最新-动词的时态和语态课件.ppt

1、动词的时态和语态2020-2-18Contents 动词的时态 易混时态辨析 动词的语态一、动词的时态 时态时态：动作发生的动作发生的_和所处的和所处的_ 语态：主语和谓语之间的关系语态：主语和谓语之间的关系时间时间状态状态过去过去现在现在过去将来过去将来将来将来完成进行完成进行进行进行完成完成一般一般16111.一般式时间时间 谓语结构谓语结构时间状语时间状语例句例句主动被动现在现在过去过去将来将来过去过去将来将来do/does/be(am/is/are)am/is/are+doneevery,often,usually,always1.I have class at 8 everyday.

2、2.The sun rises in the east.didwas/werewas/were+doneyesterday,last week1.I had class at 8 last Friday.2.He said the sun rises in the east yesterday.will do/be be going to be donewill be donebe going to dotomorrownext Fridayin the future1.My teacher told me that I would have class at 8 on Tuesday.1.I

3、 will have class at 8 tomorrow.would do/bewas/were going to dowould be done was/were going to be donebe to do be about to dowas/were about to do was/were to do2.I thought it was going to rain.2.The speaking contest is to be held next Friday.donedid动词的基本形式的变化形式形式变化规则变化规则构成方法构成方法例词例词原型原型现在时现在时第三人第三人称单

4、数称单数过去式、过去式、过去分过去分词规则词规则变化变化see,finish,teach,touch一般情况一般情况以以ch,sh,s,x结尾结尾以以o结尾结尾以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾结尾+s+es+es变变y为为i，+es looklooks,write-writes teach-teaches,fix-fixes go-goes,do-does cry-cries,fly-flies一般情况一般情况以不发音以不发音e结尾结尾辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾结尾+ed+d双写最后双写最后辅音字母辅音字母+ed变变y为为i,+ed stay-

5、stayed,shock-shocked stopstopped,admit-admitted decidedecided,hope-hopedtrytried,carry-carried 常用不规则动词原型原型过去式过去式过去过去分词分词现在现在分词分词holdwrite tellspeak seesaybeginheldheldholdingwrotewrittenwritingtoldtoldtellingspokespokenspeakingsawseensaidsaidsayingbeganbegunbeginning原型原型过去式过去式过去过去分词分词现在现在分词分词catchte

6、achleavemakestickstrikeflycaughtcaughtcatchingtaughttaughtteachingleftleftleavingmade mademakingstuck stuckstickingstruckstruckstrikingflewflownflying A college is typically a four-year school that _(offer)undergraduate degrees.Shennong once tried 74 different kinds of poisonous plants in a day and

7、he _(lie)on the ground,barely alive.Children younger than 12_()only to play the game for a maximum of one hour a day,and after 9 pm,they would be banned from logging on,said Tencent.offerslaywould be allowed As it is known to all,the Great Wall is the most famous places of interest in China.Everybod

8、y wants to go there,but I am no exception.Then,this summer vacation,the day I have been looking forward to coming at last.I got up very early that day and set off with my brother Tim followed behind.(6)In the past two years,study occupied most of my time.camehadplaceandfollowing has occupied 写作假如你是李

9、华，你的英国笔友Peter来信询问中国70周年国庆的庆祝活动，请你给他回一封信，内容包括：1.学校组织合唱比赛；2.电视观看阅兵（the military parade）。翻译以下句子：1.为了表达对祖国的热爱，我们学校举办了合唱比赛。2.每个班级都被要求选择一首关于爱国的歌曲来参加比赛。3.绝大部分中国人都在电视上或网络上观看了阅兵的直播。1.In order to show our love for our motherland,my school held a singing competition.2.Every class was required to choose a song

10、about loving our motherland to compete against each other.3.Most people in China watched the live broadcast of the parade on TV or on the Internet.2.进行式 某一时刻、阶段正在进行的动作或状态时间时间 谓语结构谓语结构时间状语时间状语例句例句主动主动被动被动现在现在过去过去将来将来 am/is/are doing am/is/are being donenow、at this momentall the timethese days1.Im wri

11、ting to invite you2.A letter is being written by me.was/were doingwas/were being done at 8 yesterday1.I was having class at 8 yesterday.2.Homework was being done by Tom while you were sleeping.will be doing at 8 tomorrow at this time next week1.I will be having English class at 8 tomorrow.2.You will

12、 be enjoying your college life at this time next year.形式形式变化规则变化规则构成方法构成方法例词例词现在现在分词分词动词的基本形式的变化一般情况一般情况以不发音以不发音e结尾结尾辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节+ing去去e,+ing双写最后双写最后辅音字母辅音字母+ingthinkthinking,read-reading writewriting,make-making runrunning,cut-cutting 感觉类：感觉类：look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear 情感类：情感类：l

