SUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理课件.ppt

1、2022-12-27SUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理SUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流供应链及物流管理管理SUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理WAY OF TRANSPORTBy seaBy airBy land1.Combination of aboveINTERNATIONAL TRADESUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理A bill of lading(B/L)involvesShipped bill of ladingReceived-for-shipment bill of l

2、adingUnclean bill of ladingClean bill of ladingStraight bill of ladingOrder bill of ladingNegotiable bill of ladingINTERNATIONAL TRADENon-negotiable bill of ladingThrough bill of ladingStale bill of ladingOn deck bill of ladingTransshipment bill of ladingBill of lading in ships bagSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGI

3、STICS供应链及物流管理When to choose by airWhen it is the only way availableWhen valuable goods are being shippedWhen delicate goods are being shippedWhen goods are physically perishable,such as food,plants and animalsWhen urgent products are shipped,such as medicineWhen economic perishability may exist and

4、market must be tapped quicklyWhen marketing implementation is criticalWhen very small shipments are less costly by air than by water1.When total cost is cheaper by air than by seaINTERNATIONAL TRADESUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理2000年版年版国际贸易术语国际贸易术语解释通则解释通则的的13种贸易术种贸易术语语C组组(主要运费已付)卖方的共同义务：1，办理运输的手续和

5、承担运费，在CIF和CIP术语中，卖方还须办理投保手续和承担保险费;2，提交与货物有关的单据或相等的电子单证;3，办理出口手续。买方的共同义务：1，在CFR何CPT术语下办理投保并支付保险费;2，办理进口手续。CFR贸易术语(Cost and Freight)成本加运费，交货地点：装运港船上。运输方式：海运内河。风险转移：装运港船舷。CIF贸易术语(Cost,Insurance and Freight)成本保险加运费，交货地点：装运港船舷。运输方式：海运内河。风险转移：装运港船舷。CPT贸易术语(Carriage Paid To)运费付至，交货地点：交承运人。运输方式：各种运输。风险转移：交货

6、时。CIP贸易术语(Carriage and Insurance Paid to)运费保险费付至，交货地点：交承运人。运输方式：各种运输。风险转移：交货时。D组组(到达)卖方的共同义务：1，负责把货物运至约定的地点或目的地交货;2，卖方必须承担货物运至目的地前的全部风险和费用;3，由卖方办理出口手续，再DDP的情况下，还要办理进口手续。买方的共同义务：1，承担货物在目的地交付后的风险和费用。2，除DDP术语外，买方应办理进口手续。本组的风险转移全部是在：交货时。DAF贸易术语(Delivered at Frontier)边境交货，交货地点：边境指定地点交货。运输方式：路上运输。DES贸易术语(

7、Delivered EX Ship)目的港船上交货，交货地点：目的港船上。运输方式：海运内河。DEQ贸易术语(Delivered EX Quay)目的港码头交货，交货地点：目的港码头。运输方式：海运内河。DDU贸易术语(Delivered Duty Upaid)未完税交货，交货地点：制定目的地。运输方式：各种运输。DDP贸易术语(Delivered Duty Paid)完税交货，交货地点：指定目的地。运输方式：各种运输。E组组(发货)EXW贸易术语(EX works)工厂交货，卖方义务：交货义务，承担交货前的风险和费用。买方义务：必须承担在卖方所在地受领货物的全部费用和风险，办理出口结关手续。

8、交货地点：卖方工厂。运输方式：各种运输。风险转移：交货时。F组组(主要运费未付)卖方共同义务：1，履行交货义务;2，办理出口结关手续;3，向买方提交与货物有关的单证或相等的电子单证。买方共同义务：1，办理货物的运输和保险;2，办理货物进口手续。FCA贸易术语(Free Carrier)货交承运人，交货地点：交承运人。运输方式：各种运输。风险转移：交货时。FAS贸易术语(Free Along Side)船边交货，交货地点：装运港船边。运输方式：海运内河。风险转移：交货时。FOB贸易术语(Free On Board)船上交货，交货地点：装运港船上。运输方式：海运内河。风险转移：装运港船舷INTER

