高考英语阅读理解之七选五专题复习课件.ppt

1、Teaching aims:(教学目标教学目标)了解“七选五”的特点、掌握解这类题的技巧。利用“七选五”的特点及解题技巧解题。通过一定的练习，让学生培养出做这类题型的自信心。Step1:Leading-in(导入导入)试题模式试题模式：给出一篇缺少给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有个句子的文章，对应有7个选项，个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。句子，填入相应的空白处。考查重点：考查重点：主要考查学生对主要考查学生对文章的整体内容文章的整体内容和和结构结构以及以及上上下文逻辑意义下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）的

2、理解和掌握。（考试说明）选项特点：选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）主旨概括句（文章整体内容）过渡性句子（文章结构）过渡性句子（文章结构）注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）题型解读题型解读:高考大纲要求高考大纲要求练习中找门道练习中找门道 Whether youre flying to an island paradise or traveling for business,these packing tips will help you minimize time and maximize space.Start with the right-sized suitca

3、se 36 .But if you cant travel light,its best to choose a bag that can easily accommodate everything you need.Trying to force a full suitcase to shut is a waste of time and energy,especially since you may return with even more stuff,if you like to buy souvenirs.Lay everything out before starting Lay

4、everything youre taking out on the bed,so you can see exactly what you need to pack and spot any missing items promptly.37 .For folded items,putting layers of tissue between each item will cut down on wrinkles.38 .Begin by putting rolled items in a layer at the bottom of your suitcase.Cushion fragil

5、e items like perfume bottles in the middle.Plan to put items you need on arrival at the top end of the case.39 .Finish with a large top layer Lastly,lay a large item like a towel over the tops and tuck it in around the sides.40 .Its easier to close the zipper if you dont have items like belts or lac

6、es.A.Pack your suitcase in layersB.Then fold or roll each item of clothingC.Take a moment to assess your needs for this tripD.theyll be easy to find when you need themE.For a short trip,a small carry-on bag is idealF.Get everything ready before you start the actual packingG.This will stop items from

7、 sliding around during the journey 索索 36 .But if you cant travel light,its best to choose a bag that can easily accommodate everything you need.Trying to force a full suitcase to shut is a waste of time and energy,especially since you may return with even more stuff,if you like to buy souvenirs.E.Fo

8、r a short trip,a small carry-on bag is idealE“逻辑逻辑”转折关系转折关系解析：解析：36 空后的空后的 but 显示了前后句子是转折关系。显示了前后句子是转折关系。空后句子说的是空后句子说的是“不能轻装去旅行，最好挑选一个可以把需要的东西都装不能轻装去旅行，最好挑选一个可以把需要的东西都装下的包下的包”。我们不难猜出这个包是。我们不难猜出这个包是“大大”的。那么对应的设空句所描述的。那么对应的设空句所描述的包应该是个便于携带的的包应该是个便于携带的“小小”背包。背包。这样，前后两句话之间的逻辑关系帮助我们轻松找到答案。这样，前后两句话之间的逻辑关系

9、帮助我们轻松找到答案。词汇Lay everything out before startingLay everything youre taking out on the bed,so you can see exactly what you need to pack and spot any missing items promptly.37 .For folded items,putting layers of tissue between each item will cut down on wrinkles.B.Then fold or roll each item of clothi

10、ngB 索索 词汇词汇复现复现解析：解析：37 空前提到了出发旅行前把要带的东西（空前提到了出发旅行前把要带的东西（everything=items)拿出拿出放到床上，目的是确定需要带什么和发现遗漏的物品（放到床上，目的是确定需要带什么和发现遗漏的物品（items)。空后句子。空后句子说的是如何在行李箱里放需要折叠的物品。其中，说的是如何在行李箱里放需要折叠的物品。其中，folded 和和 items 与选项与选项B 中的中的fold 和和 item 明显是相同的词语重复出现，这就是提示词。明显是相同的词语重复出现，这就是提示词。那么设空的句子要描述的自然是把物品全拿出来，确定了以后如何装衣那

11、么设空的句子要描述的自然是把物品全拿出来，确定了以后如何装衣服这样的可折叠的物品了。服这样的可折叠的物品了。词汇38 .Begin by putting rolled items in a layer at the bottom of your suitcase.Cushion fragile items like perfume bottles in the middle.Plan to put items you need on arrival at the top end of the case.A.Pack your suitcase in layers A 索索 句式一致以以动原动原

