高考英语语法复习动词不定式优质课件.pptx

1、高考题对不定式的考查高考题对不定式的考查学习重点学习重点：1 1、不定式的句法功能；、不定式的句法功能；2 2、不定式的一般、完成、进行等形式的在考题中的具、不定式的一般、完成、进行等形式的在考题中的具体体现。体体现。一、不定式的一般式一、不定式的一般式 1、【NMET 95】We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met 二、不定式的完成式二、不定式的完成式 1不定式的完成式，即不定式的完成式，即“to have 过去分词过去分词”，表，表示动作在谓语

2、动作之前发生。示动作在谓语动作之前发生。Im glad to have seen you yesterday.【MET 93】Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer Ato have invented Binventing Cto invent Dhaving invented【NMET 99】Robert is said_ abroad，but I dont know what country he studied in Ato have studied Bto study Cto be studying Dt

3、o have been studying A2英语中一些表示希望、愿望的词，如英语中一些表示希望、愿望的词，如 would love，meant，hoped，expected，planned，wished，wanted,intended等词常与不定式的完成式连用，表示过等词常与不定式的完成式连用，表示过去曾希望过，但未曾实现。它们之所以未能实现，常可通去曾希望过，但未曾实现。它们之所以未能实现，常可通过后面过后面but连接的句子看出来。如：连接的句子看出来。如：【NMET 97】I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work e

4、xtra hours to finish a report Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone 3“情态动词不定式完成式情态动词不定式完成式”结构可以表示对已发生的结构可以表示对已发生的事情进行推测，或者表示对已发生的事情的事情进行推测，或者表示对已发生的事情的“责备责备”、“批评批评”，或做了不该做的事情。，或做了不该做的事情。Its six oclockShe must have gone homeThey shouldnt have left so soonYou neednt have told them thatThere was a l

5、ot of fun at yesterdays partyYou _ come，but why didnt you？【1999上海】A.must have Bshould Cneed have Dought to have There were already five people in the car，but they managed to take me as wellIt _ a comfortable journey【NMET 95】Acant be Bshouldnt beCmustnt have been Dcouldnt have been 三、不定式的进行式 不定式进行式（t

6、o be 现在分词）表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动作同时发生。如：They seemed to be eating something they had cooked on the fire（to be eating与seemed同时发生）We pretended to be working very hard when he came in（to be working与 pretended同时发生）四、不定式的被动式 不定式被动形式，即 to be done或 to have been done。如：She hated to be laughed atThe magazines are not

7、 allowed to be taken out of the reading-room 五、不定式的否定式 不定式的否定式是在不定式前加否定词not构成。如：He decided not to do it【NMET 96】The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation Ato eat not Beating not Cnot to eat Dnot eating【NMET 99】The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，_ it more difficult Anot

8、 make Bnot to make Cnot making Ddo not make 六、to代替整个不定式.在tell/want/hope/expect/like/would like/be able/have to/used to/ought to/be going to等后,但如果不定式是to be 或to have done 要把be 和have 保留.【NMET 95】The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him_ Anot to Bnot to do Cnot do it Ddo

9、not to 七、不带七、不带 to 的动词不定式的动词不定式【NMET 94】Rather than _ on a crowded bus，he always prefers _ a bicycle Aride；ride Briding；ride Cride；to ride Dto ride；riding 2在在“感觉感觉”（feel）“、二听、二听”（hear，listen to）、使役动词）、使役动词 let，make，have以及以及“四看四看”（see，look at，watch，notice）后跟不定式和宾补时，通常省）后跟不定式和宾补时，通常省略略 to。但变为被动结构时，不定式

10、符号。但变为被动结构时，不定式符号 to 要加上。要加上。【NMET 95】Paul doesnt have to be made _He always works hard Alearn Bto learn Clearned Dlearning 23.My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.（04高考北京卷）A.for me taking B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take 27The news reporters hurried to the a

11、irport,only_ the film stars had left.（04高考福建卷）Ato tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold32Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You _ her last week.（04高考福建卷）Aought to tell Bwould have told Cmust tell Dshould have told33.You were silly not _ your car.（04高考湖南卷）A.to lock B.to have locked C.locking D.having

12、 lockeddbdb1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk2.When and where to build the new power station_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he4.Our fath

13、er often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received6.I cant imagine_ with such a famous author.A.work B.to work C.to be working D.work

14、ingNon-infinitive 7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments?A.there B.it C.this D.that9.Im thirsty.Would you please give me something_.A.drunk B.to d

15、rink C.to be drunk D.for drinking10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never rive12.They knew her very well.They

16、 had seen her_up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow13.Believe it or not,he was seen_upstairs just now.A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go14.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A.to burn B.burn C.burning D.burned15.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _behind h

17、is back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied16.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice17._a reply,he decided to write a sixth letter.A.Not receiving B.Not to receive C.Not having receiv