9、NATIONAL TRADESUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理2010年版年版国际贸易术语解释通则国际贸易术语解释通则中的两类中的两类11个术语个术语 第一类：适用于任何运输方式CIP-Carriage and Insurance Paid 运费/保险费付至目的地CPT-Carriage Paid To 运费付至目的地DAP-Delivered At Place 目的地交货DAT-Delivered At Terminal 目的地或目的港的集散站交货DDP-Delivered Duty Paid 完税后交货EXW-Ex Works 工厂交货FCA-Free Carr

10、ier 货交承运人 第二类：适用于海运和内河运输CFR-Cost and Freight 成本加运费CIF-Cost,Insurance and Freight 成本保险费加运费FAS-Free Alongside Ship 装运港船边交货FOB-Free On Board 装运港船上交货INTERNATIONAL TRADESUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Finance of export involvesBill of exchange(汇票）Collection arrangement（托收）1.Letter of credit(L/C)（信用证）INTER

11、NATIONAL TRADESUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理INTERNATIONAL TRADESUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理INTERNATIONAL TRADEKinds of letters of creditClean creditDocumentary creditRevocable creditIrrevocable creditConfirmed creditUnconfirmed creditSight credit1.Usance creditPayment creditDeferred payment L/CA

12、cceptance creditNegotiation creditRevolving creditTransferable creditNon-transferable creditRed clause creditBack-to-back creditReciprocal creditSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Arbitration of international tradeUNCITRAL-United Nations Commission on International Trade Law联合国国际贸易法委员会The ICC Court of A

13、rbitration-International Chamber of Commerce国际商会仲裁院The London Court of International Arbitration1.The International Center for the Settlement of Investment DisputesINTERNATIONAL TRADESUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Decisions of SCMStrategic-long time,company strategy,guide supply chain policies from

14、a design perspectiveOperational-short time,day-to-day operations1.Effort should be efficient and effectiveSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Major decision areas in SCMLocationProduction(products,which plants to produce,allocation of suppliers to plants,plants to DCs,DCs to custom

15、er markets.Inventory,buffer against uncertaintyTransportation(distribution)1.There are both strategic and operational elements in each of these decision areasSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理SCM and TechnologyTo take the customer as the centerTo emphasize the core business and c

16、ompetition of the business enterpriseThe double that helps to make wins the principle mutuallyTo turn excellent the information1.Wireless and location technologies as well as FRID are most innovative technologies situated to transform the business of moving products around the globe.SUPPLY CHAIN MAN

17、AGEMENTSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Logistics management is that part of supply chain management that plans,implements,and controls the efficient,effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods,services and related information between the point of origin and the point of the consumption in

18、 order to meet customers requirementsLogistics ManagementSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Four features:Customer satisfaction as the most important goal.Focusing on the whole optimization of the companyCentering on information1.Emphasizing outcome as well as efficiencyLogistics ManagementSUPPLYCHAINAN

19、DLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Modern logistics is the combination of the flow of product,information,funds and laborers.Logistics management includes three main aspectsThe management of logistics activities such as transport and storage.The management of elements in the logistics system;i.e.laborers,funds,matte

20、r and information.1.The management of concrete functions in logistics including planning,quality,technology and finance.Logistics ManagementSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理The management of Elements in the Logistics SystemLaborers.Laborers are the most important element in logistics managementFund.Fu

21、nds act as the media of logistics serviceMatter.It refers to the objects that the logistics system works on,i.e.products and labor instruments and means such as logistics facilities,tools and expendable material.Information.Plan,forecast and dynamic intelligence compose the contents of information.L