12、开头的祈使开头的祈使句句解析：解析：38 空是小标题类的设空。它对整个段落有概括归纳的作用。因此空是小标题类的设空。它对整个段落有概括归纳的作用。因此它的内容由下文段落决定，它的格式依据全文的每个小标题的格式确定。它的内容由下文段落决定，它的格式依据全文的每个小标题的格式确定。全文共有全文共有 4 个段落标题。其它个段落标题。其它3个都是动词原形（个都是动词原形（start;lay 和和 finish)开头开头的祈使句。因此的祈使句。因此 38 空也应该是祈使句，答案在空也应该是祈使句，答案在 A.C 或者或者 F中。中。根据下文的根据下文的 putting at the bottom of/

13、in the middle/at the top of,我们知我们知道这是讲把物品分层装到行李箱里。因此答案为道这是讲把物品分层装到行李箱里。因此答案为A。Begin by putting rolled items in a layer at the bottom of your suitcase.Cushion fragile items like perfume bottles in the middle.Plan to put items you need on arrival at the top end of the case.39 .D.So theyll be easy to f

14、ind when you need them因果关系因果关系D 索索“逻辑逻辑”解析：解析：39 空是段尾的设空。它对整个段落有归纳总结的作用。因此，它的内空是段尾的设空。它对整个段落有归纳总结的作用。因此，它的内容与整个段落的内容或者与前一句的内容有关系。容与整个段落的内容或者与前一句的内容有关系。全段落前门分别讲述了物品如何分三层装在行李箱里。但靠近全段落前门分别讲述了物品如何分三层装在行李箱里。但靠近39空的前一句空的前一句有说的把到了目的地后有说的把到了目的地后“需要（需要（you need)的物品放在顶层的物品放在顶层”。那我们要问一。那我们要问一下了，为什么要这样放？前面讲述的是结

15、果（如何放），后面要说原因（容下了，为什么要这样放？前面讲述的是结果（如何放），后面要说原因（容易找到：易找到：easy to find）。这样前句和设空句之间是）。这样前句和设空句之间是因果关系因果关系。Finish with a large top layer Lastly,lay a large item like a towel over the tops and tuck it in around the sides.40 .Its easier to close the zipper if you dont have items like belts or laces.G.This

16、 will stop items from sliding around during the journeyG 索索 代词代词指代指代解析：解析：40 空是段中的设空。它对其前后句子有承上启下的作用。前面说了在空是段中的设空。它对其前后句子有承上启下的作用。前面说了在最上面放一块大的毛巾那样的东西，再把它塞到四周里，空后句子说了这样最上面放一块大的毛巾那样的东西，再把它塞到四周里，空后句子说了这样容易把拉链（容易把拉链（zipper)拉住。那么设空句还是要说放那块大毛巾再塞到四周的拉住。那么设空句还是要说放那块大毛巾再塞到四周的好处或作用。好处或作用。要发现这样做的好处，我们就必须注意句子里

17、面像要发现这样做的好处，我们就必须注意句子里面像“it”这样的代词的指代这样的代词的指代作用。选项作用。选项G中提到的中提到的“防止物品滚动防止物品滚动”就是上面说的放置物品的方法（就是上面说的放置物品的方法（this)带来的。带来的。1 1.词汇复现词汇复现 3.代词指代代词指代2.句式（句子结构）一致句式（句子结构）一致4.逻辑关系逻辑关系1)词汇复现法词汇复现法 词汇复现词汇复现是作者在文章上下文不同的位是作者在文章上下文不同的位置对置对同一个概念同一个概念进行进行重复重复描述，从而使得同描述，从而使得同样的意思（词汇）在文章中不同的地方重复样的意思（词汇）在文章中不同的地方重复出现，这

18、也是出现，这也是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段的一种写作手段。复现的形式主要是指主要。复现的形式主要是指主要是指（是指（1）同词同词（同源词）（同源词）复现、复现、（2）同同（近）（近）义词复现义词复现、（3）反义词复现反义词复现等。等。n例（例（1 1）Before you shake hands with somebody,make sure that your hands are clean.The handshake should not be too strong or weak.Most people use their right hands,

19、unless they have a reason to use the left._A.Youll be in serious trouble if you leave them with a bad impression.B.However,dont have your left hand in your pockets because this appears impolite.BDuring my first meeting,I presented and then opened the floor to questions.71 .My first reaction was to a

20、nswer defensively（防御性地）.B.Restate the question with respect.C.Some ideas can be quite concrete（具体的）.D.There were many difficult questions.D例例 3 We need to take time out from work to relax,and just be ourselves.36 We should all be allowed to leave our jobs behind us考查段中句。前文有考查段中句。前文有work,后文后文有有job E.

