高中高考英语写作新题型：概要写作专项练习24篇（含范文及解析）.doc

1、1 高中英语高中英语新题型新题型内容概要内容概要写作专项练习写作专项练习 24 篇（含范文及解析）篇（含范文及解析） （一） 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。 According to most people, after a long period of studying or working, we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves. However, that may not be the case. According to a recent report, you dont need the break as mu

2、ch as you may think that makes you feel less tired. Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and then get back to task when you are feeling better. They argue that the only way it restores willpower is by rest, foo

3、d or entertainment. But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They have found that peoples belief in willpower determines how long and how well theyll be able to work on tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower are something that is not really

4、 used up, you can go on and on.” said Professor Veronika Job. The researchers designed four experiments to test students belief in willpower. After a tiring task, those who believed, or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than tho

5、se who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to the final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting the temptation. Mr. Job said,

6、“The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting. Belief in willpower as a non- limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.” The findings can help people who are battling against temptation. Willpower isnt driven by a biologically- based process

7、 as much as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behaviors. 答案及解析：答案及解析： Based on a recent report, having a rest to refresh yourself is not so essential as some people think. (要点 1) Will-power, assumed to be a limited resource by some scientists, were thought to be only regaine

8、d by rest, food, as well as entertainment. (要点 2) However, this theory has been challenged. Researchers, including Veronica Jobs, conducted experiments and made some new discoveries. (要点 3) If you believe that willpower is limitless, you will be more powerful, which is a potential help to resist tem

9、ptation. (要点 4) （二） 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents

10、 spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults. This pattern of age segregation (隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children atte

11、nding school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the 2 amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time ad

12、olescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number o

13、f adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size as well as in terms of its impact on societys other cultures (adults, younger children). Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed La

14、rson and his colleagues examined adolescents daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults b

15、egins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (自治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close super

16、vision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so. 答案及解析：答案及解析： Adolescent peer culture is a universal phenomenon and for American adolescents more time is spent with peers than with younger children or adults. (要点 1) First

17、ly, changes in workplace reduce the amount of time adolescents spend with their parents. (要点 2) School reforms also result in less time spent with younger children. (要点 3) Additionally, the increase in adolescent population is another contributing factor. (要点 4) A research shows adolescents gradual

18、separation from adults starts in their early teens when they manage to escape adult supervision. (要点 5) (77 words) （三） 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Stress for a teenager is as real as stress for an adult. Therefore, its important to understand the causes of stress in teenagers. When parents change th

19、eir jobs or if the family “decides to move to a different place, the child has to change schools, find new friends, adapt to the new social circle and fit into new groups. It is always difficult for children to adapt to such changes, which can be a serious cause of stress in their life. Academic dif

20、ficulties, such as inability to understand a certain subject can cause stress. Not every child has the ability to understand every subject. Some kids need extra help besides school work to grasp a few concepts. Poor academic performance is often laughed at and is looked down upon by both teachers an

21、d peers. In such cases, it can make the child feel isolated, neglected and hurt. All of this, put together, can add to stress, which many times worsens grades. Extra curricular（课外活动）such as playing a sport, or attending art classes can weigh heavily on your childs mind. Balancing school and extra cu

22、rricular activities does seem like a burden when you have to be 3 outstanding at both. When the pressures from both the ends get unmanageable, teenagers tend to get tired and annoyed. Tiredness sets in, leading to stress related issues such as lack of concentration in school. These are the common ca

23、uses of stress in teenagers, which can be noticed through signs suchas poor memory, anxiety, negative and pessimistic attitude. If the signs of teenage stress go unrecognized for a long time, it can make the child emotionally out of balance. And next step, if this happens, it is necessary for parent

24、s to know how to deal with stress. 答案及解析：答案及解析： Possible version: The passage talks about the causes of stress among teenagers. One of the factors is teenagers inability to adapt to new environment after moving to another place. Other causes include poor academic performance and extra curricular. On

25、ce teenagers show signs of pressure, parents are encouraged to help them cope with it. （四） 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 In the United States,employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day.However,many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in ord

26、er to do so.A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.The shortened workweek w

27、ould increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert,and as a result,they would make fewer costly errors in their work.Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work would be accomplished would not result in additional payroll costs because four-day employees wo

28、uld only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate.In the end,companies would have fewer overworked and error-prone employees for the same money,which would increase company benefits.For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it would reduce unem

29、ployment rate.If many full-time employees started working fewer hours,some of their workload would have to be shifted to others.Thus,for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week,a new employee could be hired at the 80 percent rate.Finally, the option of a four-day workweek would be better

30、 for individual employees.Employees who could afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time could improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families,pursuing private interests or enjoying leisure activities. 答案及解析：答案及解析： Working for four-days a week with less pa

31、y will do good to the country,companies,and employees.First, companies can hire more efficient employees with same payroll costs.Second,with more people at work,the country will benefit from reduced unemployment rate.Finally,with more time,employs will lead a life of higher quality.(55 字) （五） 阅读下面短文

32、，根据内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 A new, first-of-its-kind study examines the connection between teacher burnout and students stress levels. Researchers from the University of British Columbia collected saliva (唾液) samples from over 400 elementary 4 school children, grades four to seven, at 17 public schools. C

