高考英语试题解题技巧课件.ppt

1、一.听力理解 1.理解对话的主旨、要义。2.获取事实性的具体信息如:时间、地点、数字、价格等。3.对对话发生的背景、地点，说话者 之间的关系等做出简单的判断。4.理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。v1.抓住题目的关键词v1)The line was busy;someone _ the phone.A.may be busy B.may have used C.must have been using D.must be usingv2)-Do you feel like _ in bed on Sundays?-Yes,but Im always too busy _ so.A.to lie;d

2、oing B.lie;doing C.lying;doing D.lying;to dov2.根据情景确定答案v 1)-Why didnt you ring me up?-I would have,but I your telephone number.A.have forgotten B.had lost C.forgot D.would have lostv 2)He _ sleeping pills,for he didnt wake up till lunch time.A.must have taken B.should have taken C.would have taken D

3、.had surely takenv3.理清句子结构v 1)Who would you rather _ the report instead of you?A.have write B.have to write C.write D.have writtenv 2)It was five oclock in the afternoon _ they arrived at the hotel.A.since B.before C.that D.when习惯用法型语法型词语型推断型v 1).1).细读首句细读首句,启示全文启示全文 由首句判断文章体裁,推测文章大意,揭示故事发生的人物时间、地点、

4、气氛等.v 2).2).通读全文，掌握大意通读全文，掌握大意 把短文从头到尾快速“跳读”一遍，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意 3 3）瞻前顾后，先易后难）瞻前顾后，先易后难,综合运用知识综合运用知识v 词汇 v 习惯用语v 语法 v 逻辑推理 4 4）复读全文，修改确定答案）复读全文，修改确定答案1.1.常见题型常见题型 事实询问题事实询问题 推理判断题推理判断题 数据推算题数据推算题 识图解意题识图解意题 主旨大意题主旨大意题 常识题常识题v1）事实询问题 此类题主要以此类题主要以 what,who,which,when,where,how,why等词引导问句，等词引导问句，就文中某句、某段或某

5、一具体细节和事就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节和事 实进行提问。实进行提问。：v .弄懂题目和每个选项含义，顺弄懂题目和每个选项含义，顺藤摸瓜。藤摸瓜。v .按题目要求寻找与之相关的细按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。有些题只要节，正确估计答案来源。有些题只要抓住文章某处信息抓住文章某处信息,即可解题即可解题;有些题有些题则需要综合文章多处信息则需要综合文章多处信息,并予以分并予以分析析,才能找到解题思路。才能找到解题思路。v2 2）推理判断题）推理判断题 此类题要求透过文章表面文字信息去此类题要求透过文章表面文字信息去 推测文章隐含的意义，对文章的情节发推测文章隐含的意义，对文章

6、的情节发 展，以及作者态度，意图等做出合乎逻展，以及作者态度，意图等做出合乎逻 辑的推理和判断。辑的推理和判断。v 常见的句式：常见的句式：We can infer from the passage that_.What can we conclude from the passage_?What is the writers attitude towards?：v a.抓住主题寻觅细节，进而逻辑推理。抓住主题寻觅细节，进而逻辑推理。v b.要抓住文章实质性的东西，对于暗含要抓住文章实质性的东西，对于暗含 在文中事件的因果关系，人物的行为在文中事件的因果关系，人物的行为 动机及作者未言明的倾向

7、、态度、意动机及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意 图、观点等进行合乎逻辑的推理、分图、观点等进行合乎逻辑的推理、分 析、和判断。析、和判断。v c.在推断作者态度、意图、或观点时，在推断作者态度、意图、或观点时，不要固守自己的习惯看法，要力求从不要固守自己的习惯看法，要力求从 作者的角度去思考。作者的角度去思考。3)3)数据推算题数据推算题 此类体要求考生就文章提供的数据与文中此类体要求考生就文章提供的数据与文中其他信息的关系做出简单计算和推断。其他信息的关系做出简单计算和推断。做题要领：做题要领：要抓住与数据有关的信息，并对这些信要抓住与数据有关的信息，并对这些信 息的含义有一个正确的理解。息的含

