Unit1 词汇学案黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区哈工大附中2022-2023学年人教版八年级英语下册.pdf

1、1 哈工大附中哈工大附中 17 级级 英语学科英语学科 导学案导学案 Unit 1 Whats the matter?第第 1 课时课时 Section A&Section B 词汇词汇 主备人：主备人：李巍巍李巍巍 词汇讲解：词汇讲解：Section A P1-P2 1.matter m_t(r)n.问题，事情 1）课文原句:怎么了？出什么事了？Whats the matter?=Whats _/_?=Whats the _/_?你怎么了？Whats the _ _ you?练习：()Jenny,could you tell me _?-I broke my arm last night.A

2、.what the matter is with you B.what is the matter with you C.what the matter was with you 2）v.要紧，有关系 -对不起。-Sorry.-没关系。-It doesnt _.3）事实上_=_=_ 4）No matter what you say,I like to listen.no matter what=_ 无论什么 no matter how=_ 无论如何 no matter where=_ 无论在哪 no matter who=_ 无论是谁 no matter when=_ 无论何时 2.sore

3、s_(r)adj.疼痛的，酸痛的 课文原句:我后背疼。I have a sore back.3.have a cold 感冒（延续）=_ a cold（瞬间）cold Cn.感冒 患感冒的人 people with/having colds 4.stomachache st_m_k_k n.胃痛；腹痛 stomach st_m_k n.胃；腹部 1）课文原句:我胃疼。I have a stomachache.2 2）身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词 n.头疼_ h_d_k n.牙疼_ t_ _ek 短语 头疼_ 牙疼 _ 5.foot f_t n.脚，足 pl._ tooth pl._

4、 在山脚下 at the foot of the mountain 6.neck n_k n.颈，脖子_ pl.7.throat r_t n.嗓子 1）课文原句：她现在嗓子疼。She has a sore throat now.2）嗓子疼 _ 8.fever f_v(r)n.发烧 1）课文原句：听起来你不像是发烧了。It doesnt sound like you have a fever.2)发（高）烧 _ 9.lie l_v.躺，平躺；存在，处于 躺下 _ 1）课文原句：我认为你应该躺下来休息。I think you should lie down and rest.2）躺在地上 _ 卧床

5、 _ 3）v.躺，平躺；存在，处于 p._ l_ p.p._-ing _ 他躺在沙发上很快睡着了。He _ _ on the sofa and soon fell asleep.我一进门，看见爸爸正躺在沙发上。When I came in,I saw my dad _ on the sofa.4）lie v.位于 介词（on,in,to）填空。Wuhan lies _ Hubei Province.Wuhan lies _ the southwest of Harbin.Hubei Province lies _ the north of Hunan Province.5）v.说谎 p._ p

6、.p._-ing _ 跟某人说谎 _=_ cn.谎言谎言 10.rest r_st n.&v.休息 1）休息一下_/_ 2）v.p _ p.p _-ing_ 3）休息 5 分钟 3 _/_/_ 11.cough k:_ n.&v.咳嗽 1）课文原文：我咳嗽并且嗓子疼。I have a cough and sore throat.2）v.p._ p.p._-ing _ 3）咳嗽的厉害 cough badly/terribly=have a bad/terrible cough 12.X-ray eks r_n.X 射线；X 光 课文原文：看牙医并做个 X 光检查 see a dentist an

7、d get an X-ray 13.take ones temperature 量体温 1）课文原文：我应该量一下体温吗？Should I take my temperature?2）你量体温了吗？Have you taken your temperature?14.break br_k n.休息，间歇 1）课文原文：你需要离开电脑休息一下。You need to take breaks away from the computer.休息 _/_ 2）v.（使）破；裂；碎；打破（记录）；损坏 p._ p.p_ ing_ 打碎了玻璃杯_ a cup 违反法律、规定 break the law/r

8、ule 打破世界记录 break the world record 违背诺言 break ones _/break ones promise 3）爆发 break out 4）adj._ 损坏的，残缺的 一个碎了的杯子 a _ cup 15.hurt h_(r)t v.（使）疼痛；受伤 p._ p.p_ ing_ 1）课文原文：如果明天你的头和脖子还疼的话，就去看医生。If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow,then go to a doctor._动词 译为：_ 2）vi.感到疼痛 我总是头疼。My head always _.=I always

9、_.=I always have a pain in my head.3）vt.使疼痛，伤害 4 我的话伤害了他。My words _ him.4）adj.受伤的 昨天，我的腿伤的很严重。My leg _ badly_ yesterday.受伤 _ Section A P3-P4 16.passenger p_s_nd(r)n.乘客；旅客 pl._ 课文原文：1）公交车司机和乘客救了一位老人（标题）Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man 2）多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人的生命。Thanks to Mr.Wang and the passe