13、ike,love,prefer,admire(钦佩钦佩),hate,fear,adore 心态类：心态类：wish,hope,want,need,believe,understand,remember,forget,agree,know 状态类：状态类：appear,lie(位于位于),remain,belong to,have(有有)1.有些动词不用于进行体有些动词不用于进行体2.某些动词的现在进行时表将来时某些动词的现在进行时表将来时 表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作 1.Im dying.2.Im leaving for Beijing next mo

14、nth.3.The bus is coming.1.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six _(be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.2.There _(be)sixty-six unprovoked(无端的)shark bite incidents around the world in 2018.3.Traditionally,shark fin soup _(believe)to have health b

15、enefits and is quiet special in China.arewereis believed4.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _(start)a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.5.The students h

16、ave been working hard on their lessons and their efforts_(award)with success in the end.6.When we are in the Grand Canyon,we lost contact with our guide but everyone was worried.startedwill be awardedwereand Most of us hold the view _1_ the worlds oldest color is black or dark grey.However,scientist

17、s have discovered that bright pink is the oldest known color.They look at 1.1 billion-year-old rocks deep beneath the Sahara Desert._2_(make)powder from the rocks,then they found a bright pink color.Dr Nur Gueneli_3_came from the Australian National University led the research.She said it _4_(produc

18、e)by ancient organisms(有机体)that lived in the old ocean.At that time,tiny organisms were_5_ largest life forms on the earth.thatHaving madewho was producedthe3.完成式时间时间用法用法 谓语结构谓语结构时间状语时间状语例句例句主动主动被动被动现在现在 过去过去将来将来1.过去一段过去一段时间之内发时间之内发生的动作生的动作2.过去发生过去发生的事对现在的事对现在有影响。有影响。have/has done have/has been done

19、already、since、so far、just、yet、recently、in the past years、for+一一段时间段时间1.In the past few years,great changes have taken place in my hometown.2.Things have changed since I came here.1.过去的某过去的某一时间点之一时间点之前已经完成前已经完成的动作，即的动作，即过去的过去过去的过去 had donehad been done before/by/until/by the end of+过去的时间过去的时间1.She ha

20、d picked up some Chinese before she came to China.2.She said that they had hidden for 25 years.2.表表“本打算本打算”3.I had intended/hoped/meant to give up.到将来某一到将来某一时间某一动时间某一动作之前将会作之前将会完成完成 will have done will have been doneby+将来的将来的某个时间某个时间By this time of next year,all of you will have become college stude

21、nts.常使用完成体的结构常使用完成体的结构 This/It/That is the first/time that sb.have/has done This/It/That was the first/time that sb.had done It/This is/was the+最高级最高级+名词名词+(that)定语从句，从句时定语从句，从句时态用完成时态用完成时 例：例：This is the best movie that I have ever watched.It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since sb.did It was/had been+一段时间一段

22、时间+since sb.had done 例：例：It is/has been about ten years since I watched horrible movie last time.Hardly.when/No soonerthan(一一就就)结构中，主句用结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时过去完成时，从句用一般过去时 例：例：No sooner had I got home than the rain poured down.4.完成进行式 现在完成进行时 They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_ by 2022 fo

23、r the Beijing Winter Olympics.A.will installB.will have been installed C.are installedD.have been installed用法用法 谓语结构谓语结构时间状语时间状语例句例句 动作发生在过动作发生在过去，持续到现去，持续到现在且现在还在在且现在还在进行进行 have/has been doingfor+一段时间一段时间 since1.We have been learning English for about ten years.2.We have been excavating layers of a

24、sh almost six meters thick.B 1.I dont see any reason to give up work.I love 1.I dont see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I friends I _(make)over the years.(make)over the years.2.Our hosts shared many

25、of their experiences 2.Our hosts shared many of their experiences andand_(recommend)wonderful places(recommend)wonderful places to eatto eat，shop,and visit.For breakfast,we were shop,and visit.For breakfast,we were able to eat papaya(able to eat papaya(木瓜木瓜)and other fruits from their)and other frui

26、ts from their trees in the backyard.trees in the backyard.have made recommended 3.Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-3.Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother,forwe _(develop)mailingeachother,forwe _(develop)more convenient electronic communication tools more convenient electronic communicat

27、ion tools bythen.bythen.will have developed 二、易混时态辨析 一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时和过去进行时 一般过去时与过去完成时 现在完成时和现在完成进行时 用法、时间状语、句意1.Musician along with his band members _ 1.Musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.ten performances in the last three months.A.gives A.givesB.has

28、given C.have givenB.has given C.have givenD.giveD.give2.A few months after he had arrived in China,Mr.Smith _ in 2.A few months after he had arrived in China,Mr.Smith _ in love with the people and culture there.love with the people and culture there.A.would fall B.had fallen A.would fall B.had falle