22、ogistics ManagementSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Warehouse managementBasic components of a warehouseSpaceEquipment1.peopleWarehouse functionalityConsolidationBreak bulk and cross dockProcessing and postponementa.stockpilingSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Warehouse managementWMS directs the operation

23、s that feed components and raw materials to productionFunctional areaWMS characteristicsReceiving Basic receiving(Routines for processing unplanned inbound orders)-Conventional(operater/Lift truck)Advanced ship notice(ASNs)or Purchase order receiving -Conventional(Operator/lift truck)-Automatic(Scan

24、ners/Conveyors)Storage/putaway(上架）Dedicated,random or hybrid storage System or operator location selection Crossdocking Put confirmation via Radio TerminalSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Functional areaWMS characteristicsInventory Management Routine&Exception-Driven Cycle counting Rules-based stock r

25、otation(FIFO,LIFO)Order processing/picking Order Grouping&release Prioritization Order,wave or batch picking Pick confirmation via Radio terminalShipping Order Consolidation&Staging(阶段）Trailer Load Sequence Management Shipping Check Lists Manifests,Bills of LadingWarehouse managementSUPPLYCHAINANDLO

26、GISTICS供应链及物流管理Advanced WMS supportQC Sampling&Movement to inspectionInventory Relocation/ConsolidationForward Pick Area ReplenishmentTask interleaving(交叉，交错）Shelf Life MonitoringLot and serial number tracking(追溯性）Automated material handling equipment interfaceInventory quarantine,allocation,release

27、Carrier scheduling/yard management(停车场管理）Manifesting/freight rating subsystemsCompliance labelingLabor standards performance monitoringOrder planning&schedulingKitting(备件上线，备货）/Pick&PackOrder/shipment planning&schedulingWarehouse managementSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Trend in warehousing manageme

28、ntRFID-frequency identificationTransport management systemPick-to-light technologyVoice-activated receiving and packaging1.3PL providers try to cut costs and management issues by outsourcing their warehouse and distribution functions.Warehouse managementSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Types of invent

29、ory(stock)Everything you use to make your products,provide your services and to run your business is part of your inventory.Inventory controlItems Description remarksRaw materials and componentsReady to use in productionWork in processInventory of unfinished goodsFinished goods ready for saleconsuma

30、blesFor example,fuel and stationarySUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Keeping a little and no inventoryInventory controlAdvantages Disadvantages Efficient and flexibleMeeting inventory needs can become complicated and expensiveLower inventory and storage costsYou might run out of inventory if there is a

31、 hitch(故障）in the systemYou can keep up-to-date and develop new products without wasting inventoryYou might dependent on the efficiency of your suppliersSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Keeping lots of inventory also has both advantages and disadvantagesInventory controlAdvantages Disadvantages Easy to

32、 manageHigher inventory,storage and insurance costsLow manage costsCertain goods might perishYou never run outInventory may become obsolete before it is usedBuffer the uncertaintyYour capital is tied upSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Inventory levels depend on type of inventory.Inventory controlRaw m

33、aterials and componentsWork in processFinished goods ready for saleComsumables How reliable is the supply?Demand is certainReliability of supplyAre the components produced or delivered in batchesGoods are produced in batchesExpectations of price risesCan you predict demand?You are completing a large

34、r orderHow steady demand isIs the price steady?Discounts for buying in bulkAre there discounts if you buy in bulk?SUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Inventory control methods-decide what,when and how much to orderMinimum inventory level you identify a minimum inventory level,and re-order when inventory

35、reaches that level.This is known as Re-order Level(ROL)Inventory review-you have regular reviews of inventory.At every review you place an order to return inventory to a predetermined levelJust in Time(JIT)-There is a risk of running out of stock,and quality may have problem.Inventory controlSUPPLYC

36、HAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Re-order lead timeEconomic Order Quantity(EOQ)Batch ControlFirst in,first outChecking inventory-rolling(cycle)stocktaking-annual and mid-year stocktakingIncrease inventory turns增加库存周转Stock Turnover库存周转TOR=turnover rate周转率Inventory controlSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Invento