10、ngers,the man was saved by the doctors in time.17.off f adj.&prep.离开（某处）；不工作；从去掉 1）课文原文：他下了车，问那个女人发生了什么事。He got off and asked the woman what happened.2）下车 _从掉落_ 脱下，（飞机）起飞_ 3）get off 反义词组_ a bus/a train/a ship get out of 反义词组_ a taxi/a car 4）衬衫全部减价 10%。All shirts are 10%_.18.to ones surprise 使惊讶的；出乎意

11、料 通常位于_ 1）课文原文：但令他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一起去。But to his surprise,they all agreed to go with him.2）n.惊讶/vt.令人惊讶_ 令人惊讶的(adj.)_ 感到惊讶的(adj.)_ 3）他惊讶地看着我。He looked at me _ _.4）给某人一个惊喜_ 一个惊喜派对_ 5）他对这个令人惊讶的消息感到惊讶。He was _ _the _ news.=The _ news _ him _.=The news _ _ _ him.5 =The _ news _ him.19.onto ntuprep.朝；向 课文原文：

12、一些乘客帮助王先生把老人抬到了公交车上。Some passengers helped Mr.Wang to move the man onto the bus.20.troubletr_bl n.问题，苦恼 1）课文原文：令人寒心的是很多人因为不想惹麻烦，所以不愿帮助别人。Its sad that many people dont want to help others because they dont want any trouble.2)做某事有困难 have _/_/_+_ 3）处于困境中 in trouble 帮助有困难的人_ 21.hit h_t v.（用手或器具）击，打 p._

13、p.p._ ing_ 1）课文原文：26 路公交车在中华路上撞了一位老人。Bus No.26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road.2）我被落下的石块击中了。I _ _ _ a falling stone.3）打某人的脸/肚子 hit sb._ the face/stomach 打某人的后背/头 hit sb._ the back/head 22.right away 立即；马上 1）课文原文：这位老人有心脏病，需要马上去医院。The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right

14、away.2）同义词 right away=right _=_ _=immediately 23.get into 陷入；参与 课文原文：你同意人们常常因为不想惹麻烦而不帮助别人的观点吗？Do you agree that people often do not help others because they do not want to get into trouble?陷入困境 _ 摆脱困境 _ 24.herself h(r)s_ lf pron.（she 的反身代词）她自己 _ 重 课文原文：Jenny 割伤了她自己。Jenny cut herself.ourselves _(r)se

15、lvz pron.（we 的反身代词）我们自己 课文原文：把我们自己弄伤了 cut ourselves Section B P5-P8 25.bandage b_nd_d n.绷带 v.用绷带包扎 6 课文原文：1）n.用绷带把它包扎上 Put a bandage on it.2）v.p._ p.p._-ing_ 然后，他用左臂给自己缠上绷带，这样不至于失血过多。Then,with his left arm,he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.26.sick s_k adj.有病的，生病的 1）课文原文：有人

16、感到不舒服了。Someone felt sick.2）作表语时 be/feel _=be/feel _ 3）作定语 一个生病的人 a _ person 病人 the _=_ people 4)_ n.病，患病 她因为生病待在家里。She stays at home because of sickness.27.knee ni Cn.膝；膝盖 pl._ 1）课文原文：有人割伤了他的膝盖。Someone cut his knee.2）在某人的膝盖上 _ 28.nosebleed n_zbl_d n.鼻出血 课文原文：有人流鼻血了。Someone had a nosebleed.29.breathe

17、 br_ _ v.呼吸 breath br_ _ n.呼吸 1）课文原文：呼吸困难 have problems _ 2）深呼吸 _=_ 3）喘不上气 out of breath 4）吸气 breathe in 呼气 breathe out 呼吸新鲜空气 breathe fresh air 30.sunburned s_nb_(r)nd adj.晒伤的 课文原文：晒伤的 get/be sunburned 31.climber kl_m(r)Cn.登山者；攀登者 1）课文原文：作为一名登山者 as a mountain climber 2）v._ p._ p.p._-ing_ 爬山 _ 3）爬山运

18、动_ 32.be used to 习惯于；适应于 1）课文原文：Aron 习惯于冒险。Aron is used to taking risks.7 2）习惯于（做）某事 be/get/become used to sth./doing sth.练习：我适应了北方的天气。I _ in the north.我的爷爷习惯了这儿的生活。His grandfather _.玛丽习惯了早起。Mary _up early.我习惯骑自行车上班。I _ a bike to school.33.risk r_ sk v.&n.危险；风险；冒险 1）冒险_/_ 2）n.The disease is spreadin

