第三册Unit 4单词1.determine v.查明；确定；决定determination n.决心determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的2.launch v.发射；发起；上市launching n.发射launcher n.发射台；发射者3.intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的intelligence n.智力；智能；聪明4.universe n.宇宙；天地万物universal adj.普遍的；通用的；全体的5.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的disappoint v.使失望disappointment n.失望disappointi

2、ng adj.令人失望的6.desire n.渴望；欲望 v.渴望；期望desirable adj.值得向往的7.sufficient adj.足够的；充足的sufficiency n.充足；足量8.recycle v.回收利用；再利用cycle v.循环；轮转；骑自行车9.curious adj.好奇的curiosity n.好奇10.argue v.论证；争辩；争论argument n.争吵；争论；论点11.fatal adj.致命的fate n.命运12.globe n.地球；地球仪；世界global adj.全球的；全世界的13.limited adj.有限的limit v.限制；限度

3、；界限limitless adj.无限的14.analysis n.分析；分析结果analyse v.分析15.regularly adv.经常；定期地regular adj.定期的；经常的16.mystery n.神秘事物；谜mysterious adj.神秘的；不可思议的17.survive v.幸存；活下来survival n.生存survivor n.幸存者18.breathe v.呼吸；吸入breath n.呼吸breathless adj.气喘吁吁的19.assign v.分派；分配；选派；指定assignment n.功课；作业；工作；分配语法1.We must find a p

4、erson to do the work.2.There are lots of interesting things to see.3.They got the order to leave the city.一、不定式作定语的位置和关系：一、不定式作定语的位置和关系：动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的后面作后置定语。后面作后置定语。动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、或同位关系。动宾关系、或同位关系。主谓关系主谓关系动宾关系动宾关系同位关系同位关系Infiniti

5、ve as attribute 1.She is the first graduate to get an offer in the big company.2.He is the only one to survive the accident.3.He is the right person to do the job.二、不定式作定语（名词被特定词修饰）：二、不定式作定语（名词被特定词修饰）：当名词被序数词或当名词被序数词或 the only,the next,the last,the right修修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者

6、时，用不定式主动形式作定语。定式主动形式作定语。Infinitive as attribute 1.In the past,women had no chance to go to school.2.He made an attempt to be admitted to the big company.3.A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood.4.I must keep the promise to pay on time.5.His eagerness to get back home was qui

7、te obvious.三、不定式作定语与特定名词连用：三、不定式作定语与特定名词连用：有些名词常跟不定式作定语，如：有些名词常跟不定式作定语，如：wish,decision,chance,promise,plan,time,attempt,effort,ability,eagerness等。等。Infinitive as attribute 1.Give me a pen to write with.2.He is looking for a room to live in.3.There is nothing to worry about.4.Here is a piece of paper

8、 for you to write on.四、不定式加介词作定语：四、不定式加介词作定语：作定语的作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。定式后面须有相应的介词。Infinitive as attribute 1.I have a lot of things to do tomorrow.2.Please give me something to drink.3.He will show you the right path to ta

9、ke.拓展与补充一：拓展与补充一：在一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动形式表被动意在一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动形式表被动意义，如义，如 have/get/give/show sth to do。在此类句型中，不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，和句中在此类句型中，不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，和句中另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系。另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系。I do a lot of things./I drink something./You take the right path.Infinitive as attribute 1.Do you have any clothe

10、s to wash?2.Kids,do you have any clothes to be washed?3.I cant go out this afternoon,because I have many materials to type.4.The boss told me that he had many materials to be typed.试比较试比较1、2句和句和3、4句的区别是什么？句的区别是什么？Infinitive as attribute 当不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语当不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动

11、形式表被动意义；若构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动形式表被动意义；若没有逻辑上的主谓关系且不确定逻辑主语是谁时，仍用没有逻辑上的主谓关系且不确定逻辑主语是谁时，仍用被动语态。被动语态。1.There is a lot of homework to do.2.There is a lot of homework to be done.3.There is nothing to see.4.There is nothing to be seen.拓展与补充二：拓展与补充二：Infinitive as attribute 在在there be+n+to do 结构中，可用不定式的主动形式结构中，可用不

