第三章-建设工程造价和成本管理-工程管理专业英语课件.pptx

1、0 1IntroductionP r o j e c t C o s t S y s t e mP r o j e c t C o s t S y s t e m项 目 成 本 系 统成 本 估 算 分 类成 本 估 算 方 法初 步 成 本 估 算最 终 成 本 估 算工 料 测 量C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f C o s t E s t i m a t e sC o s t E s t i m a t e sA c c u r a c y R a n g eA c c u r a c y R

2、a n g eA p p r o a c h e s t o A p p r o a c h e s t o E s t i m a t i o nE s t i m a t i o nP r e l i m i n a r y C o s t P r e l i m i n a r y C o s t E s t i m a t eE s t i m a t e F i n a l C o s t E s t i m a t e F i n a l C o s t E s t i m a t eQ u a n t i t y S u r v e yQ u a n t i t y S u r

3、v e y精 度 范 围LOGOreduced to简化为简化为retrieve rtrivvt.重新得到重新得到;检索数据检索数据ongoing ngadj.仍在进行的仍在进行的pertinent ptnntadj.有关的有关的;切题的切题的classification klsfkenn.分类分类covers kvz vt.覆盖覆盖;包含包含(cover的第三人称单数的第三人称单数)investmentInvestmntn.投资投资employed to使用使用prudent prudntadj.审慎的审慎的;精明的精明的varies from不同于不同于expressed as表示为表示为

4、positive pztvadj.正的正的negative negtvadj.负的负的surrounding srand vt.围绕围绕(surround的动名词的动名词)outlay atlen.费用费用,支出支出plants manufacturing设备的制造设备的制造LOGOproduction capacity生产能力生产能力inception nsepnn.开始开始;启动启动raw radj.未加工的未加工的generated denretdvt.生成生成(generate的过去分词的过去分词)attributes trbjutsn.属性属性;特质特质(attribute的复数的复

5、数)assumed sjumdadj.假定的假定的bill of quantities工程量清单工程量清单summation smenn.求和求和;总和总和multiplied by乘以乘以corresponding krspndadj.相应的相应的laborious lbrsadj.费力的费力的break down分解分解disaggregate dsgrgetvt.分解分解collectively klektvladv.共同地共同地decomposing dikmpz vt&vi.分解分解(decompose的动名词的动名词)expenditure item支出项目支出项目LOGOcons

6、truction supervision施工监理施工监理general office overhead普通管理费普通管理费;综合办公费综合办公费proportionally prpnladv.按比例地按比例地subdivisions sbdvnsn.细分细分(subdivision的复数的复数)compiled kmpaldvt.编制编制(compile的过去分词的过去分词)fundamentally fnd mentladv.根本地根本地extrapolated kstrpletd vt.推算推算(extrapolate的过去分词的过去分词)working drawings施工图施工图com

7、pilation kmplenn.汇编汇编unit-price bidding单价投标单价投标customarily kstmrladv.习惯上地习惯上地extends kstendz vt.扩展扩展(extend的第三人称单数的第三人称单数)check tekvt.核实核实work package工作包工作包agreement grimntn.协议协议close klusadj.接近的接近的The first classification,the degree of project definition,is based upon the percentage of completed ar

8、chitectural and engineering designs.It defines available input information to the estimator.The second classification,the end usage of the estimate,is based on available data progress and covers conceptual estimates for investment feasibility,and studies funding authorization,budgets,and contractor

9、detail estimates for lump-sum bidding.The third classification,the estimate generating methodology,is based on processes employed to forecast building costs that are stochastic and deterministic.第 一 种 分 类(标 准)为 项 目 定 义 的 细致 程 度,是 基 于 已 完 成 的 建 筑 设 计和 施 工 设 计 的 百 分 比。它 为 估 算 人员 定 义 了 可 用 的 输 入 信 息。第

10、二 种分 类(标 准)为 估 算 的 最 终 用 途,是基 于 可 获 取 的 数 据 进 展,涵 盖 投 资可 行 性 的 概 念 性 估 算,并 研 究 资 金授 权、预 算 和 承 包 商 对 总 投 标 的 详细 估 价。第 三 种 分 类(标 准)为 估 算的 生 成 方 法,是 基 于 预 测 随 机 性 和确定性的建筑成本的过程。Review Questions and ProblemsReview Questions and ProblemsLook up relevant literatures to f i n d o u t i f t h e r e i s a n y

11、 o t h e r c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f c o s t estimation.D i s c u s s h o w t o m a k e t h e c o s t estimation more accurate.O N EO N ET W OT W O0 2Basic Elements of Basic Elements of Cost EstimationCost EstimationIndirect Labour Costs Indirect Labour Costs 业主业主Labour Costs Labour Costs 人工费人

