护理专业英语讲课课件.ppt

1、护理专业英语护理专业英语（优选）护理专业英语（优选）护理专业英语RequirementsRequirements Preview Practice Performance Rapture Review RepeatReferenceReference 护理英语护理英语人民卫生出版社人民卫生出版社 宋军主编宋军主编 护患情景会话护患情景会话100100例例 东南大学出版社东南大学出版社 李惠玲主编李惠玲主编 医学英语单词触类旁通医学英语单词触类旁通科学技术文献出版社科学技术文献出版社 周铁成周铁成编著编著 医学英语听与说医学英语听与说高等教育出版社高等教育出版社 王丽娟主编王丽娟主编 医学英语教

2、学短文阅读医学英语教学短文阅读上海外语出版社上海外语出版社 梁正溜主编梁正溜主编 Parkinson J,Brooker C.(2004).Everyday English for International Nurses.1st ed.Churchill Livinstone.5Unit 1Introduction to Medical Terms6Learning objectives*掌握：医学英语复数形式；医学英语单词的掌握：医学英语复数形式；医学英语单词的构成法构成法*熟悉：医学英语单词的发音基本规律熟悉：医学英语单词的发音基本规律*了解：医学英语的来源；医学英语的同义现了解：医学英

3、语的来源；医学英语的同义现象象Origin of Medical TermsNative WordsOld EnglishBorrowed WordsGreekLatinFrenchGermanItalianSpanishWord analysisur/o;urin/o 尿医学英语单词发音基本规则Enlargement of abdomen in older people middle-age spreadLymph/o/cyteSpirometer（肺活量计）Words ending in a,retain the a and add eWord analysisImmunity（免疫）To

4、ngue furred,furry,thickLegs bandy legged(bow),drumsticks,knock-kneed,peg leg,pinsWord analysisTo be in a delicate conditionWord analysisWord analysis医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则 开音节、重读开音节：读字母音开音节、重读开音节：读字母音 A rate date basin E renal penis I bite glycemia O nose diagnosis U nude student医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词

5、发音基本规则 重读闭音节、闭音节：读强弱音、弱音重读闭音节、闭音节：读强弱音、弱音 A rat gland thoracic E bet retina I bit biscuit O nod toxic U null stubborn医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则 重读音节确定重读音节确定1 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节、大部分重音在倒数第二音节Bacillus（杆菌）（杆菌）Appendicitis（阑尾炎）（阑尾炎）adenoma（腺瘤）（腺瘤）Splenoceratosis（脾硬化）（脾硬化）Transurethral（经尿道的）（经尿道的）streptoco cus（

6、链球菌）（链球菌）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则 重读音节确定重读音节确定1 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节、大部分重音在倒数第二音节两个元音一起算一个音节两个元音一起算一个音节Anemia（贫血）（贫血）Macrosomia（巨体）（巨体）Cholelithiasis（胆石病）（胆石病）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则 重读音节确定重读音节确定1 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节、大部分重音在倒数第二音节2 2、重音在倒数第一音节、重音在倒数第一音节-rrhea diarrhea(loose bowels)腹泻腹泻 menorrhea(period)月经月经 am

7、enorrhea 闭经闭经 rhinorrhea 鼻溢鼻溢医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则 重读音节确定重读音节确定1 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节、大部分重音在倒数第二音节2 2、重音在倒数第一音节、重音在倒数第一音节3 3、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音节、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音节1）-y 2）-oid3）-meter4）部分）部分-al结尾的词结尾的词5）部分）部分-ate结尾的词结尾的词医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则-y：学科、方法、性质 Physiology（生理学）Immunity（免疫）Disability（残疾）Maternity（母性、怀孕）

8、Gastrectomy（胃切除）Laparoscopy（腹腔镜）Bronchography（支气管造影）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则-oid 像、类、似、状 Albuminoid（白蛋白样的，类蛋白）Carotinoid（类胡萝卜素）Rheumatoid（类风湿的）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则-meter 计 Thermometer（体温计）Spirometer（肺活量计）Sphygmometer（脉搏计）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则 部分-al结尾的词 cerebral（大脑的）Professional（专业的）Esophageal