21、Life is not all about work,or at least it shouldnt be.技巧技巧1：掌握词语的复现（同义：掌握词语的复现（同义词）技巧，确定答案。词）技巧，确定答案。A.With it come many health problems.B.When you finally get home youll be greatly refreshed.C.I challenge each one of you to do the same.D.Draw up a detailed plan so you can see more.E.Life is not all

22、 about work,or at least it shouldnt be.F.And only you know how to vacation your way.G.For my next holiday,I will do all the things that I love doing.E例例 4 4Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?This is what motivation（动机，诱因）（动机，诱因）or

23、 the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin.36 Like the child on the diving board,you will stay undecided.技巧：运用技巧：运用 相同相同词语复现的办法确定答案。词语复现的办法确定答案。GA.This can affect your work.B.So how should you motivate yourself?C.However,this should not discourage you.D.So why

24、should we try to set specific goals?E.They can change according to circumstances.F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G.Without motivation,you can neither set a goal nor reach it.There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town,or changed our jobs or sc

25、hools.Such changes often leaves us without a friend 71.But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.D.Try not to find fault with your friends.E.Making new friends comes easy for some people.F.For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.EParents should help their childre

26、n understand money.71 so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things,candy or toys,for example.D.Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.E.Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.G.The best time to teach

27、a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.G2)句式（结构）一致句式（结构）一致 句式（结构）一致多用来解答段落标题句式（结构）一致多用来解答段落标题或者文中写作运用排比格式之类的题目或者文中写作运用排比格式之类的题目。我。我们可以通过观察整篇文章的结构，选择出需们可以通过观察整篇文章的结构，选择出需要的答案。要的答案。例（例（1）A birthday surprise Nathan woke up early and raced into the kitchen.He saw his family preparing

28、their breakfast just like every other day._ Where was his birthday cake?Did his family forget his special day?A.And there was nobody.B.Where were his birthday presents?B句子结构一致句子结构一致 Whether youre flying to an island paradise or traveling for business,these packing tips will help you minimize time an

29、d maximize space.Start with the right-sized suitcase 36 .But if you cant travel light,its best to choose a bag that can easily accommodate everything you need.Trying to force a full suitcase to shut is a waste of time and energy,especially since you may return with even more stuff,if you like to buy

30、 souvenirs.Lay everything out before starting Lay everything youre taking out on the bed,so you can see exactly what you need to pack and spot any missing items promptly.37 .For folded items,putting layers of tissue between each item will cut down on wrinkles.38 .Begin by putting rolled items in a l

31、ayer at the bottom of your suitcase.Cushion fragile items like perfume bottles in the middle.Plan to put items you need on arrival at the top end of the case.39 .Finish with a large top layer Lastly,lay a large item like a towel over the tops and tuck it in around the sides.40 .Its easier to close t

32、he zipper if you dont have items like belts or laces.A.Pack your suitcase in layersB.Then fold or roll each item of clothingC.Take a moment to assess your needs for this tripD.theyll be easy to find when you need themE.For a short trip,a small carry-on bag is idealF.Get everything ready before you s

33、tart the actual packingG.This will stop items from sliding around during the journey词汇38 .Begin by putting rolled items in a layer at the bottom of your suitcase.Cushion fragile items like perfume bottles in the middle.Plan to put items you need on arrival at the top end of the case.A.Pack your suit

34、case in layers A 首先考虑首先考虑 句式一致以动原开以动原开头的句子，头的句子，我们初步我们初步确定答案确定答案为为A、C或者或者F，又根据文又根据文中同词复中同词复现，确定现，确定答案。答案。3)代词的指代代词的指代 代词是文中应用最多的词汇，理解了代代词是文中应用最多的词汇，理解了代词在文章中的指代意思，能够帮助我们很好词在文章中的指代意思，能够帮助我们很好地选择所需答案。我们可以通过全面观察代地选择所需答案。我们可以通过全面观察代词在文中出现的位置，理解它的指代含义，词在文中出现的位置，理解它的指代含义，从而在所给选项中选出需要的答案。从而在所给选项中选出需要的答案。7

35、They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger,B.He said that laughter is much healthier than anger.A.Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.TheyA代词指代代词指代例（1）代词提示：代词提示：it:it:单数名词或整个句子；单数名词或整个句子；this:this:单数名词或句子；单数名词或句子；one:on

36、e:单数可数名词；单数可数名词；they/them:they/them:复数名词复数名词 Whether youre flying to an island paradise or traveling for business,these packing tips will help you minimize time and maximize space.Start with the right-sized suitcase 36 .But if you cant travel light,its best to choose a bag that can easily accommodat