12、工费The Cost of Heavy Equipment The Cost of Heavy Equipment 重型设备成本重型设备成本Bids from SubcontractorBids from Subcontractor分包商报价分包商报价Material CostsMaterial Costs材料费材料费MarkupMarkup(在成本的基础上在成本的基础上)加价加价/利润利润Overhead Overhead 日常管理费日常管理费LOGOcustomary kstmradj.通常的通常的;习惯的习惯的solicit slstvt.征求征求quotations kwutenz n

13、.市价市价(quotation的复数的复数)desirable dzarbladj.值得的值得的guarantees grntiz n.保证保证;保证书保证书(guarantee的复数的复数)stipulations stpjulenz n.规定规定(stipulation的复数的复数)pertaining to属于属于freight fretn.运费运费drayage dredn.运货马车运送运货马车运送storage strdn.存储存储inspection nspeknn.检查检查recap sheet汇总表汇总表handling and installation expense 装卸和

14、安装费用装卸和安装费用thorough radj.彻底的彻底的;十分的十分的;周密的周密的hourly rate 计时工资计时工资;每小时工资率每小时工资率;按小时计的工资额按小时计的工资额fringe frndadj.附加的附加的substantial sbstnladj.大量的大量的addition to除了除了LOGOinterrelate.with相互关联相互关联allowance launsn.津贴津贴work category工作类别工作类别accounts for占占比例比例earth-moving machines土方机械土方机械;掘土机掘土机concrete plants混凝

15、土加工厂混凝土加工厂truck cranes货车起重机货车起重机power tools电动工具电动工具concrete vibrators混凝土振动器混凝土振动器concrete buggies混凝土车混凝土车wheelbarrows wilbrz n.手推车手推车(wheelbarrow的复数的复数)water hoses水管水管extension cords延长绳延长绳lump-sum一次总付的一次总付的keep in mind牢记牢记paramount to最重要的最重要的making up组成组成qualifications kwlfkens n.资格资格;条件条件(qualifica

16、tion的复数的复数)LOGOstipulate stpjuletvt.规定规定job site作业现场作业现场hoisting hIstn.吊装吊装(设备设备)subbidn.分标分标amounts mauntn.数量数量(amount的复数的复数)contracting with与与签订合同签订合同overhead vhedn.管理费管理费job overhead工作管理费工作管理费field overhead工地管理费工地管理费chargeable t dbladj.可以记账的可以记账的reliable rlabladj.可靠的可靠的markup m kpn.(在成本基础上的在成本基础上

17、的)加价加价;利润利润margin m dnn.利润利润at the close of在在结束时结束时contingency kntndnsi n.意外意外/偶然开支偶然开支;应急应急;不可预见费不可预见费management philosophy管理哲学管理哲学calls for要求要求appraisal prezln.评价评价imponderables mpndrblz n.无法估量的事物无法估量的事物(imponderable的复数的复数)have a bearing on影响到影响到Sentences Illustration Sentences Illustration Some c

18、hoose to include all elements of labour expense in a single hourly rate.Others evaluate direct labour cost separately from indirect cost.Some contractors compute regular and overtime labour costs separately,while others combine scheduled overtime with straight time to arrive at an average hourly rat

19、e.Some evaluate labour charges using production rates,others use labour unit costs.有些人选择包含劳动费用中所有要素的计时工资,另一些人则会将直接人工成本与间接成本分开来估算。一些承包商将常规人工成本和加班人工成本分开计算,而其他承包商则将计划性加班(工时)与正式工时相结合,以计算出平均的计时工资。有些人用生产率来估算劳动费用,而另一些人则采用的是劳动的单位成本(来估算)。Review Questions and ProblemsReview Questions and ProblemsH o w t o g e

20、 t a c o m p l e t e c o s t estimation?D o y o u t h i n k t h e c o s t e s t i m a t i o n i s t h e s a m e e v e n f r o m t h e d i f f e r e n t p o i n t s o f view of the contractor and the o w n e r?G i v e s o m e d e t a i l e d reasons.O N EO N ET W OT W O0 3Construction Materials T h e

21、 C o n s t r u c t i o n C o s t C y c l e工 程 成 本 周 期工 程 成 本 周 期P r o j e c t C o s t A c c o u n t i n g项 目 成 本 核 算项 目 成 本 核 算O b j e c t i v e s o f a C o s t S y s t e m成 本 系 统 的 目 标成 本 系 统 的 目 标C o s t A c c o u n t i n g R e p o r t s成 本 核 算 报 告成 本 核 算 报 告P r o j e c t C o s t C o n t r o l项 目

22、成 本 控 制项 目 成 本 控 制E a r n e d Va l u e M a n a g e m e n t S y s t e m挣 值 管 理 系 统挣 值 管 理 系 统0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 6LOGOwithin the limits在在限制之内限制之内anticipated ntspetd vt.预测预测(anticipate的过去分词的过去分词)revolving rvlvadj.循环的循环的historic hstrkadj.历史的历史的proprietary prpratriadj.专有的专有的protected prte

