计量地理学第三章统计分析方法2回归分析课件.ppt

1、bxaybxbLnaAxeeyxbLnayLn)()()()(xbLnaybxbxaAeeeybxayLn)(yBxAybxaya a为常数为常数,它就是它就是y y的截距的截距b b为回归系数，也就是直线的斜率，它表示在为回归系数，也就是直线的斜率，它表示在x x中变更一个单中变更一个单位则在位则在y y中变更中变更b b个单位个单位b0b0，表示要素一齐增加或一齐减小表示要素一齐增加或一齐减小b0b0，表示一个要素增加而另一个则要减小表示一个要素增加而另一个则要减小b b值的大小，反映了变化率的大小值的大小，反映了变化率的大小 是y的估计值，亦称回归值。y min)()(212112nii

2、iniiiniibxayyyeQ020211iniiiniiixbxaybQbxayaQ0012111111niininiiiiiniiiniiniiniiixbxayxxbxayxbnaybxayiiiiiiyxbxaxybxna)()()(2iiiiiiyxybaxxxn2xxxyiiiiiiiiiiiillxxyyxxxnxyxnyxxnxyxnyxbxbya22222)()()(11xxyyyyxxxyxyxxxyllrblllrllb22xbxayxbyanxxnyxyxbiiiiii05.184.084.057.11049.1975.12049.1128.13816.3056127

3、.1558.13819.3323)()()(2222)(2nyySii2iyy)y-(yl总SxyyyxyxxibllbllbxxbUS2ii2222i2i2ii2iyy)y-(yQ)()y-y (UQ)y-y ()y-(y)y-(yl总yyyyyyxxxyyyxyyylrQlrUrllllbllU)1(2222xxyyyyxxxyxyxxxyllrblllrllb222nQUFbxdyexbayxbaylnxbaybdxy xbayyylnxx dalnyy xxlnyylnxxlndalnxbay1xbayxxxyybaye,1,e1令xbaykkxxdxy2121kkxxxy22110

4、xxyy1,1kkxxxxxxyyln,ln,ln,ln2211dln0kkxxxylnlnln22110kkxxxy22110kkxxxxxxyyln,ln,ln,2211表3.2.1 某地区各个林地景观斑块面积（m2）与周长（m）AylnPxln表3.2.2 经对数变换后的数据图3.2.2 林地景观斑块面积（A）与周长（P）之间的双对数关系 7505.0505.1xy（3.2.19）7505.0ln505.1lnPA（3.2.20）xyr22222)()(1)()(1yylyyQlQyyyyRyyyykkxxxy22110kkxbxbxbby22110212211021)()(nkknxb

5、xbxbbyyyQ),2,1(,0202110kjxyybQyybQjnjnnanaakanakkanakaakaanakananaaanakkaanaaaanaananaaanakkaanaaanaananaanakkanaaayxbxbxxbxxbxyxbxxbxbxxbxyxbxxbxxbxbxybxbxbxnb11122121101112122122121012111112121121011111212110)(.)()()()()()()()()()()()()()(（3.2.15)knnnkkxxxxxxxxxxxxX2132313222121k211111.11knnnkkkkn

6、kkknnTxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxXXA213231322212121113212232221113121111111111nakanakaanakaanakanakaanaanaaanaanakaanaaananaanakanaanaaxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxn12121111212212112111211211111211nyyyY21nbbbbb210 则正规方程组（3.2.15）式可以进一步写成矩阵形式BAb naakanaaanaaanaanknkkknnTyyyxyxyyyyyxxxxxxxxxxxxYXB1121113213212232

7、22111312111111YXXXBAbTT11)(najjiiajiijxxxxLL1)(naaiiaiyyyxxL1)(（3.2.16）),2,1,(kji),2,1(kikkkykkkkkykkykkxbxbxbybLbLbLbLLbLbLbLLbLbLbL2211022112222212111212111)51.2.3(3322110 xbxbxbbyyyylblblbllblblbllblblbl3333232131232322212113132121113322110 xbxbxbyb920.1488851.8754605.1857597.368510.312605.1857255.661699.62390.111597.368699.62483.56321321321bbbbbbbbb32110689.005753.021070.147177.36xxxyk21x,x,xQULSyy总nanaiyiLbyyU112)(nayyaaULyyQ12)()1/(/knQkUFQULsyy总21)(nyyQnkiiyiLbyyU112)(