8、义有一个正确的理解。如果文中有较多数据信息，一定要弄清如果文中有较多数据信息，一定要弄清 它们之间的联系，分清有用信息和无用它们之间的联系，分清有用信息和无用 信息。信息。数据信息的意义往往不是孤立的，要正数据信息的意义往往不是孤立的，要正 确理解全文大意，还应抓住一些关键词确理解全文大意，还应抓住一些关键词 的意义。的意义。4 4）识图解意题）识图解意题 在此类题目中常可看到插图、图解在此类题目中常可看到插图、图解或地图。做题时要把文章和图示当作一或地图。做题时要把文章和图示当作一个整体。理解时要图文互相参照，互相个整体。理解时要图文互相参照，互相验证。若是地图，方位要明确，要正确验证。若是

9、地图，方位要明确，要正确理解文中方位介词的搭配意义。理解文中方位介词的搭配意义。v5）主旨大意题主旨大意题 此类题是检查学生对文章主题思想的领会此类题是检查学生对文章主题思想的领会 与理解。与理解。v 主题问题：主题问题：a.What is the main idea of this passage?b.What does the passage mainly discuss?c.The writer of the article wants to tell us that_.v 标题问题：标题问题：What is the best title of the article/passage?v

10、 找到找到主题句主题句是解题的关键。是解题的关键。6 6）常识题）常识题 此类题意在考查学生的非英语知此类题意在考查学生的非英语知识面，看学生对社会、文化、史地以及识面，看学生对社会、文化、史地以及一些科普常识的掌握程度。此类题与文一些科普常识的掌握程度。此类题与文章无直接关系，全凭自己的常识进行判章无直接关系，全凭自己的常识进行判断，做出选择。断，做出选择。五五.短文改错短文改错赵亚龙 1.常见类型常见类型1)必有1个是对的;2)多词1-2个;3)缺词1-2个;4)错词6个左右:名词1-2个；动词时态1个；非谓语动词1个；主谓一致；副词、形容词、代词、介词、冠词、连词。1）注意瞻前顾后。2）

11、注意破行句。3）不要见木不见林，注意整体把握时态。4）注意是否虚拟。5）注意是否事实。6）注意是否时间、空间变换。7）发散性思维，一词多义，一词多性,一错 多改。1）名词单复数，是否可数名词，注意前 后的修饰词或结构。2）动词的时态、语态、第三人称单、非 谓语动词形式、虚拟、逻辑关系。3）介词、副词搭配是否得当。4）形容词、副词的形式是否错用、结构 是否正确、修饰词是否恰当。5）代词的性、数、主宾格。6）数词是否正确，是基数词还是序数词。7）冠词。8）分清简单句、复合句和并列句。9）分清是何种复合句。10）句与句之间的逻辑关系。11）状语从句的连词、时态、虚拟语气。12）定语从句中的关系代词和

12、关系副词以 及主语与谓语一致关系。v NMET 2003(Spring)BeijingMany teachers worry about the effects of television on youngpeople.According to studies,any children spend more time 76._watching television than they spend in school.Because so 77._ much viewing,children may not be develop the habit of 78._read and the abi

13、lity to enjoy themselves.No one worries 79._much about the radio program young people listen to,80._although radios can be very noise.Teachers also wonder about 81._the effects of television commercials.On one year the 82._average child will see 25,000 television commercials,all 83._planned and writ

14、ten by grown-ups to make children to want 84._things that they dont real need.85._many/someof_reading_programs_noisy_Into_reallybe The main purpose of newspapers are to provide 76._ news.If you examine newspapers closely,you find 77._ that there are all sort of news:accidents,floods,fires,78._ wars,

15、sports,books,etc.The news cover everything 79._ that happens to people and their surroundings.Sometimes 80._ there are news items which are very interested.81._A news report is usual short,except when 82._ it is very important,but has a lot of information.It 83._ is also writing in short paragraphs.

16、The first paragraph 84._ is in the fact a summary of the news items.It gives all 85._ the necessary information,what,when,where,how,and why._iswill_sorts_covers_interesting_usually_and_writtentheNMET 2003 SpringIm the captain of our school team so 1._with my fellow players weve won sev-2._eral games

17、.There will an important game 3._ next month.But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he 4._wouldnt play basketball once more.His 5._parents asked him to spend in more time 6._preparing for the college entrance examina-tion.I feel sorry to him.But his parents 7._think go to col