23、ktdvt.保护保护(protect的过去分词的过去分词)underprizing ndrprazadj.低价出售的低价出售的at any given point在任何已知点在任何已知点adjusted dstdadj.调整过的调整过的execute ekskjutvt.执行执行periodic pridkadj.周期性的周期性的tailored teld vt.调整使适应调整使适应(tailor的过去分词的过去分词)cash flow现金流现金流reallocate rilketvt.重新分配重新分配shortfalls tflzn.不足不足(shortfall的复数的复数)track tr

24、kvt.追踪追踪LOGOaccomplish kmplvt.完成完成supervision sjupvnn.监督监督regardless of不管不管functioning fknvi.运转运转(function的动名词的动名词)reliable rlabladj.可靠的可靠的plays a vital role起着至关重要的作用起着至关重要的作用indicated ndketdadj.表明的表明的cost accounting成本核算成本核算field costs现场费用现场费用isolated asletdadj.隔离的隔离的;孤立的孤立的;分离的分离的distilled dstldvt.

25、蒸馏蒸馏(distill的过去分词的过去分词)targeted for针对针对management-by-exception例外管理例外管理;偏差管理偏差管理devices dvasizn.设备设备(device的复数的复数)cost overruns成本超支成本超支detection dteknn.检测检测LOGOingredient ngridintn.成分成分elaboration lbrenn.详述详述routines rutinzn.日常工作日常工作(routine的复数的复数)time-average时间平均时间平均intermittently ntmtntladj.间歇性的间歇性

26、的occasional kenladj.偶尔的偶尔的spot checks抽查抽查excessive ksesvadj.过多的过多的projection prdeknn.投影投影remedy remdvt.补救补救intervals ntvlzn.间隔间隔uncomplicated nkmplketdadj.不复杂的不复杂的extension kstennn.延伸延伸gauge gedvt.测量测量cumulative kjumjultvadj.累积的累积的analogous to类似于类似于LOGOcurrency value货币价值货币价值division dvnn.分开分开normali

27、ze nmlazvt.归一化归一化converted into转换成转换成indices ndsizn.指数指数(index的复数的复数)benchmark bentm kn.基准基准interim ntrmadj.临时的临时的adding up总计总计baseline beslann.基准基准curve kvn.曲线曲线accrued krudadj.应计的应计的slippage slpdn.滑移滑移to-date variances迄今为止的差异迄今为止的差异subtracting sbtrkt vt.减去减去(subtract的动名词的动名词)在 这 种 情 况 下,术 语 表 不 涉

28、及 先 前 在 书 中 讨 论 过 的 基 于 时 间 的模型,而是指在整个项目实施过程中用作计费基础的成本清单。The te r m s c he dul e i n t h i s ca s e d o e s n o t re fe r t o t h e t i m e-b a s e d m o d e l s that have been discussed previously i n t h e b o o k b u t,rat h e r,to a l i st i n g o f c o s t s t o b e u s e d a s a b a s i s f o

29、r billing throughout the project.Review Questions and ProblemsReview Questions and ProblemsI f t h e c o s t o v e r r u n s i n t h e p ro j e c t p ro c e s s,w h o w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a n d h o w t o take the remedial measures?0 4Reading materialComputer estimating has become

30、very popular in recent years primarily because of the advent of the microcomputer.Early efforts of computer estimating date back to the early 1970s but were cumbersome to use because they were on a mainframe and were card-driven.No less than 15 U.S.companies now offer estimating software for a micro

31、computer.Because the computer estimating industry is new,there are no real standards for estimating programs.Some programs are nothing more than a way to organize the calculations of an estimate,while others calculate all the details of the estimate.The following are some of the major advantages of

32、computer cost estimating:Accuracy versus consistency.Computer estimates are very consistent,provided they calculate the detail of an estimate.Because these estimates are consistent,they can be made to be accurate.Through the use of consistent efficiency factors or leaving curves,estimates can be adj

33、usted up or down.This is one of the chief advantages of computer cost estimating.Computer Estimating Reading materialLevels of details.Some computer estimating systems provide different levels of estimating cost.The level of detail selected by the user depends on the dollar risk.Many estimators prod

34、uce an estimate in more detail because the computer can calculate speeds and feeds,for example,much faster than an estimator can a hand-held calculator.Refinements.Some computer estimating systems provide many refinements that would be impossible for the estimator to do in any timely manner.One exam

35、ple is to adjust speeds and feeds for material hardness.Typically,the harder the material the more slowly a part will be turned or bored.Another refinement is the ability to calculate a feed state and adjust it based on the width of a form tool.Computer EstimatingReading materialSource code.Some com

36、panies offer the source code uncompiled to their users.This is important because it affords the user the opportunity to customize the software.In addition,many companies have written their own software to do something that is not available on the market.If the source code is not compiled,the users c

37、an build upon a computer estimating system.The chief disadvantage of computer estimating is that no one estimating system can suit everyones need.This is especially true if the source code is compiled and not customizable.Another problem with computer estimating is that the estimator will,in all probability,have to change some estimating methods.Computer software for estimating cost is seldom written around one method of estimating.Computer Estimating