第12章-IC工艺几种IC工艺流程-课件[1].ppt
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1、2020/10/281第五单元:集成技术简介第五单元:集成技术简介第十二章:几种第十二章:几种IC工艺流程工艺流程12.1.CMOS工艺工艺2020/10/282After studying the material in this chapter,you will be able to:Draw a diagram showing how a typical wafer flows in a sub-micron CMOS IC fab.画出典型的流程图画出典型的流程图Give an overview of the six major process areas and the sort/t
2、est area in the wafer fab.对对6种主要工艺的应用和测试有大概的认识种主要工艺的应用和测试有大概的认识For each of the 14 CMOS manufacturing steps,describe its primary purpose.描述描述CMOS工艺工艺14个步骤的主要目的个步骤的主要目的Discuss the key process and equipment used in each CMOS manufacturing step.1.能讨论每一步流程的关键工艺和设备能讨论每一步流程的关键工艺和设备 3精品资料2020/10/284Major Fa
3、brication Steps in MOS Process FlowOxidation(Field oxide)Silicon substrateSilicon dioxideoxygenPhotoresistDevelopoxidePhotoresistCoatingphotoresistMask-WaferAlignment and ExposureMaskUV lightExposed PhotoresistexposedphotoresistSDActive RegionsSDsilicon nitrideNitrideDepositionContact holesSDGContac
4、tEtchIon ImplantationDGScanning ion beamSMetal Deposition and EtchdrainSDGMetal contacts PolysiliconDepositionpolysiliconSilane gasDopant gasOxidation(Gate oxide)gate oxideoxygenPhotoresistStripoxideRF PowerIonized oxygen gasOxideEtchphotoresistoxideRF Power Ionized CF4 gasPolysiliconMask and EtchRF
5、 PowerIonized CCl4 gaspoly gateRF Power2020/10/285CMOS Process Flow Overview of Areas in a Wafer Fab Diffusion Photolithography Etch Ion Implant Thin Films Polish 2020/10/286Model of Typical Wafer Flow in a Sub-Micron CMOS IC FabTest/SortImplantDiffusionEtchPolishPhotoCompleted WaferUnpatterned Wafe
6、rWafer StartThin FilmsWafer Fabrication(front-end)2020/10/287Simplified Schematic of High-Temperature FurnaceGas flowcontrollerTemperaturecontrollerPressurecontrollerHeater 1Heater 2Heater 3ExhaustProcess gasQuartz tubeThree-zoneHeating ElementsTemperature-setting voltagesThermocouplemeasurements202
7、0/10/288Photolithography Bay in a Sub-micron Wafer Fab2020/10/289Load StationVapor PrimeSoft BakeCool PlateCool PlateHard BakeTransfer StationResist CoatDevelop-RinseEdge-Bead RemovalWafer Transfer SystemWafer CassettesWafer Stepper(Alignment/Exposure System)Simplified Schematic of a Photolithograph
8、y Processing Module2020/10/2810Simplified Schematic of Dry Plasma Etchere-e-R+Glow discharge(plasma)Gas distribution baffleHigh-frequency energyFlow of byproducts and process gasesAnode electrodeElectromagnetic fieldFree electronIon sheathChamber wallPositive ionEtchant gas entering gas inletRF coax
9、 cablePhotonWaferCathode electrodeRadical chemicalVacuum lineExhaust to vacuum pumpVacuum gaugee-2020/10/2811Simplified Schematic of Ion ImplanterIon sourceAnalyzing magnetAcceleration columnBeamline tubeIon beamPlasmaGraphiteProcess chamberScanning diskMass resolving slitHeavy ionsGas cabinetFilame
10、ntExtraction assemblyLighter ions2020/10/2812Thin Film Metallization Bay2020/10/2813Simplified Schematics of CVD Processing SystemCapacitive-coupled RF inputSusceptorHeat lamps WaferGas inletExhaustChemical vapor depositionProcess chamberCVD cluster tool2020/10/2814Polish Bay in a Sub-micron Wafer F
