Unit 3 Grammar and usage表语从句（ppt课件）-新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、Predicative clausesWhat do you know about the great historian Sima Qian?Born in either 145 or 135 BCE,during Chinas Han dynasty,Sima Qian is“the father of Chinese history”.Sima Qian wrote Shi Ji,a history of the world known to China.Lead-inRead the essay on the great historian Sima Qian and answer.1

2、.What is the essay about?The essay is about the great historian Sima Qian.2.What greatest achievement did Sima Qian make?He wrote the Shiji(Records of the Grand Historian).3.What contributed to Sima Qians success?His fathers influence,his learning and traveling and his perseverance.4.How is the essa

3、y developed?The essay is developed in chronological order.Sima Qian,one of the greatest historians in Chinese history,was born in either 145 or 135 BCE.Influenced by his father,who was also a historian,Sima Qian took an interest in history when he was a child.He learnt Chinese classics from great li

4、terary masters,and at the age of 20,he began travelling extensively across the country.He interviewed the local people to get a wide range of information.Learning and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.Below is an essay on the great historian Sima Qian.Find th

5、e sentences with predicative clauses and fill in the box below.The first one has been done for you.Exploring the rulesHis fathers dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.After his father died,Sima Qian succeeded his father as Grand Historian,w

6、hich facilitated his access to official books and files.However,his work proved difficult,because sorting out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts.His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.As he c

7、arried on with his work,something awful happened to Sima Qian.He was put in prison,where he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally.However,he was not defeated.He never forgot about his fathers dream,in good times or bad times.After more than ten years of hard work,the Shiji(Records of the Gr

8、and Historian),his masterpiece,was completed.Working out the rules We can use a noun clause as the predicative of a sentence.We can use that to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a(1)_.We can use whether to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a(2)_.We can use what,why,wh

9、en,where,etc.to introduce a predicative clause when the clause is a(3)_.statementyes-no questionwh-questionDefinition表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，常位于表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，常位于系动词系动词之之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。可接表语从句的可接表语从句的词除词除be外，还有外，还有appear,look,seem,sound,taste等。等。用来引导表语从句的词包括：用来引导表语从句的词包括：that/whether/becaus

10、e/as if/as though等等who/whom/whose/which/what等等when/where/why/how等等 that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分,无意义无意义,只起连接作用。只起连接作用。口语中口语中that常可省略。常可省略。e.g.My point is that you may have to face the problem.The truth is that they are fully prepared for the trip.麻烦是我把他的地址（麻烦是我把他的地址（address）丢了。）丢了。My suggestion is that we

11、_(tell)him.should tellPractice:1.由由从属连词从属连词引导的表语从句引导的表语从句The trouble is that I have lost his address.在表在表“建议建议,劝说劝说,命令命令”的名词的名词(suggestion,advice,request,demand等等)后面的表语从句中，后面的表语从句中，谓语动词谓语动词用用“should+动词原形动词原形”(虚拟语气虚拟语气)，should可省略可省略 whether引导一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句，意思是引导一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句，意思是“是否是否”，陈述陈述语序。语

12、序。e.g.The question is whether it is worth doing.My doubt is whether we can get there on time.(注意：注意：if不能引导表语从句。不能引导表语从句。)Practice:问题是我们是否可以依赖他。问题是我们是否可以依赖他。The question is whether we can rely on him.表语从句也可以由表语从句也可以由 as if/as though 引导，意思是引导，意思是“似乎、好像似乎、好像”e.g.He looked as if he was going to cry.It s

13、eems as though he doesnt know the answer.as if/as though引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 如果如果是事实是事实，就用，就用陈述语气陈述语气；如果如果与事实不符与事实不符，就用，就用虚拟语气虚拟语气(从句表示与从句表示与现在现在事实相反，谓语动词用事实相反，谓语动词用一般过一般过去式去式；从句表示与从句表示与过去过去事实相反，谓语动词用事实相反，谓语动词用had+过去分词过去分词；从句表示；从句表示将来的将来的可能性不大可能性不大，用，用would/might/could+动词原形动词原形)。e.g.He looks as if he were

14、 a rich man.He looked just as if he had looked ten years before.It looks as if it might rain.because引导的表语从句常见于引导的表语从句常见于 This/That/It is/was because.句型中句型中e.g.He was sent to the hospital.Thats because he was ill.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.Thats because强调强调原因原因；Thats why强调强调结

15、果结果1)He failed the math exam.Thats _he was too careless.2)He was too careless.Thats _ he failed the math exam.becausewhy名词名词reason作主语时，表语从句用作主语时，表语从句用that而不用而不用because或或why引导引导The reason _ he failed the math exam is _ he was too careless.thatwhye.g.The problem is who will water my plants when I am a

16、way.The question is who is responsible for the accident.That is what I want to tell you.That mountain is no longer what it used to be.The problem is whose work is the best.The question is which of us should go.2.由由连接代词连接代词 (who/whom/whose/which/what等等)引导的表语从句引导的表语从句连接代词在表语从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，连接代词在表语从句

17、中可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，不能不能省略。省略。e.g.What he wonders is when they can finish their work.He was ill.Thats why he was sent to the hospital.The question is how he did it.That is where he was born.Thats where I first met her.3.由由连接副词连接副词(when/where/why/how)引导的表语从句引导的表语从句连接副词在表语从句中充当状语，可表时间、地点、原因等，连接副词在表语从句中充当状

18、语，可表时间、地点、原因等，不能不能省略。省略。1.The fact is _ we should depend on ourselves.2.The city is no longer _ it was ten years ago.3.The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.4.This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.5._surprised me most was

19、_ he spoke Spanish so fluently.6.All shes worried about is _ he is all right.7.The most important thing is _ we can get through the difficult times.8.She looks _ she were ill.whenwhatwhatthatPracticeWhatthatwhetherhowas if1.The trouble was _ we could manage it ourselves or not.2.Another unique human

20、 characteristic is _ we walk upright.3.The question,however,is _ this is what the developing countries need the most.4.The trouble is _we have no money.5.From space,the earth looks blue.This is _ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.6.The only reason for my coming is _ I hope

21、d to see you again.7.The biggest question is _ will take charge of the company.8.Liberty means responsibility.That is_ most men dread it.thatwhetherbecausewhetherthatbecausewhowhy9.What puzzles Lilys friends is _ she always has so many crazy ideas.10.China is no longer _ she used to be.11.The questi

22、on remains _ they will be able to help us.12.It appears _ he has a taste for music.13.It sounds _ someone is knocking at the door.14.What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.15.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.whywhatwhether/whenthatas if whetherwhere Applying the ruleswhichthatthatwhywheth

23、erhowApplying the rulesthatthathowwhyAnswer the questions.1.What are included in the Shiji?It not only includes vivid descriptions of historical figures,but also lists important events in different periods.Moreover,it covers advances in astronomy,music,the calendar and so on.2.What is one of the mai

24、n features in the Shiji?Sima Qian used vivid stories instead of dry facts to present biographies.3.How did the Shiji influence the way to record Chinese history in years to come?Later historians wrote 23 more official histories in a similar format.Rewrite the sentences using predicative clauses.At t

25、he age of eight,he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.The age of eight was when he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.His hard work and dedication made him a leading artist in Peking Opera.His hard work and dedication were what made him a leading artist in Peking Opera.

26、This lifelong devotion has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of all time.This lifelong devotion was what has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of all time.Write a short paragraph to express your ideas,suggestions or hope to salute and learn from a great historical figure with at least 5 sentences in predicative clauses.Homework