18、lege is more important 8._than playing sports and college was the 9._only place for a smart boy like his son.10._So my friend had no choice.He wanted to make his parents happy._andbe_now_anyin_for_going_is_their 西安高级中学西安高级中学 赵亚龙解题思路:明确体裁,选定格式;确定要点(四个主要点,四个次要点)及中心人称。使用变通手段(化整为零,化繁为简)正确书写标点、大小写，卷面整洁，把

19、握好长度。叙述的顺序 总体-具体 时间顺序 1.文章的组织 各句的逻辑关系 过度词的正确使用 格式的规范 动宾结构 系表结构 主动语态 2.句子的结构 被动语态 简单句、并列句为主，复合句为辅（状语从句、定语从句)英语思维 (符合英美习惯)3.意义的表达 用词准确变通技巧 化难为易 化繁为简 词性 动词五种形式 谓 语 4.词形的正确 非谓语 名词单复数 形容词、副词比较等级如何写好句子n1.熟悉并掌握构成完整句子的基本框架结构。1）主谓要一致；2）正确使用动词的时态和语态 3）名词的格与代词的一致；4）句子结构成份要完整，特别不要漏掉或 添加成份。n2.力求正确使用词语，即使用现成英语句型。

20、n3.一个句子一个重心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑。书面表达常用句型书面表达常用句型v一 系表结构 七 感叹句结构v二 主谓结构 八.疑问句结构v三 主谓宾结构 九 否定式结构v四 双宾语结构 十.并列句结构v五 复合宾语结构 十一.复合句结构v六 祈使句结构 十二.强调句结构 一 系表结构 主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语Notes 1.常用的系动词有:1).静态(表性质、特征、状态)：be seem remain appear 2).动态(表变化):become go turn get grow 3).感官(表示感觉):look sound taste feel smell2.可以用做表语的有:1

21、)名词 2)名词性物主代词 3)不定代词 4)人称代词 5)形容词 6)数词 7)副词 8)动词不定式(短语)9)动名词(短语)10)现在分词(短语)11)过去分词(短语)12)介词短语 13)从句ve.g.1)Smith was the boss of a garage.2)Is this pen yours?3)This is something you should always keep in mind.4)It is she who is singing next door.5)All the walls are white6)My son will be fourteen next

22、 year.7)Class is over.8)His wish is to become a scientist.9)Her favorite sport in summer is swimming.10)The news was exciting.11)They were not discouraged.12)We are all against the proposal.13)He is no longer what he used to be.v3.常用句型:1)It+be+n.+to do 2)It+be+adj.+to do 3)It+be+n.+for/of sb.+to do

23、4)It+be+n.+doing 5)It+be+adj.+doing 6)It+be+n.+clause 7)It+be+adj.+clause 8)There+be+S.ve.g.1)It is a pity to hear that.2)It is not easy to master a foreign language.3)It is a big mistake for her to have bought the clothes.4)It was hard for him to support such a big family.5)It is no use going there

24、 today.6)Its useless keeping books without reading them.7)Its a pity that she is out.8)It is true that he has passed the examination.9)She looks happy today.10)The little girl felt shy.11)Its getting dark.12)There will be a new play at the theatre tomorrow.v Notes:v1.谓语动词之后有时可以不带任何成分。v2.状语可以是名词、副词、介

25、词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、从句等。3常见句型：1)S.+vi.2)S.+vi.+n.3)S.+vi.+adv.4)S.+vi.+prep.ph.5)S.+vi.+to dov6)S.+vi.+doingv7)S.+vi.+for sb./sth.to do sth.v8)It+seem/appear+adj./n.+to do happen v9)It+seem +clause appear 10)There+vi.+S.ve.g.1)The sun has risen.2)They worked day and night.3)They all went out.4)She came i

26、nto the library.5)He got up early to catch the first bus.6)She stood smiling at me.7)It seemed impossible to solve the problem.8)She waited for her husband to come back.9)It happened that they were out when we called on them that evening.10)It seems that the boy has realized the importance of learni

27、ng a foreign language.11)Long,long ago there lived a king.三主谓宾结构 主语主语+（及物动词）谓语（及物动词）谓语+宾语宾语Notes:1.vi.+prep.=vt.2.可以做宾语的有：名词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词，从句等.常见句型：1)S.+vt.+n.2)S.+vt.+pron.3)S.+vt.+num.4)S.+vt.+adv.+n./pron.5)S.+vt.+to do6)S.+vt.+whether/wh+to do 7)S.+vt.+doing 8)S.+vt.+object clause 9)S.+vt.+obj