12、定式的主动形式也可用被动形式，只是意义和侧重点不同，也可用被动形式，只是意义和侧重点不同，to do强调人，强调人，其逻辑主语是动作的发出者，其逻辑主语是动作的发出者，to be done强调物，其逻强调物，其逻辑主语是动作的承受者。辑主语是动作的承受者。主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式to doto be done进行进行式式to be doing完成完成式式to have doneto have been done完成进行完成进行式式to have been doing 动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态Infinitive as attribute:Summary

13、1.We must find a person to do the work.2.There are lots of interesting things to see.3.They got the order to leave the city.一、不定式作定语的位置和关系：一、不定式作定语的位置和关系：动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的后面作后置定语。后面作后置定语。动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、或同位关系。动宾关系、或同位关系。主谓关系主谓关系动宾关系动宾

14、关系同位关系同位关系Infinitive as attribute 1.She is the first graduate to get an offer in the big company.2.He is the only one to survive the accident.3.He is the right person to do the job.二、不定式作定语（名词被特定词修饰）：二、不定式作定语（名词被特定词修饰）：当名词被序数词或当名词被序数词或 the only,the next,the last,the right修修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不饰，

15、且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定式主动形式作定语。定式主动形式作定语。Infinitive as attribute 1.In the past,women had no chance to go to school.2.He made an attempt to be admitted to the big company.3.A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood.4.I must keep the promise to pay on time.5.His eagerness to get

16、 back home was quite obvious.三、不定式作定语与特定名词连用：三、不定式作定语与特定名词连用：有些名词常跟不定式作定语，如：有些名词常跟不定式作定语，如：wish,decision,chance,promise,plan,time,attempt,effort,ability,eagerness等。等。Infinitive as attribute 1.Give me a pen to write with.2.He is looking for a room to live in.3.There is nothing to worry about.4.Here i

17、s a piece of paper for you to write on.四、不定式加介词作定语：四、不定式加介词作定语：作定语的作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。定式后面须有相应的介词。Infinitive as attribute 1.I have a lot of things to do tomorrow.2.Please give me something to drink.3.He will show you th

18、e right path to take.拓展与补充一：拓展与补充一：在一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动形式表被动意在一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动形式表被动意义，如义，如 have/get/give/show sth to do。在此类句型中，不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，和句中在此类句型中，不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，和句中另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系。另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系。I do a lot of things./I drink something./You take the right path.Infinitive as attribute 1.Do y

19、ou have any clothes to wash?2.Kids,do you have any clothes to be washed?3.I cant go out this afternoon,because I have many materials to type.4.The boss told me that he had many materials to be typed.试比较试比较1、2句和句和3、4句的区别是什么？句的区别是什么？Infinitive as attribute 当不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语当不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系，且和句中

20、的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动形式表被动意义；若构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动形式表被动意义；若没有逻辑上的主谓关系且不确定逻辑主语是谁时，仍用没有逻辑上的主谓关系且不确定逻辑主语是谁时，仍用被动语态。被动语态。1.There is a lot of homework to do.2.There is a lot of homework to be done.3.There is nothing to see.4.There is nothing to be seen.拓展与补充二：拓展与补充二：Infinitive as attribute 在在there be+n+to do 结构中

21、，可用不定式的主动形式结构中，可用不定式的主动形式也可用被动形式，只是意义和侧重点不同，也可用被动形式，只是意义和侧重点不同，to do强调人，强调人，其逻辑主语是动作的发出者，其逻辑主语是动作的发出者，to be done强调物，其逻强调物，其逻辑主语是动作的承受者。辑主语是动作的承受者。主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式to doto be done进行进行式式to be doing完成完成式式to have doneto have been done完成进行完成进行式式to have been doing 动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态Infinitive as