18、ed D.Having not received18.Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking19.What do you think of the book?Oh,excellent.Its worth _a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read20.The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A

19、.cleaning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleanedInfinitive 动词不定式动词不定式1.His first book _ next month is based on a true story.A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being published2.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be study D.to h

20、ave been studying 3.The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A.Looked at B.to look at C.to looking at D.look at 真题再现4.David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.A.to be reported B.reporting C.to report D.having reported 5.It remains _w

21、hether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.A.seen B.to be seen C.seeing D.to see 真题再现知识梳理形式主动式被动式与谓语动作的关系一般式to doto be done动作发生在谓语动作之后进行式to be doing/与谓语动作同时发生完成式完成进行式to have doneto havebeen doingto have been done /动作发生在谓语动作之前动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到位于动作发生时动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态1.I opened the door to ent

22、er the room.2.Mr.Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.一般式一般式(to do)(to do).所表示的动作或状所表示的动作或状态态 与谓语动词同与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生，时或几乎同时发生，或之后发生。或之后发生。不定式的用法.进行式进行式(to be doing)1.I am very glad to be working with you.2.He is said to be studying abroad.不定式所表示的动不定式所表示的动作与谓语动作同时作与谓语动作同时进行。进行。动词不定式

23、的时态动词不定式的时态不定式的用法动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态.完成式（完成式（to have done)1.I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2.You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr.Smith.不定式动作发不定式动作发生在谓语动词生在谓语动词之前。之前。不定式的用法动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态(四四).完成进行式（完成进行式（to have being done)1.He is said to have been working there for more than t

24、wenty years.2.I am sorry to have been interrupting you.2.动作发生在谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直动作之前且一直持续到位于动作持续到位于动作发生时发生时不定式的用法动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.主动式主动式(to do/to be doing/to have done/to have been doing)1.We want to learn English well.2.He is the first student to have got the prize.3.We didnt expect you to be waiting

25、 for us here.4.She wished to have been reading as much as the others.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时动作的执行者时.不定式的使用动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.被动式被动式(to be done/to have been done)1.He didnt like to be laughed at.2.The chairman announced the meeting to be started.3.The news reporters hurried to the a

26、irports,only to be told the film star had left.4.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears to have been told everything.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时的动作的承受者时.不定式的用法和否定词连用We turned down the music in order not todisturb the neighbors.not to do1.妈妈让他不要花太多的时间玩电脑游戏。妈妈让他不要花太多的时间玩电脑游戏。

27、Mother told him not to spend too much time on PC games.2.他假装没看见我。他假装没看见我。She pretended not to see me.其他用法I want to visit an advanced worker.Robert is said to have studied abroad,but I dont know which country he studied in.He seems to be worrying about something.He is said to have been working there

28、for more than twenty years.Pick out the infinitives in the sentences.Pick out the infinitives in the sentences and tell their functions.1.He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in.2.It is of great help for us to learn English well.3.I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.

29、4.She listens to news every day so as to find out whats going on.5.The car to be bought is for his sisters.6.The important thing in life is to have a great aim,and the determination to attain it.(宾语）宾语）(主语）主语）(宾补）宾补）(状语）状语）(定语）定语）(表语）表语）不定式可作主、宾、表、定、状、补语。起名词，形容词不定式可作主、宾、表、定、状、补语。起名词，形容词和副词的作用。和副词的作用

30、。归归纳纳不定式不定式不定式在句中的作用 It is necessary to tell him the truth.To tell him the truth is necessary.练习1.再次见到你真高兴。再次见到你真高兴。Its good/a great pleasure to see you again.2.他们那样做是不明智的他们那样做是不明智的。It is unwise_.It is+n/adj.(for/of sb.)to doTo give up smoking is right.It is right to give up smoking.不定式的用法of them to

31、 do like that不定式在句中的作用 2.I need to attend the meeting.练习他们决定周末去野餐。They have _at the weekend.She wants to see the new movie.decide,/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help/afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten他拒绝借给我自行车。They _me his bi

32、ke.不定式的用法decided to have a picnicrefused to lendV+to do决心学会想希望决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装拒绝设法愿假装.学会答应选计划学会答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮同意请求帮一帮.注意：1.动词不定式作宾语时，也可用it做形式宾语。这样的动词有consider，think，believe，feel，make，find等.I find it difficult to speak English fluently.不定式的其他用法2.和疑问词连用It is useful to know how to drive.To know how to dri

33、ve is useful.你决定穿什么参加去参加面试了吗？你决定穿什么参加去参加面试了吗？Have you decided what to wear to the interview?没人告诉我在哪买票。没人告诉我在哪买票。Nobody told me where to buy the ticket.decide,discuss,explain,find out,learn,show,teach,tell,wonder whether/what/who/how/where/when to do3.3.动词不定式做介词动词不定式做介词but,except,besides,but,except,b