29、nC.has fallen D.fellC.has fallen D.fell3.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the 3.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.neighborhood when I visited her last year.A.is working A.is working B.was working B.was worki

30、ng C.has worked C.has worked D.had workedD.had workedB B D D B B 4.I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him 4.I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriageon his marriage，but I couldnt manage it.but I couldnt manage it.A.had hoped A.had hopedB.am hopingB.am hoping C.have hoped C.h

31、ave hoped D.would hopeD.would hope5.Amy,as well as her brothers,_ a warm 5.Amy,as well as her brothers,_ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.welcome when returning to the village last week.A.is given A.is given B.are given B.are given C.was given D.were givenC.was given D.were giv

32、en6.Hi,Im Peter.Are you new here?I havent seen you 6.Hi,Im Peter.Are you new here?I havent seen you around?around?Hello,Peter.Im Bob.I just _ on Monday.Hello,Peter.Im Bob.I just _ on Monday.A.start B.have started C.started D.had started A.start B.have started C.started D.had startedA A C C C C 7.Chi

33、nas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers 7.Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.in the past few years.A.are growing B.have grown A.are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grown C.will grow D.had grown8.A rescue worker risked his life

34、saving two tourists who _ in the 8.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.mountains for two days.A.are trapping B.have been trapped A.are trapping B.have been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped9.Iwassenttothe

35、villagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_9.Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_ inthepast two years._ inthepast two years.A.hadbeencarriedout B.would be carried out A.hadbeencarriedout B.would be carried out C.isbeingcarriedout D.has been carried out C.isbeingcarriedout D.has b

36、een carried outB B D D A A 10.I _down to London when I suddenly found that I 10.I _down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.was on the wrong road.A.was driving B.have driven C.would drive D.drove A.was driving B.have driven C.would drive D.drove11.In the 1950s in the USA,mos

37、t families had just one 11.In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones _ phone at home,and wireless phones _ yet.yet.A.havent invented B.havent been invented A.havent invented B.havent been invented C.hadnt invented D.hadnt been invented C.hadnt invented D.ha

38、dnt been invented12._ that company to see how they think of our 12._ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?product yesterday?Yes.They are happy with it.Yes.They are happy with it.A.Did you call A.Did you call B.Have you called B.Have you called C.Will you call C.Will you call D

39、.Were you calling D.Were you callingA A D D A A 13.Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?13.Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new The new Star WarsStar Wars.We _ here for more.We _ here for more than two hours.than two hours.A.waited B.wait A.waited B.wait C.would be waiting D.have b

40、een waiting C.would be waiting D.have been waiting14.I _ half of the English novel,and Ill try to 14.I _ half of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.finish it at the weekend.A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will read A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will readD D B B 15.When w

41、alking down the street,I came across 15.When walking down the street,I came across David,who I _ for years.David,who I _ for years.A.didnt see B.havent seen A.didnt see B.havent seen C.hadnt seen D.wouldnt see C.hadnt seen D.wouldnt see16.Silk _ one of the primary goods traded 16.Silk _ one of the p

42、rimary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.A.had become B.was becoming A.had become B.was becoming C.has become D.is becoming C.has become D.is becomingC C A A 语态：主语和谓语之间的关系语态：主语和谓语之间的关系动词的语态有两种：动词的语态有两种：主动语态主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态和被动语态(the passiv

43、e voice)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：People speak English all over the world.全世界的人都在讲英语。全世界的人都在讲英语。(the active voice)English is spoken by people all over the world.(the passive voice)三、动词的语态一、被动语态的构成和基本用法一、被动语态的构成和基本用法1被动语态由被动语态由“be过去分词过去分词”构成，构成，be动动词有人称、数和时态的

44、变化。被动语态的构成词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：形式还有：get/become过去分词。各种时态过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：的被动语态形式如下：形式形式时间时间一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式现在现在am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been done过去过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来将来shall/will be doneshall/will have been done2被动语态的使用场合：被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出

45、动作的执行者时；不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时强调动作的承受者时；(3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰时动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰时.例：例：1.It is reported that a space station_(build)on the moon in years to come.2.The machine needs_(repair).3.The idea_(support)by those who wished to make much money.3.不及物动词及短语无被动语态：不及物动词及短语无被动语态：如：如：happen/occur/take

46、place/belong to/come upwill be builtto be repaired/repairing was supported二、主动表示被动意义二、主动表示被动意义1“系动词系动词feel,sound,taste,look,smell,appear,seem,turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep等形容词等形容词/名词名词”构成系表结构，构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。常常以主动形式表示被动意义。例：例：This kind of silk feels soft and sells well.2当当sell,read,cut,wash,wr

47、ite,open,wear,run,burn等不等不及物动词后带状语及物动词后带状语(well/easily等等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。例：例：This pen writes smoothly.1.On the last day of our week-long stay,we _(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.2.My washing machine _this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repairedwere invitedC 谢谢观看！2020