22、attribute:Summary 语言点 be disappointed at/with/by.对对失望失望 be disappointed to do sth.对做某事失望对做某事失望 be disappointed that.对对失望失望 to ones disappointment令某人失望的是令某人失望的是adj.失望的，沮丧的失望的，沮丧的 (disappoint vt.使失望使失望/沮丧沮丧disappointing adj.令人失望的令人失望的 disappointment n.失望，沮丧失望，沮丧)1disappointed(1)Judging from his look，h

23、is boss was with his performance.So to his ，he didnt get promoted.(disappoint)disappointeddisappointeddisappointingdisappointment(2)他对未能获奖感到极度失望，把自己锁在房间里。他对未能获奖感到极度失望，把自己锁在房间里。(读后续写之心理描写读后续写之心理描写)Overcome with ，he locked himself in the room.(3)To their disappointment，they failed to cook a Mothers Da

24、y breakfast at the first attempt.(2021新高考全国新高考全国，读后续写，读后续写)was that they failed to cook a Mothers Day breakfast at the first attempt.(用用what引导引导的主语从句改写的主语从句改写)They failed to cook a Mothers Day breakfast at the first attempt，.(用定语从句改写用定语从句改写)What made them disappointed/What disappointed thembitter di

25、sappointment at his failing to win a prizewhich made them disappointed/disappointed them have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事渴望做某事 have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物渴望得到某物 desire to do sth.渴望做某事渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事渴望某人做某事 desire that.(should)do.渴望渴望n.渴望；欲望；愿望渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望渴望；期望2desire(1)The boy h

26、as a strong desire a smartphone with a large internal memory to play games.for(2)My foreign teacher desires his son (learn)Chinese culture，so I strongly recommend Beijing Language and Culture University to him.(3)我渴望成为像那些医生一样的人，他们为社会做出了巨大贡献。我渴望成为像那些医生一样的人，他们为社会做出了巨大贡献。(2020天津，书面表达天津，书面表达)who have ma

27、de great contributions to the society.(desire to do)who have made great contributions to the society.(desire that.)I desire to become a person like those doctorsto learnI desire that I(should)become a person like those doctors signal(to)sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事示意某人做某事 signal(sb.)that示意示意(某人某人)traffic si

28、gnals交通信号灯交通信号灯v.标志着；标明；发信号标志着；标明；发信号 n.信号；标志；预示；信号灯信号；标志；预示；信号灯3signal(1)The headteacher signaled to the monitor (manage)the students strictly.to manage(2)铃声响起，放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。铃声响起，放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。(读后续写之动作链描写读后续写之动作链描写)The bell ，and all the students rose to their feet，seized their

29、 schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.(3)司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放在车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放在车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。路上的交通信号。(读后续写之动作链描写读后续写之动作链描写)The driver lifted up the injured boy，placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital，.signaled that school was overignoring the traffic si

30、gnals all the way (a)lack of缺少缺少 for/through lack of因缺少因缺少 be lacking in在在方面缺乏方面缺乏vt.缺乏；缺少；没有缺乏；缺少；没有 n.缺乏；短缺缺乏；短缺 (lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的不足的；缺乏的)4lack(1)For lack sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.of(2)健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。(话题写作之健康话题写作之健康生活生活)Hea

31、lth problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and _ .(3)尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。(2021新高考全国新高考全国，读后续写，读后续写)Though they ，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advic

32、e.(用省略句改写用省略句改写)(a)lackof exerciselacked cooking experienceThough lacking cooking experienceargue with sb.about/over sth.因某事与某人争吵因某事与某人争吵/争论争论argue for/against(doing)sth.据理赞成据理赞成/反对反对(做做)某事某事argue that.主张主张，认为，认为argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做说服某人做/不做某事不做某事vt.&vi.争论；争辩；论证争论；争辩；论证(argument n.争论；

33、争辩；争吵；争论；争辩；争吵；论点论点)5argue(1)The reason why he had an (argue)with his wife was that their money was running out.(2)He often argues his son recycling water so as to cut down the water bill.(3)They argued him taking exercise on a regular basis.(4)现在现在 60%的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们会在日常生活中这么的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们会在日常