9、（食道的）Laryngeal（喉的）Pharyngeal（咽的）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则 部分-ate结尾的词 Permanganate（高锰酸盐）Reticulate（成网状）Aggregate（聚集）Aggravate（加重）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则 重读音节确定重读音节确定1 1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节、大部分重音在倒数第二音节2 2、重音在倒数第一音节、重音在倒数第一音节 -rrhea-rrhea3 3、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音节、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音节1）-y 2）-oid3）-meter4）部分）部分-al结尾的词结尾的词5

10、）部分）部分-ate结尾的词结尾的词-osis VS -sisHeart failure /bone growth /sleeping sicknessOsteoarthropathyI bit biscuit-scope gastroscope laparoscopeOld Englishchemotherapy (chemical+therapy)Colloquial EnglishErythrocatalysisDiagnose diagnosisBorrowed WordsBladder waterworksMast/o/carcinomaDermat/o derm/o 皮肤Collo

11、quial English20Formation of plurals Words ending in a,retain the a and add eWord analysisSingularPluralVertebraVertebraePleura pleurae21Formation of plurals Words ending in um,drop the um and add aWord analysisSingularPluralBacteriumbacteriaOvumova22Formation of plurals Words ending in us,drop the u

12、s and add iWord analysisSingularPluralBronchusbronchiBacillus bacilli23Formation of plurals Words ending in ex or ix,drop the ex or ix,and add icesSingularPluralApexApicesCortexCorticesVarixVaricesWord analysis24Formation of plurals Words ending in is,drop the is and add esWord analysisSingularPlura

13、lDiagnosisDiagnosesPsychosisPsychoses 25Formation of plurals Words ending in on,drop the on and add aWord analysisSingularPluralGangliongangliaPhenomenon PhenomenaSynonymous phenomenon of medical termsReferentLatin OriginGreek OriginbodyCorpusCorpuscle SomaSomatocyte fatAdip-Adipoid Lipo-Lipodystrop

14、hy jointArtic-Articulation Arthro-Arthrocele RedRub-Rubeosis Erythro-Erythrocatalysis SkinCutis-SubcutaneousDerma-EpidermisTongueLingua-LingualGlossa-Glossal 27Word-formation in Medical Terminology医学英语构词法医学英语构词法 Affixation 词缀法词缀法 Composition 合成法 Conversion 转类法 Blending 拼缀法 Backformation 逆成法 Clipping

15、 截短法 Acronyms 首字母缩略法28Affixation Prefixation Autograft isograft allograft xenograft Suffixation Immune immunity immunize immunization Combining vowelO I A RETROGASTRICRetr-o-gastr-ic(prefix-vowel-root-sufix)29Composition Compound word 合成词 Open compound Heart failure /bone growth /sleeping sickness H

16、yphenated compound High-resolution/fat-free/bottle-feed Solid compound Windpipe/sleepwalk/overweight Neoclassical compound 新古典主义合成词 Biocide/psychanalysis/biophysics 30Conversion I sent you an e-mail.I e-mailed you yesterday.Can I have your e-mail address in case I need to e-mail you.31Blending Part+

17、part genome (gene+chromosome)Whole+part breathalyzer (breath+analyzer)Part+whole Medicaid (medical+aid)medicare (medical+care)chemotherapy (chemical+therapy)32Backformation 动词由名词去掉词缀而来 Chain-smoke chain-smoker Automate automation Diagnose diagnosis Ovulate ovulation Psychoanalyze psychoanalysis 33Cl

18、ipping Exam examination Flu influenza Lab laboratory Polio poliomyelitis Psych psychology Ad advertisement34Acronyms CT(computerized tomography)/RBC(red blood cell)/ECG(electrocardiogram)TB(tuberculosis)/OD(overdose)/IV(intravenous)a.c.(ante cibum=before meal)p.c.(post cibum=after meal)b.i.d(bis in

19、die=twice a day)t.i.d(ter in die=three times a day)Electroencephalogrammast/o 乳房 乳腺Word analysisLearning objectivesEye optics,peepersO nose diagnosisBowels gutWord analysis医学英语单词发音基本规则Pathologist/PathologyShes 6 months gone.Prefixes usually indicate the location,time,number,or status.A churchyard co

