Unit 2 Grammar and usage （ppt课件） (2)-2023新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、UNITWhat are these people doing?Six weeks agoOver the past six weeksOn the day of the city half-marathon业余运动员业余运动员l return to normal l reflect on sth l raise money for charity l training session l feel well prepared l a hearty breakfast l test ones limits l like never before Useful Expressions回归正常回归

2、正常反思反思为慈善筹款为慈善筹款训练课程训练课程感觉已经充分准备感觉已经充分准备一顿可口的早餐一顿可口的早餐测试某人的极限测试某人的极限以前从没有过以前从没有过Six weeks agoOver the past six weeksOn the day of the city half-marathonNicole agreed to take part in a city half-marathon for amateurs.Nicole started her training very gently on the first day,and gradually increased the

3、 distance in each training session.Nicole ran her race relaxed and confident,even though her limits were being tested like never beforeMy heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I found a shady place to rest my tired body.My cheeks were red,and I could hear myself breathing heavily as I looked up a

4、t the blue sky.When my breathing returned to normal,I reflected on what had just been achieved.She felt tired but excited.Passive voice in the past continuous tensePassive voice in the past perfect tense.,I reflected on what had just been achieved.Whats passive voice?我们每年都种树。We plant trees every yea

5、r.树每年都被我们种。Trees are planted by us every year.观察下列句子，找出它们有什么不同。观察下列句子，找出它们有什么不同。我们每天都打扫教室。We clean the classroom every day.教室每天都被我们打扫。The classroom is cleaned by us every day.英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态：主动语态主动语态(the Active Voice)被动语态被动语态(the Passive Voice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表

6、示主语是动作的承受者承受者。助动词be 有人称，数，时态的变化注意：只有及物动词才有被动语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语：主变宾，宾变主，谓语变成be+doneWe clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.动作承受者动作发出者动作1.定义：动作的承受者做主语，表达被动含义定义：动作的承受者做主语，表达被动含义2.基本形式：基本形式：be done(动词的过去分词动词的过去分词)3.强调动作发出

7、者：强调动作发出者：by+动作发出者动作发出者4.be有各种时态变化有各种时态变化一、Passive Voice 被动语态was/were doingbe donewas/were being done过去进行时的被动语态had donebe donehad been done现在完成时的被动语态Passive voice in the past continuous tensePassive voice in the past perfect tense.,I reflected on what had just been achieved.even though my limits wer

8、e being tested like never before.a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized.,I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity.The passive voice in the past continuous tense is used to refer to an action _(do)at a specific time in the _(present/past).The verb form is“_”

9、.The passive voice in the past perfect tense is used to express an action completed _(before/after)a past time.The verb form is“_”.Working out the rules过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态否定主语否定主语+was/were+not+being+done一般疑问句一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语主语+being+done特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:疑问词疑问词+was/were+(主语主语+)being+done过去进行时过去进行时被动语态被动语

10、态过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态+=主语主语+were/was+doing主主+be+done主语主语+was/were+being+donebe+doingbeing+=(1)过去进行时的被动语态表示过去的某一特定时间正在进过去进行时的被动语态表示过去的某一特定时间正在进行的被动动作。行的被动动作。He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。This film was being shown then.那时这部电影正在上映。那时这部电影正

11、在上映。2.进行时的被动语态可以由进行时的被动语态可以由“was/were+under/on等介词等介词+名词名词”结构代替。结构代替。This film was being shown then.=This film was on show.那时这部电影正在上映。那时这部电影正在上映。He didnt stay in my room last night because it was being repaired.=He didn t stay in my room last night because it was under repair.昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，我的房间正在修缮。昨

12、天晚上他没有住在我房间里，我的房间正在修缮。过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态否定否定:主语主语+had+not+been+done一般疑问句一般疑问句:had+主语主语+been+done特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:疑问词疑问词+had+(主语主语+)been+done过去完成时过去完成时被动语态被动语态过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态+=主语主语+had done主主+be+done主语主语+had+been+donebe+donebeen+=(1)过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。By the time the teacher came i

13、n,the first experiment had been finished.老师进来的时候,第一个实验已经完成了。The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came in.老师进来之前教室还没有打扫。用法用法1:1:表示在过去某个动作或者时间之前就已经发生或者已经完成表示在过去某个动作或者时间之前就已经发生或者已经完成的的被动被动动作动作，常常与，常常与by,before,by,before,等引导的时间状语（从句）连用。等引导的时间状语（从句）连用。我们到那里时，所有的票都卖完了。By the time we got the

14、re,all the tickets had been sold out.By the time I got up,my sister had already washed all the clothes.将下列句子改为被动句They had constructed a new bridge over the river by the end of the last month.用法用法2:表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。常常与常常与for,since 引导的时间状语（从句）连用引导的时间状语（从句）连用It was repo

15、rted that the sale had been advertised for several weeks.据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了几个星期的广告了He told us that he had done the reach for five years.He suddenly remembered that he had left the key at home.将下列句子改为被动句常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought,等动词后引导的宾语从句（或间接引语中），表示这些动作之前就发生的被动动作。Scarcely/Rarely/Hardly/(过去完成时过去完成时

16、)（部分倒装）（部分倒装）+when+句子（过去时）或句子（过去时）或 No sooner(过去完成时过去完成时)（部分倒装）（部分倒装）+than+句句子（过去时）句型中，表示子（过去时）句型中，表示“刚刚.就就,一一.就就”.当从句中主语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态；用法用法3:3:Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell something burning.前门一被打开，我们就能闻到烧焦的气味。It/This/That was the first/second/.time+that从句，当从句中主

17、语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态；用法用法4:4:It was the first time that he had been awarded.这是他第一次获奖B 1Page 21 1.It was an amazing achievement for a player who _ (injure)so recently.2.The swimming pool _(clean)thoroughly the day before the competition began.3.He felt that his talents _(waste)as a basketball pla

18、yer and was eager for a change.B 1Page 21 4.Tom was told that his teammate won the race while he _(treat)by the team doctor.5.Photos of the riders _(take)before they got on their horses.DiscussionPassive voice in the past continuous tensePassive voice in the past perfect tenseStatecontinuous(进行状态)perfect(完成状态)TimeFormat a specific time in the pastbefore a past timewas/were being donehad been doneApplying the ruleshad been placedwere being carriedhad(been)trainedhad been madewere being cheeredwas being blownUNIT