34、生活中这么做。做。(议论文议论文)Currently,and claim that they will do this in their daily life.argumentwithabout/overinto60%of the interviewees argue for rubbish classification attach.to.把把附在附在上；把上；把绑在绑在上上 attach importance/significance/value/weight/.to.认为认为有重要性有重要性/意义意义/价值价值/分量等分量等 be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于喜欢，依恋；附属

35、于v.系；绑；贴；把系；绑；贴；把固定；重视固定；重视(attached adj.附加的；附加的；依恋的，爱慕的依恋的，爱慕的 attachment n.附件；附属品；依恋附件；附属品；依恋)6attach(1)Please find my application letter and resume in the (attach).attachment(2)With time going by，Claire seemed to be more (attach)to Tony，the robot.(3)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重

36、要性也不为过。(应用应用文写作之建议信文写作之建议信)during the process of learning a language.(4)他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。(读后续写之动作链描写读后续写之动作链描写)He took out the hammock，and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music.attachedYou can never attach too much importance to readingattache

37、d it to the treesrun out of用光，用完用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态人作主语，有被动语态)run across偶然遇到偶然遇到run after追逐；追求追逐；追求run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等困境、麻烦等)用完；耗尽用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态物作主语，无被动语态)7run out用用run的相关短语填空的相关短语填空(1)The moment we a cute wild rabbit，we rode our horses and it without hesitation.(2)Our energy wa

38、s but when we heard the call of my uncle，a radiant smile lit up our faces.(3)I had all my patience and I began to explode with anger.ran across/intoran afterrunning outrun out of otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句句 子子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用用 would/

39、could have done；表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词；表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用用 would/could do。otherwise还常用于句型还常用于句型“祈使句祈使句otherwise陈述句陈述句”。Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。定下来，否

40、则所有的东西都会飘走。8otherwise的用法的用法(1)我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。We didnt know you were in trouble at that time，_ .(2)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。I have no money on me now.Otherwise，.(3)快点，否则我们会错过末班车。快点，否则我们会错过末班车。Hurry up，.otherwise we wouldhave given you a handI would lend s

41、ome to youotherwise/or we will miss the last busexploring space在句中作主语。在句中作主语。doing作主语还有以下情况：作主语还有以下情况：(1)it作形式作形式主语：主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.做某事没用；做某事没用；It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间。做某事浪费时间。(2)动名词的复合结构：名词所有格动名词的复合结构：名词所有格/形形容词性物主代词容词性物主代词doing作主语。作主语。Firstly，exploring spa

42、ce has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先，探索太空已经在与世首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。9动名词作动名词作主语主语(1)对学习有积极的态度是我尊敬你的原因。对学习有积极的态度是我尊敬你的原因。is the reason why I respect you.(2)在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。(读后续写之心理描写读后续写之心理描写)made my heart in my mouth.(3)在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费

43、时间。在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。In my opinion，.(4)他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.Having a positive attitude to studyBeing lost in the forestit is a waste of time playing computer gamesHis failing in the exam again课文短语Language points:Important phrases

44、 (P40,P41)1the main reasons for 2go wrong3remain bright4in the hope of5find out the secrets6realise ones dream7achieve goals8in space的主要原因的主要原因出错出错仍然是光明的仍然是光明的怀着怀着的希望的希望 找出秘密找出秘密实现某人的梦想实现某人的梦想实现目标实现目标在太空中在太空中Language points:Important words and phrases(P44)1waste time doing sth2find solutions to prob

45、lems3fatal diseases4result in5orbit Earth6provide recommendations for sb 7be widely used8at present浪费时间做某事浪费时间做某事找到解决问题的方法找到解决问题的方法致命的疾病致命的疾病导致导致环绕地球环绕地球为某人提供建议为某人提供建议被广泛使用被广泛使用目前目前Language points:Important words and phrases(P44 P45)9in the future10in closing11be against12unsolved mysteries13run out14give feedback on15spelling errors将来将来最后最后反对反对未解之谜未解之谜用完用完对对作出反馈作出反馈拼写错误拼写错误谢谢大家