37、e everything you need.Trying to force a full suitcase to shut is a waste of time and energy,especially since you may return with even more stuff,if you like to buy souvenirs.Lay everything out before starting Lay everything youre taking out on the bed,so you can see exactly what you need to pack and

38、 spot any missing items promptly.37 .For folded items,putting layers of tissue between each item will cut down on wrinkles.38 .Begin by putting rolled items in a layer at the bottom of your suitcase.Cushion fragile items like perfume bottles in the middle.Plan to put items you need on arrival at the

39、 top end of the case.39 .Finish with a large top layer Lastly,lay a large item like a towel over the tops and tuck it in around the sides.40 .Its easier to close the zipper if you dont have items like belts or laces.A.Pack your suitcase in layersB.Then fold or roll each item of clothingC.Take a mome

40、nt to assess your needs for this tripD.theyll be easy to find when you need themE.For a short trip,a small carry-on bag is idealF.Get everything ready before you start the actual packingG.This will stop items from sliding around during the journey Finish with a large top layer Lastly,lay a large ite

41、m like a towel over the tops and tuck it in around the sides.40 .Its easier to close the zipper if you dont have items like belts or laces.G.This will stop items from sliding around during the journeyG 例例2 2 代词代词指代指代例例 3 3There are times when your heart is not in your work.38 So,slow down and think

42、what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.技巧技巧1：代词指代：代词指代技巧技巧2：词语：词语复现复现A.This can affect your work.B.So how should you motivate yourself?C.However,this should not discourage you.D.So why should we try to set specific goals?E.They can change accordi

43、ng to circumstances.F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G.Without motivation,you can neither set a goal nor reach it.A Workplace stress is on the rise._37_ These include disease,depression and even death.考查段中句。后句出现了考查段中句。后句出现了代词代词These（指代可数名词复数）（指代可数名词复数），可知，可知前句讲了与前句讲了与disease、depre

44、ssion and death相关的主题，他们都属于相关的主题，他们都属于health problems。所以，我们要注意到选项A中的 many health problems.A.With it come many health problems.。技巧：代词指代技巧：代词指代(代词：it,this,that,they,these,those，或定冠词the)例例4 4A.With it come many health problems.B.When you finally get home youll be greatly refreshed.C.I challenge each one

45、 of you to do the same.D.Draw up a detailed plan so you can see more.E.Life is not all about work,or at least it shouldnt be.F.And only you know how to vacation your way.G.For my next holiday,I will do all the things that I love doing.选择A时同样应该关注it的指代4）把握）把握句句与与句句间间的逻辑关系的逻辑关系11.(2018全国全国卷卷)But good n

46、ews is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones.38 .Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows（抱枕）（抱枕）,mirrors and basketsMedium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,di

47、nner tables or bookshelvesThe large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors分分总总总总 分分 关关 系系解析：总体上看，文章的写作是按照解析：总体上看，文章的写作是按照总分关系总分关系来分布的。来分布的。前段末讲到关于你房间颜色只有三前段末讲到关于你房间颜色只有三种物品的选择：小物品、中物品、大物品。这种物品的选择：小物品、中物品、大物品。这是总，接下来三段每段讲一种，下文后两段讲是总，接下来三段每段讲一种，下文后两段讲了了“Medium color choice

48、s”和和“The large color decisions”，空缺的部分应是，空缺的部分应是“Small color choices”。故选。故选D。(它与上文是总分关系，它与上文是总分关系，与下文是并列与下文是并列)。D.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways12.(2018全国全国卷卷)Your productivity is improved.Exerc

49、ising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.37_ D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E.You can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.主题句主题句解析：解析：本段首句为主题句本段首句为主题句(总总)，它告诉我们：，它告诉我们：你的生产力得到提高。你的生产力得到提高。空前一句说到：锻炼使得你更加清醒，能够处理这一天你面前的任何

50、事。这空前一句说到：锻炼使得你更加清醒，能够处理这一天你面前的任何事。这是分。是分。空所在句子应该呼应主题句，继续说明锻炼能带来的好处。空所在句子应该呼应主题句，继续说明锻炼能带来的好处。因此，因此，E选项选项“在锻炼之后，你可以保持在锻炼之后，你可以保持410小时的头脑清醒小时的头脑清醒”代入空格，代入空格，就能使得前后语义连贯。就能使得前后语义连贯。这个时候，我们要问：什么使得我们的生产力（或者学习效率）提高？和后文的这个时候，我们要问：什么使得我们的生产力（或者学习效率）提高？和后文的exercise 联系起来，我们就容易想象得到：锻炼使我们的生产力提高。联系起来，我们就容易想象得到：锻