33、ortisol (皮质醇) levels were then assessed from the samples as the hormone is commonly used as a biological indicator of stress. Correspondingly, teacher burnout was determined through survey results. Investigators found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings of emot

34、ional exhaustion, students cortisol levels were elevated (提升). Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems. The study appears in the journal Social Science its time to make them accept it. Introduce yourself with pr

35、ide and with twinkle in your eyes “I am a housewife”Kick that “just” out _ _ 答案及解析：答案及解析： A housewife deserves to be respected and being a housewife is rewarding. Housewives deal with many things and play many roles in and outside the family. Besides, housewives can decrease family members stress an

36、d tiredness and make them relax, which cannot be bought with the money they earn. In a word, housewives should proudly introduce themselves, knowing they are important. 本文的作者从家庭主妇在做自我介绍时感到遗憾和自卑讲起，同时表明自己的观点：做家庭主妇并不是犯 罪，当选择不在外面工作而是在家里工作的时候，也没有必要感到尴尬。当社会的基本单位-家庭依赖于 家庭主妇以及她们的服务时，她们不仅仅是一个家庭主妇；并且列举了家庭主妇所承

37、担的多重社会职责以 及多重身份，还讲到了由于某些原因，她们选择了在家里做家庭主妇。为家里人布置舒适的房间，缓解工 10 作压力，减轻疲劳，使他们得到放松，为他们的生活解除后顾之忧，从而说明了她们的重要性，所以呼吁 家庭主妇要尊重自己，要自豪地介绍自己，让全世界接受自己。 【亮点说明】 本题是补全文章。内容紧扣主题，与上文衔接紧密，语句精炼。A housewife deserves to be respected and being a housewife is rewarding.句中使用动词不定式一般式的被动式；which cannot be bought with the money th

38、ey earn.句中 which 引导非限制性定语从句；housewives should proudly introduce themselves, knowing they are important.现在分词做伴随状语；另外，Besides, In a word,等的运用也为文章增色添彩。 （十一） 阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。 Most people think it s fine to be “busy as a be aver (海狸).” But actually, although beavers may work hard, often the

39、y dont get much done. Beavers are good at building dams and most beaver dams are wonders of engineering. The best ones are strongly built of trees, stones, and mud. They are wide at the bottom and narrow at the top. Beavers think nothing of building a dam more than two hundred feet long. One dam, in

40、 Montana, was more than two thousand feet long. The largest one ever seen was in New Hampshire. It stretched four thousand feet. It made a lake large enough to hold forty beaver homes. So beavers do build good dams. But they dont always build them in the right places. They just dont plan. They will

41、build a dam across the widest part of the stream. They dont try to find a place where the stream is narrow. So a lot of their hard work is wasted. Beavers should learn that its not enough to be busy. You have to know what youre doing, too. For example, there was one Oregon beaver that really was a w

42、orker. It decided to fix a hole in a man-made dam. After five days of work it gave up. The hole it was trying to fill was the space that boats go through. 写作内容 1. 以约 30 词概括上文的主要内容； 2. 以约 120 词就“制定规划与达成目标”这一主题进行议论，内容包括： (1) 海狸修水坝的故事给你的启示是什么？ (2) 请结合你的生活经历阐述“制定规划与达成目标”之间的关系。 写作要求 1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，

43、也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 评分标准 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。 _ _ 答案及解析：答案及解析： Beavers are very diligent dam-builders who can build extremely good dams. However, they sometimes dont 11 know where to build the dams or which dams should be fixed only because they have no consciousness to m

44、ake a plan. The beavers story illustrates the importance of pi aiming. Without a plan the best intentions and efforts will not produce results shouldnt work blindly but have a clear idea of our purpose, the actions needed to achieve it, and how these should be ordered. As a junior student, I achieve

45、d considerable success in learning English through the combination of hard work and planning. I prepared good materials with the help of my teacher, made plans for my daily study and self- monitored the whole process of my learning I made rapid process and became very confident. I think I couldnt ha

46、ve done it without a good plan. Diligence is a key to success, but in my opinion, good plan is also essential. Through planning, we can develop clear goals, find more efficient and effective methods and thus have more opportunities to reach our goals than through hardworking alone. 试题分析：本文考查学生的读写能力。

47、要求字数较多，因此注意分段。首先第一段概括所给短文内容要 点，注意利用原文中所给的语言材料，用自己的话来写；概括后的文章意思要通顺，行文要连贯。要做到 开门见山，抓住要点, 语言精练。第二段利用海狸修水坝的故事阐述自己对“制定规划与达成目标”的观点， 要有层次感：可以使用过渡词引出主题句自己的观点理由。第三段联系自己的实际生活阐述制定 规划有利于达成目标，制定计划的益处。最后一段给出全文的总结，可使用下列短语：In conclusion,； In short,；To make a long story short,；In general等等。半开放性作文给考生自由发挥的余地较大。为 了提高文章

48、档次，可以在保证内容要点齐全的同时进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥。同时还需注意句子间的 正确联系，注意词语的丰富和句型的多样。 （十二） 阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇 150词左右的英语短文。 Everybody gets angry sometimes.Being angry doesnt really solve much-but what people do when they feel angry is important. The goal is to calm yourself down and try to solve whatever problem is bothering you. This is hard for some kids (and adults too). Instead of calming down, some kids might keep getting more and more upset until they explode like a volcano! Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. Thei