37、ry and pricing data integrating with accounting and invoicing systemsAutomatic inventory monitoring,triggering orders when the re-order level is reachedAutomatic batch control if you produce goods in batchesIdentifying the cheapest and fastest suppliersBar-coding systems which speed up processing an

38、d recording.Inventory controlInventory control systemSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Multiple prices for itemsPrices in different currenciesAutomatic updating,selecting groups of items to update,single-item updatingUsing more than one warehouseAbility to adapt to your changing needsQuality control an

39、d batch trackingIntegration with other packagesMultiple users at the same timeInventory controlSelecting a systemSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Inventory control administrationDelivery and supplier notes for incoming goodsPurchase orders,receipts and credit notesReturn notesRequisitions and issue no

40、tes for outgoing goodsInventory can tie up a large slice of your business capital.So accurate information about inventory levels and values is essential for your company accounting.Inventory controlSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Large,jet-powered airplanes require long run-way for takeoffs and landi

41、ngsAWB-Air Waybill,non-negotiable The AWB is issued usually in a set of twelve copies.Copies 1,2 and 3 of AWB are originals and have the same validity.Copy 1-Original for Carrier Copy 2-Original for Consignee Copy 3-Original for ShipperCOD-cash on delivery 货到付款In air freight,the exporter(the consign

42、or)often engages a freight forwarder or consolidator to handle the forwarding of goods.Air transportationSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Transshipment indicated in Air Waybill if the AWB indicates transshipment will or may take place,then the transshipment is allowed even if the L/C prohibits transsh

43、ipment,provided that the entire carriage is covered by one and the same air waybill.Split Shipment the split shipment means that portions of a shipment covered by one air waybill enter the country at different times.Air transportationSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Types of Air WaybillMaster and Hous

44、e Air WaybillClean versus Foul Air Waybill Foul Air waybill-unclean air waybill,dirty air waybill or claused air waybill is the opposite of the clean air waybill.COD-货到付款 house air waybill(HAWB)航空分提单Master air waybill(MAWB)航空主提单General cargo rates(GCR)普通货物费率Special cargo rates(SCR)特殊货物费率Class rate(C

45、R)分类费率International Air Transport Association;IATA国际航空运输协会Air transportationSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Chargeable weight weight of some light things depends on the volume.Volume/6000 or 5000(depends on the airline companies)=kg,forwarder will choose the heavier one to calculate the freight.Minim

46、um charge for any consignment no charge less than this minimum charge shall be paid to the carrier.Theoretically speaking,it represents the level below which it would be uneconomical to transport a consignment,taking into account the fixed costs involved in handling even a small package.Therefore,no

47、 chargeable weight needs to be indicated on an air waybill when the minimum charge is entered in the rate charge column.Air transportationSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Maritime transportationCargo refers to the goods carried aboard the ship for hire,while freight refers to the compensation the ship

48、 or charterer receives for carrying the cargo.Nowadays freight has more general meaning which refers to money paid to carrier or shipmentMaritime freight is conventionally considered in two categories,bulk cargo and break-bulk cargoTrump n.王牌，将牌 vt.出王牌Trump up捏造，编造Come up trump（出人意料地）令人满意，格外地慷慨大方或帮忙

49、=turn up trumpTake the moment and make it perfect 抓住当前，活在当下To be is to do.活着就是奋斗SUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理Maritime transportationDeadweight,maritime traffic is commonly measured in deadweight tons(dwt),which refers to the amount of cargo that can be loaded on an empty ship,without exceeding its operational design limits.This limit is often identified as a loadline,which is the maximal draft of the shipSlot,bay,tier 列，行，层Pool vessel on the main commercial route,在主要路径上拼车Trade-off 交换，协定，交易，平衡Mitigate 减轻Conversely 相反地Copycat 盲目模仿者，无主见的人2022-12-27SUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理