20、ughWords ending in um,drop the um and add aEncephal/o 脑Homework Reading first part“Brief History of English Language”Translate“Early Modern English”(class 1)and“Late Modern English”(class 2),and submit within 2 weeks.36Unit 2Word AnalysisLearning objectives*掌握：常见的词根前缀、后缀和联接词掌握：常见的词根前缀、后缀和联接词*学会学会:根据

21、前缀、后缀、词根估测单词的意根据前缀、后缀、词根估测单词的意思思38Word analysis Hemat/o/logy Electr/o/cardi/o/gram Gastr/o/enter/o/logy Retro/gastr/ic Pre/nat/al39The three types of word part Word roots usually indicate the involved body part Suffixes usually indicate the procedure,condition,disorder,or disease.Prefixes usually in

22、dicate the location,time,number,or status.40Rules for using the combing vowel A combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel(a-e-i-o-u)A combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant.A combining vowel is always used when two or more roots words are joined.A prefi

23、x does not require a combining vowel.Retro/gastr/icHemat/o/logySub/hepat/icGastr/o/enter/o/logy41 Word roots Word roots Prefixes Prefixes Suffixes Suffixes Formation of plurals Formation of pluralsWord analysis42Word roots Adenoma Adenitis AdenologyWord analysisAden/o 腺体腺体43Word roots Biology Biopsy

24、 BiotherapyWord analysisBi/o 生物、生命；成双的生物、生命；成双的 Bicephalus Bicolor Bicycle44Word roots Carcinoma CarcinosarcomaWord analysisCarcin/o 癌，瘤癌，瘤45Word roots Cardiology Cardiovascular CardiomyopathyWord analysisCardi/o 心脏心脏46Word roots Cerebrum Cerebral Cerebritis Cerebrovascular accident Word analysisCer

25、ebr/o 大脑大脑47Word roots Cystoscope/cystoscopy Cystoma CystopyelonephritisWord analysisCyst/o 包囊，囊肿，膀胱包囊，囊肿，膀胱48Word roots Cytobiology Cytocide insecticideWord analysis ErythrocyteLeukocyteThrombocyteLymphocyteMonocyteCyt/o -cyte 细胞细胞49Word roots Dermatitis Dermal/Dermic Dermatosis/dermatopathyWord an

26、alysisDermat/o derm/o 皮肤皮肤50Word roots Electroencephalogram Encephalosis/encephalopathyWord analysisEncephal/o 脑脑51Word roots Gastroenterology GastritisWord analysisGastr/o 胃胃52Word roots Hematoma Hemoglobin Hematocyte HemogramWord analysisHemat/o Hem/o 血液血液53Word roots Hepatitis HepatocarcinomaWord

27、 analysisHepat/o 肝脏肝脏54Word roots Laryngitis Laryng/o/scopyWord analysisLaryng/o 喉喉55Word roots Lymph/o/cyte Lymph/aden/itisWord analysisLymph/o56Word roots Mast/o/carcinoma Mast/itis Word analysismast/o 乳房乳房 乳腺乳腺57Word roots Nephric Nephritis NephrectomyWord analysisNephr/o 肾脏肾脏Ren/oRenal58Word roo

28、ts Neurology Neural NeuralgiaWord analysisNeur/o 神经神经59Word roots Oncologist OncotomyWord analysisOnc/o 肿瘤，肿块肿瘤，肿块60Word roots Ophthalmic Ophthalmectomy OphthalmalgiaWord analysisOphthalm/o 眼睛眼睛61Word roots Osteoarthritis OsteoarthropathyWord analysisOste/o 骨骼骨骼62Word roots Pathologist/Pathology Pat

29、hologic PathoglycemiaWord analysisPath/o63Word roots Psychosis Psychology psychologistWord analysisPsych/o64Word roots Rhin/o/rrhagia Rhin/o/plasty Rhin/itisWord analysisRhin/o 鼻子鼻子65Word roots Hemat/uria Ur/emia Word analysisur/o;urin/o 尿尿66 Prefixes a-,an-,ab Anemia Abnormal Abacterial Anallergic