11、ab2020/10/2815Twin-well Implants双阱注入双阱注入Shallow Trench Isolation 浅槽隔离浅槽隔离Gate Structure多晶硅栅结构多晶硅栅结构Lightly Doped Drain Implants轻掺杂漏注入轻掺杂漏注入Sidewall Spacer侧墙形成侧墙形成 Source/Drain Implants源源/漏注入漏注入Contact Formation接触孔形成接触孔形成Passivation layerBonding pad metalp+Silicon substrateLI oxideSTIn-wellp-wellILD-
12、1ILD-2ILD-3ILD-4ILD-5M-1M-2M-3 M-4Poly gatep-Epitaxial layerp+ILD-6LI metalViap+p+n+n+n+2314567891011121314CMOS Manufacturing Steps 2020/10/2816Local Interconnect局部互连局部互连Interlayer Dielectric to Via-1通孔通孔1和金属塞和金属塞1的形成的形成First Metal Layer金属金属1互连互连Second ILD to Via-2通孔通孔2和金属塞和金属塞2的形成的形成Second Metal La
13、yer to Via-3金属金属2互连互连Metal-3 to Pad Etch金属金属3 压点形成压点形成Parametric Testing测试测试Passivation layerBonding pad metalp+Silicon substrateLI oxideSTIn-wellp-wellILD-1ILD-2ILD-3ILD-4ILD-5M-1M-2M-3 M-4Poly gatep-Epitaxial layerp+ILD-6LI metalViap+p+n+n+n+2314567891011121314CMOS Manufacturing Steps 2020/10/2817
14、n-well Formation 1-1312PhotoImplantDiffusion4PolishEtch5Thin Films5 um(Dia=200 mm,2 mm thick)PhotoresistPhosphorus implant312p+Silicon substratep-Epitaxial layerOxide5n-well41、外延、外延2、初始氧化:、初始氧化:1000 C干氧,干氧,150;保护外延层、介;保护外延层、介质屏蔽层、减少注入损伤、控制注入深度。质屏蔽层、减少注入损伤、控制注入深度。3、第一层掩膜:由光刻胶作为离子注入的掩膜、第一层掩膜:由光刻胶作为离子注
15、入的掩膜 4、n阱注入:阱注入:200KeV高能磷(高能磷(P)注入,结深)注入,结深1 m。5、退火:先进行氧等离子体去胶;退火的目的有裸露的、退火:先进行氧等离子体去胶;退火的目的有裸露的Si表面形成氧化阻挡层、再分布、杂质电激表面形成氧化阻挡层、再分布、杂质电激活、活、消除晶格损伤消除晶格损伤2020/10/2818p-well Formation 1-2Thin Films312PhotoImplantDiffusionPolishEtchp+Silicon substrateBoron implantPhotoresist1p-Epitaxial layerOxide3n-well2
16、p-well6、第二层掩膜:由光刻胶作为离子注入的掩蔽层;、第二层掩膜:由光刻胶作为离子注入的掩蔽层;检测检测。7、p阱注入:硼(阱注入:硼(B)注入(能量较磷注入时底),)注入(能量较磷注入时底),倒置阱倒置阱8、退火、退火2020/10/2819STI Trench EtchThin Films12PhotoPolishEtchImplantDiffusion34+IonsSelective etching opens isolation regions in the epi layer.p+Silicon substratep-Epitaxial layern-wellp-well3Ph
17、otoresist2Nitride41OxideSTI trench9、清洗、清洗10、1000 C干氧,干氧,150;保护外延层;保护外延层11、Si3N4膜淀积:膜淀积:750 C LPCVD NH3+SiH2Cl2;保护有源区;保护有源区;CMP的阻挡材料的阻挡材料12、第三层掩膜:、第三层掩膜:检测检测;由于特征尺寸减小,光刻难度增加。;由于特征尺寸减小,光刻难度增加。13、STI槽刻蚀:槽刻蚀:F基或基或Cl基等离子体刻蚀;检测台阶高度、特征尺基等离子体刻蚀;检测台阶高度、特征尺 寸、和腐蚀缺陷寸、和腐蚀缺陷2020/10/2820STI Oxide Fill12DiffusionP
18、olishEtchPhotoImplantThin Filmsp-wellTrench fill by chemical vapor deposition1Liner oxidep+Silicon substratep-Epitaxial layern-well2NitrideTrench CVD oxideOxide14、沟槽衬垫氧化:、沟槽衬垫氧化:1000 C干氧,干氧,150;15|、沟槽、沟槽CVD氧化物填充:可用高速淀积。氧化物填充:可用高速淀积。2020/10/2821STI FormationThin Films12DiffusionEtchPhotoImplantPolish
19、p-well12Planarization by chemical-mechanical polishingSTI oxide after polishLiner oxidep+Silicon substratep-Epitaxial layern-wellNitride strip16、沟槽氧化抛光(、沟槽氧化抛光(CMP):):17、氮化物去除:热磷酸、氮化物去除:热磷酸2020/10/2822Poly Gate Structure ProcessThin Films12DiffusionEtchPhotoImplantPolish34p+Silicon substrateGate oxi
20、de12p-Epitaxial layern-wellp-wellPolysilicon depositionPoly gate etch43Photoresist ARC18、去除氧化层:栅氧化前进行。、去除氧化层:栅氧化前进行。19、栅氧化层生长:完成后立即进行多晶硅淀积(、栅氧化层生长:完成后立即进行多晶硅淀积(5000)20、第四层掩膜:光刻多晶硅栅;深紫外光刻;加抗反射涂层、第四层掩膜:光刻多晶硅栅;深紫外光刻;加抗反射涂层ARC;检测。;检测。21、多晶硅栅刻蚀:先进的各向异性的等离子刻蚀机。、多晶硅栅刻蚀:先进的各向异性的等离子刻蚀机。2020/10/2823n-LDD Impl
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