28、ect+prep.ph.10)S.+vt.+it+prep.ph.+that clause11)S.+vt.+object+to do12)It+vt.+object+to do13)S.+vt.+it+adj./n.(+for sb.)+to doe.g.1)She is watering the flowers.2)He loves her very much.3)Who are you going to take these three?4)She couldnt keep back her tears.=She couldnt keep her tears back.5)She dec

29、ided to give it up.6)He tried to do a good deed each day.7)She hardly knows how to write a composition.8)I wondered whether to stay or to leave.9)I remember seeing her somewhere before.10)I hear(that)she has come back.11)I agree to what he has said.12)He didnt know whose side he should take.13)We sp

30、end a lot of money on books.14)He explained it to his students that he was ill that day.15)He entered the room to look for his pencil-box.16)It took more than ten years to build the houses.17)I think it necessary(for him)to learn a foreign language.Notes:1.不是所有的及物动词之后都可由双宾语。可用于此句型的动词有以下三类：1).give te

31、ll teach write bring lend hand show send offer pay pass allow 2)buy do get fetch save make sing choose 3)ask answer2.1）=vt.+D.O.+to+I.O.2）=vt.+D.O.+for+I.O.3）vt.+D.O.1+D.O.23常用句型常用句型：1)S.+vt.+D.O.+I.O.2)S.+vt.+D.O.+to/for+I.O.3)S.+vt.+I.O.+clause 4)It take+O.(n./pron.)+n./pron.+to do 5)Sth.+cost+sb.

32、+n.e.g.1)He gave me some beautiful pictures.2)He handed the purse to the teacher.3)Would you fetch some water for the children?v4)She told the students (that)the old man was her father.v5)Well show you whose order it is.v6)It took him quite some time to find the elephant at all.v7)The new bike cost

33、him 300 yuan.vNotes:v1复合宾语是指“宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语和其补足语之间存在着逻辑上的 主谓关系。v2可作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定时，现在 分词，过去分词。3常见句型：1)S.+vt.+n./pron.+n.pain get beat find 2)S.+vt.drive+n./pron.+adj.wish prove leave make feel hear listen to make let 7)S.+vt.see +object+do look at watch notice observe 8)S.+vt.+object+doin

34、g feel find 3)S.+vt.make+it+n./adj.+for/of sb.to do/doing think consider 4)S.+vt.+adj./n.+that clause n.5)S.+vt.+pron.+to be+adj./n.clause 6)S.+vt.+object+to do 9)S.+vt.+object+done10)S.+vt.+object+W+to do 11)S.+vt.+object+adv.12)S.+vt.+sb./ones+doing 13)S.+vt.+object+prep.ph.e.g.1)We elected him mo

35、nitor of our class.2)The boy kicked the door open.3)I think it foolish of him to believe her.4)We thought it better for you to take the medicine in time.5)He had made it a rule never to cast his net more than three times a day.6)I consider it a pity that he has given up studying English.7)We found h

36、er to be mad.8)He wanted her to be a dancer.9)He believes what she said to be true.10)The doctor advised him to have an operation.11)The boss made the workers work long hours.12)We found the boy crying in the street.13)Have you ever heard this song sung in English?v14)The farmers showed us how to cu

37、t wheat.v15)Did you find them in?v16)Do you mind me/my closing the window?v17)They forced her into the room.v 1.Do+v 2.Be+predictive+v 3.Dont+do+v 4.Dont+be+predictivev 5.Let+object+do+.e.g.v 1)Come in,please.v 2)Pass her a piece of paper.v 3)Be a good boy.v 4)Be careful not to touch it.v 5)Dont rea

38、d in a moving bus.v 6)Dont be so silly.v 7)Lets have a rest.v 8)Let the boy in,please.1.What(+adj.)+n.+S.+v.!2.How+adj./adv.+S.+v.!3.How+S.+v.!4.How+adj.+a/an+n.+S.+v.!e.g.1)What a silly boy he is!2)What terrible weather we are having!3)How hard they are working!4)How wonderful to be invited to a pa

39、lace ball!1一般疑问句：v 1)Be+S.+predictive?v 2)Be+there+S.+?Havev 3)Has +S.+object+?Had Do Bev 4)Have+S.+do+?Will Shall Can May v 5)Must+S.+do+?Need Daree.g.1)Were they busy yesterday?2)Was there a pine tree beside the house?3)Have you(got)any red ink?4)Is she lying in bed?5)Did Tom go there with you?6)D