30、auto-Autopsy Autoimmune Autoantibody dia-Diagnosis DiameterWord analysis67 Prefixes dys-Dysentery Dysarthrosis endo-Endocrine Endomyocarditis exo-ExocrineWord analysis68 Prefixes hyper-Hyperglycemia Hypertension hypo-Hypodermic Hypoglycemia Hypotension pro-Prognosis Pronucleus ProerythrocyteWord ana

31、lysis69 Prefixes re-Reevaluate Reexamine retro-Retrogastric Retrocardiac sub-Subhepatic SubrectalWord analysis70 Prefixes trans-Transurethral Transdermal TransabdominalWord analysis71 Suffixes-al neural enteral-algia arthralgia neuralgia -cyte leukocyte erythrocyte-ectomy gastrectomy nephrectomy-emi

32、a leukemia hyperglycemiaWord analysis72 Suffixes-globin hemoglobin -gram hemogram arthrogram-ic gastric nephric dermic-ism hyperthyroidism feminism -itis gastroenteritis nephritis Word analysis73 Suffixes-logist neurologist endocrinologist-logy nephrology gynecology-oma hepatoma carcinoma-opsy biops

33、y autopsy-osis nephrosis gastrosisWord analysis74 Suffixes-scope gastroscope laparoscope-scopy laparoscopy arthroscopy-sis diagnosis prognosis-tomy neurotomy lapraotomyWord analysis75Can I have your e-mail address in case I need to e-mail you.Solid compound医学英语单词发音基本规则Business,motionsOnes period5）部分

34、-ate结尾的词Word analysisLaparoscopy（腹腔镜）Words ending in ex or ix,drop the ex or ix,and add ices1、大部分重音在倒数第二音节To do a big jobWords ending in on,drop the on and add a-globin hemoglobinpsychologistTo have a frog in the throat Suffixes -reviewing-ectomy VS -tomy-osis VS -sis-scope VS -scopyWord analysis767

35、7Expanding your knowledgeColloquial EnglishIdioms:parts of the bodyPhrasal verbsProfessional and General Nursing School78 Anus-back passage Bladder waterworks Bowels gut Brain headpiece,noodle,nut Breast bosom,chest,nipplesParts of the body79 Elbow funny bone Enlargement of abdomen in older people m

36、iddle-age spread Eye optics,peepers To be boss-eyed;to be cock-eyed To have a lazy eye80 Genitals down below,private parts,thing Head brain-box,brain-pan,skull Heart engine To have a dicky heart Lungs bellows,tubes To be short-winded81 Legs bandy legged(bow),drumsticks,knock-kneed,peg leg,pins To ha

37、ve a gammy leg To have ducks disease To be bad on ones pins Navel belly button82 Nose beacon;to be blocked up;stuffy Spine backbone Stomach abdomen,tummy To burp To have a gastric stomach To have a pain in ones guts83 Throat organ-pipe,windpipe A churchyard cough Phlegm To have a frog in the throat

38、To have a throat Tongue furred,furry,thick Urethra pipe,waterpipe84 Constipation To be bunged up To be costive I havent been for 4 days.Defaecate To do a big job To have the bowels opened To use a bedpanBody functions85两个元音一起算一个音节-ic gastric nephric dermicLymphocyteTo be costiveLab laboratoryDermato

39、sis/dermatopathyBorrowed Words-tomy neurotomy lapraotomyConstipationUrethra pipe,waterpipeWord analysisAnemia Abnormal Abacterial Anallergic开音节、重读开音节：读字母音-osis nephrosis gastrosisTo be in a delicate condition Die To be a goner To burn oneself out To pass away To lay out To pop off To go to the next

40、world86 Faint To back out To pass out Faeces,stools Business,motions Are your motions well formed?87 Menstruate Ones period The time of the month When was your last period?Have you seen anything?I havent seen for 6 weeks.88 Pregnant To be expecting To be having a baby To be in a delicate condition To fall for a baby Shes 6 months gone.89 Sleep To close ones eyes To have a catnap To nod off To have some shut-eye To have a doze90 Urinate(micturate)To pass water To spend a penny(women only)To wee-wee(childish)To hold out a baby To pot