19、g（蔓延）,and all the old people are at risk.处于危险中_ 3）v.p._ p.p._-ing _ 这个勇敢的战士冒着生命危险去救那个孩子。The brave soldier risked his life to save the child.冒着生命危险做某事 _ 在这样糟糕的天气里，不要冒险去爬山。Dont risk climbing mountains in such terrible weather.冒险做某事_ 34.accident _ksdnt Cn.（交通）事故，意外遭遇 1）课文原文：有好多次，Aron 都因为意外而命悬一线。There w

20、ere many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.2）在一场车祸中_a car _ 3）我偶然做了这件事。I did it by accident.偶然地 _ _=_ _ 35.situation s_ten n.情况；状况 1）课文原文：在 2003 年 4 月 26 日，在犹他州登山时他发现自己处在了非常危险的境地中。On April 26,2003,he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.2）陷入/摆脱困难的

21、状况 _ _/_ _ a difficult situation 36.kilo k_l=kilogram n.千克；公斤 8 1）课文原文：那天，当 Aron 独自登山时，一块 360 公斤重的岩石朝他落下来，他的一条胳膊被压在了岩石下。On that day,Arons arm was caught under a 360-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.2）两公斤的柿子 _ 37.rock r_k n.岩石 1）这栋房子建在岩石上。The house was found

22、ed upon a rock.2）n.摇滚乐 rock music/rock and roll 38.run out(of)用尽；耗尽 1）课文原文：但当他的水喝完时，他明白必须要做些什么来拯救自己了。But when his water ran out,he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.2）汽油快用光了。The petrol is _.=We are _ petrol.39.knife n_f n.刀 pl._n_vz 1）写出下列词的复数形式 thief _ life _ wife _ leaf

23、_ half _ wolf _ 40.cut off 切除 1）课文原文：因此，他用刀砍掉了他的半条右臂。So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.2）cut p._ p.p_-ing_ 把我的头发剪一下 have my hair cut 6）把这棵树砍倒 _ 把大蒜切碎 _ 删除；删去一个字母 _ 切除了他的手臂 _ 把一个苹果切成两半 cut an apple _ _/_ _ 41.blood bl_d Un.血 1）课文原文：然后，他用左臂给自己缠上绷带，这样不至于失血过多。Then,with his left arm,he b

24、andaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.2）血浓于水。Blood is thicker than water.42.mean m_n v.意思是；打算；意欲 9 1）课文原文：书名的意思是“处于一种似乎无法解脱的困境之中”。This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.2）p._ m_nt p.p._-ing_ n._ adj.有意义的_ adj.无意义的_ 3）意味着做某事_ 4）打算做某事_ 5）它是什么意思？

25、What do you _ _ it?=What does it _?=What_ the _ of it?43.get out of 离开；从出来 课文原文：书名的意思是“处于一种似乎无法解脱的困境之中”。This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.下车后你往西走。Walk to the west after you _ the car.44.importance mp(r)tns Un.重要性；重要 adj.重要的 _=_ _ 1）课文原文：Aron讲述了正确抉择和自我掌控命运的重

26、要性。Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions.的重要性_ 2）对于某人来说做某事是重要的。_ 45.decision d_s_n Cn.决定；抉择 _重 v.决定_ p._ p.p._ 1）课文原文：做出正确抉择 make good decisions 2）下定决心做某事 _/_/_ 46.control kntr_l v.&n.限制；约束；管理 p._ p.p._-ing_ 1）课文原文：Aron 讲述了正确抉择和自我掌控命运的重要性。10 Aron tells of the importance of making goo

27、d decisions,and of being in control of ones life.2）掌管；管理_ 3）失去控制_ 47.spirit sp_rt n.意志；勇气 1）课文原文：我们有和 Aron 一样的勇气吗？Do we have the same spirit as Aron?2）我们要有永不放弃的意志。We should have the never-give-up spirit.48.death d_ _ n.死；死亡 1）课文原文：在我们发现自己处于生死两难的境地以及在我们不得不做出生死抉择之前，让我们先思考一下吧。Lets think about it before

28、 we find ourselves“between a rock and a hard place”,and before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death.2）adj.死了的_枯叶_ adj.垂死的_ 一只快死了的鸟 _ v.死亡，死_ p._ p.p._ ing_ die-_ _（延续性 v）49.give up 放弃 1）课文原文：Aron 在这次事故之后没有放弃，如今他继续爬山。Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today.2）Dont give up having a dream.放弃做某事_ 3）永不放弃 _ 50.nurse n_(r)s Cn.护士 pl._ 51.Judy du:di 朱迪（女名）52.Nancy nns 南希（女名）53.Mandy mndi 曼迪（女名）54.Aron ern Ralston rlstn 阿伦 罗尔斯顿 55.Utah ju:t:犹他州（美国）