医疗保险讲义课件培训课件.ppt
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1、医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险医疗保险 Health Insurancel医疗保险 Health Insurancel提供一种分散由疾病引起的财务风险的方式 Provide a way to diversify financial risks associated with illnessl医疗保险的需求理论 The theory of demand for health insurancel个人希望最大化其效用 An individual wishes to maximize his or her utilityl如果事件确定,每个人最大化其确定的效用 if there are c
2、ertain events,individual maximizes his or her certainty utilityl如果事件不确定,每个人最大化其期望效用 if there are uncertain events,individual maximizes his or her expected utility 2医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险医疗保险 Health Insurancel期望效用 Expected utilityl生病的概率生病时的财富所带来的效用健康的概率健康时的财富所带来的效用 =probability of illness utility of wealth wit
3、h illness+probability of healthy utility of wealth with healthyl例子,假设 Example,assumel约翰有$20,000 的年收入,年内没有储蓄和贷款 John has$20,000 annual income,no saving and borrowingl健康的概率95%,医疗支出为0,财富为$20,000 With 95%probability,he will be healthy.When he is healthy,his health care expenditure is 0 and his wealth is
4、$20,000l生病的概率5%,医疗支出$10,000,财富$10,000 with 5%probability,he will be sick.When he is sick,his health care expenditure is$10,000 and his wealth is reduced to$10,000.3医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险医疗保险 Health Insurancel两种可选的行动方案 Two alternative courses of actionl他可以购买保险,承担一个数目不大的保险费 He can purchase insurance and incur a
5、 small loss in the form of the insurance premiuml他也可以自我保险 He can self-insurel生病概率小,但是一旦生病损失很大 small possibility of a large loss if the illness occursl不生病的概率大,也没有医疗支出 large possibility that the medical loss will not occurl问题:哪种选择可以使他的效用最大化?Question:which choice provides him with a higher level of uti
6、lity4医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险医疗保险 Health Insurancel如果约翰购买医疗保险 If John would buy health insurancel保险费预期医疗保健支出 insurance premium=expected health care expenditurel=95%0+5%10,000l=500l他的财富 20,000-500=19500 His wealth=20,000-500=19500l他的确定效用 His certainty utility=l如果约翰不愿购买医保 If John wouldnt buy health insurancel他的财富
7、将是$20,000 或者$10,000 his wealth could be$20,000 or$10,000l他的预期效用 his expected utility=5医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险医疗保险 Health Insurancel约翰的偏好财富的效用 Johns preference-utility of wealthl 财富 效用 边际效用l 10,000 100l 12,000 130l 14,000 155l 16,000 168l 18,000 176l 19,500 178l 20,000 1806医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险医疗保险 Health Insurancel约翰的财
8、富的效用 Johns utility of wealthl如果他购买保险,其确定效用 if he would buy insurance,his certainty utility=lU(财富=19500)=178l如果他不愿购买保险,其期望效用 if he wouldnt buy insurance,his expected utility=l5%U(w=10,000)+95%U(w=20,000)l=5%100+95%180=176l约翰的确定效用大于期望效用 Johns certainty utility is greater than the expected utilityl如果购买
9、保险,情况将得到改善 He will be better off if he buys insurancel不确定性导致效用损失 uncertainty leads to a loss of utility7医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险医疗保险 Health Insurancel效用函数对购买保险行为的影响 The role of utility function in the purchase of insurancel线性效用函数,边际效用不变 Utility is linear function of wealth and marginal utility is constantl 财富 效
10、用 边际效用l 10,000 100l 12,000 120l 14,000 140l 16,000 160l 18,000 180l 19,500 195l 20,000 2008医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险医疗保险 Health Insurancel效用函数 Utility function lU=a Y,Y=财富lU=0.01Yl利用约翰的例子 use Johns examplel他的确定效用=l他的期望效用=l确定效用期望效用 His certainty utility=his expected utilityl他是风险中性的 he is risk neutral9医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险
11、医疗保险 Health InsuranceW1W2W3WUU1U2U3WW1W2W3MU10医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险医疗保险 Health Insurancel效用函数对购买保险行为的影响 The role of utility function in the purchase of insurancel效用函数是财富的增函数,边际效用递增 Utility is increasing function of wealth and marginal utility is increasingl 财富 效用 边际效用l 10,000 100l 12,000 130l 14,000 165l 16,
12、000 205l 18,000 250l 19,500 280l 20,000 30011医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险医疗保险 Health Insurancel效用函数 Utility function lU=a Yb,Y=财富,b 1lU=0.01Ybl利用约翰的例子 use Johns examplel他的确定效用=l他的期望效用=l确定效用期望效用 His certainty utility his expected utilityl他是风险偏好者 he is risk loverl他不愿购买保险 he will not buy insurance12医疗保险讲义课件医疗保险医疗保险 He
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