34、esides,thanthan等的宾语。等的宾语。但是，但是，在介词在介词but,except,besides,than 前若有实义动词前若有实义动词do时：时：What do you like to do besides swim?He could do nothing except/but wait.He did nothing else than laugh.I could hardly do less than lie in bed.I did no more than finish the work.难点突破He had no choice but to give in.It had

35、 no effect except to make him angry.不定式在句中的作用3.Have you got any questions to ask?I have no chair to sit on.练习布朗家有一所舒适的房子住。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.定语 Betty是第一个知道真相的人.Betty was the first to know the truth.不定式的用法修饰抽象名词如修饰抽象名词如：ability,answer,reply,chance,excuse,idea,moment,reason

36、,time,promise,attempt,way 等等+to do我没机会外出观光。I have no chance to go sightseeing.不定式作表语表示主语的“职业，职责或性质”等，从时间概念上来说含有将来意义。4.The best way to learn English is to make friends with a native speaker.练习我的目标是考入北大。她的梦想是当一名设计师。My goal is_.Her dream is _.不定式的用法to be admitted to Beijing Universityto become a design

37、er不定式在句中的作用5.I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.练习你可以让你姐姐帮你一下。You can ask your sister to help you.我总是劝他戒烟。I always advise him to give up smoking.advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,order,persuade,permit,prefer,tell,want,warn,wish,would like sb.to do 不定式的

38、用法注意注意有些动词后面的不定式有些动词后面的不定式不带不带to，如，如feel（一感）（一感）hear,listen to（二听）（二听）make,have,let（三让）（三让）see,watch,notice,observe（四看）（四看）.I heard them sing a pop song.The teacher made me answer the question.We watched them play football.不定式的用法1.-Can I have the document right now?-Of course.Wait a minute and Ill h

39、ave my secretary _ it for you.A.to print B.printing C.printed D.print2.We tried hard,and eventually,we were able to get Mike _ us his car for just a day.A.lending B.lend C.to lend D.lent Practice不定式在句中的作用练习我匆忙赶到汽车站，只是发现汽车刚刚离开。Hes gone to the office to ask questions.I hurried to the bus stop,only to

40、find the bus had just left.She listens to the news every day so as to find out what s going on.I was disappointed to hear the news.他去办公室问题了。不定式的用法To turn to the left,you could find a post office.不定式在一些特殊句型中的运用：不定式在一些特殊句型中的运用：tooto enough to It is adj.for sb.to It is adj.of sb.to Sb./Sth.is said/repo

41、rted to 难点突破动词不定式不带to的特殊情况：(1)在介词在介词but,except,besides,than 前若有实义动词前若有实义动词do时：时：What do you like to do besides swim?He could do nothing except/but wait.He did nothing else than laugh.I could hardly do less than lie in bed.I did no more than finish the work.难点突破(2)表示表示“只好只好,不得不不得不”的的but but 之后之后：(can

42、t/could not but,cant/could not help but,cant choose but)1)Its raining hard.I cant help but stay at home.2)We could not but face the reality.3)I cant choose but finish the work.动词不定式不带to的特殊情况：难点突破Homework1.我没想到玛丽会邀请我参加她的生日晚会。2.你能告诉我如何到机场吗？3.那个书架太高了，我够不到。4.你会参加今天下午的会议吗？5.我今天早晨五点起床以便不错过第一趟车。6.他不是一个容易相处

43、的人。7.你真好帮我复习英语。8.对不起让你久等了。Homework1.I didnt expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.2.Can you tell me how to get to the airport?3.The bookshelf is too high for me to reach.4.Are you going to attend the meeting to be held this afternoon?5.I got up at six oclock this morning in order not to mis

44、s the first bus.6.A person like him is difficult to deal with.7.Its very kind of you to help me with my English.8.Im sorry to have kept you waiting you for a long time.不定式的常用句型tooto enough to 2.This tea is too hot for me to drink.3.The bench isnt wide enough for 3 people to sit on.4.The fence was to

45、o high for us to climb over.5.The blanket isnt warm enough for me to use in winter.6.The cupboard was too heavy for James to move.It is adj.for sb.to 不定式的常用句型2.It is necessary for Mary to go to the doctor.3.It was disappointing for us to find the cinema closed.4.It was interesting for him to read th

46、e book.不定式的常用句型比较：It is adj.of sb.to1.Its very kind of you to help me.2.Its polite of her to say thank you.3.Its rude of him to get into the office without knocking the door.1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not ma

47、ke 2.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expectsPractice3.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented C.having invented4.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to

48、carry all the way home.A.much too heavy B.too much heavy C.heavy too much D.too heavy much5.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to6.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being ta

49、ken D.taking7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing8._late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep 9.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a har

50、d time.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled10.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live.A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing11.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many stat