40、are you say it again?2.特殊疑问句 1）作主语的疑问词+陈述语序?(who;which;what)2）作定语修饰主语的疑问词+陈述语序？(what;which;whose;how many/much)定语 3）疑问词(作 表语)+一般疑问语序？状语e.g.v 1)Who came to school the earliest yesterday?v 2)Which book is yours?v 3)What are you doing?v 4)Where did you go yesterday?3选择疑问句：1）一般疑问句+or+另一供选择部分？2）一般疑问句+or+

41、not?3）特殊疑问句,+A or B?e.g.1)Do you like sports or music?2)Do you like sports or not?3)Which is bigger,the sun or the moon?4.反意疑问句：助动词 1）陈述句肯定结构,+系动词 的否定式+人称代词？情态动词 助动词 2）陈述句否定结构,+系动词 的肯定式+人称代词？情态动词 e.g.1)You are tired,arent you?2)You wouldnt leave for long,will you?1S.+be+not+predictive.e.g.He is not

42、an engineer.have no2.S.+has +not a +object.had not any e.g.I have no brother.v no3.There+be+not a +S.v not any e.g.There isnt a book on the table.4.S.+do/does/did+not+do e.g.He didnt come to school yesterday.5.S.+助动词+not+do e.g.1)He is not crying.2)I shall not ask him for help.6.S.+情态动词+not+do e.g.Y

43、ou neednt worry.to do7.not+doing +done e.g.1)Not knowing the truth,he scolded her.2)I regretted not attending the meeting.3)We said so not to flatter(奉承)him.all both 8.not+each 部分否定 every the whole 完全否定分别用：none,neither,nothing,nobody,no onee.g.1)All the answers are not correct.v 2)Everything doesnt

44、go well.v 3)She hasnt done the job completely.v 4)Nobody can work it out.v 5)None of the students is from Shanghai.9.由nor,neither构成否定承接句：v Neither/Nor+助/系/情态动词+S.vNote:如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类、时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定，则套用句型：It is/was the same with+S.v e.g.1)I dont like the film,nor does she.2)He has no time.Neither

45、have I.10.由hardly,seldom,rarely,never,little,few等构成的含否定意义的句子。ve.g.1)He hardly went out shopping.v 2)Few of them know science.1.由并列词或逗号、分号把两个或两个以上、具有逻辑关系的简单句连 接为一体，就构成了并列句。2.常用的并列连词有：and “和”or “否则”vbut “可是；但是”vfor “因为”vso “因此”veither or “不是就是”vneither nor “既不也不”vnot only but also “不但而且”3.常用的副词有：yet “

46、但是”however “然而”therefore “所以”Note:此类词前常有逗号或分号与前句分开。e.g.1)Hurry up!Its going to rain.v 2)He had to come back home;he wanted some money.v 3)Tears appeared in her eyes,but he didnt notice it.v 4)Spring came and the trees turned green.v 5)She must be ill,for she didnt come to school this morning.v 6)He

47、found nobody in the room,so he went away.v 7)He is old,yet he is still active in his work.v 8)The composition is all right;however there is room for improvement.v 9)He was very tired,and therefore he fell sound asleep.v10)We must hurry,or well be late.v11)Either he is wrong or you are wrong.v12)He d

48、oesnt know her,nor do I.v13)Not only was my mother angry,but my father also.1.主语从句结构：1）连接代词/副词+从句+主句谓语部分 =It+主句谓语部分+连接代词/副词+从句 (常用连词 that;whether;who;whom;whose;which;when;where;why;how)e.g.1)That we love peace is known to all.=It is known to all that we love peace.2)Whether we can solve the difficu

49、lty still remains a question.=It still remains a question whether we can solve the difficulty.3)Whose composition is better is hard to say.=It is hard to say whose composition is better.4)Where well spend the summer holidays has not been decided.=It hasnt been decided where well spend the summer hol

50、idays.2）What+主语和及物动词谓语+主句谓语部分 e.g.(1)What he said is not true.(2)What we are doing is for building socialism.v Whoever3）Whatever +主语从句+主句谓语部分 Whichever e.g.(1)Whoever wants to go may go at once.(2)Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.happened seems 4）It+is a pity +that-clause is said i