八种常见动词时态讲解课件.ppt

1、初中英语动词时态复习初中英语动词时态复习 一、一般现在时一、一般现在时 二、一般过去时二、一般过去时 三、一般将来时三、一般将来时 四、过去将来时四、过去将来时 一般现在时一般现在时 一般现在时一般现在时 五、现在进行时五、现在进行时 六、过去进行时六、过去进行时 七、现在完成时七、现在完成时 八、过去完成时八、过去完成时 一、一般现在时一、一般现在时 1.一般现在时的结构：一般现在时的结构：主语+动词原形+其它 I do my homework every day.主语+am/is/are+其它 I am a student.注意：当主语是第三人称单数时，动词要用第三人称单数形式。否定构成否

2、定构成 ：dont+动原动原 doesnt+动原动原 一般疑问构成及简答一般疑问构成及简答：Do+主语主语+动原动原+其它？其它？Yes,I do.Does+主语主语+动原动原+其它？其它？No,he doesnt.特殊疑问举例特殊疑问举例：What do you often do on Sundays?Where does he live?动词原形变为第三人称单数形式的规则：动词原形变为第三人称单数形式的规则：规则规则 一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-s 动词原形动词原形 play leave swim pass fix teach wish do study carry fly 第三人称单数形式

3、第三人称单数形式 play s leave s swim s pass es fixes teach es wish es does stud ies carr ies flies 以字母以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾结尾的词加的词加-es 以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的结尾的词，先变词，先变y为为i,再加再加-es 注意：动词注意：动词have的第三人称单数形式是的第三人称单数形式是has.写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。1.cook_ 2.watch_ 3.build_ 4.have_ 5.wash_ 6.enjoy_ 7.go _ 8 receive

4、_ 9 cry_ 10.close _ 11.drive_ 12.choose_ 13.play _ 14.reach _ 2.一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法：1）表示经常性的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的副词连用。常用的频率副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never。频率副词在句中通常位于行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如:He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家去学校。2）表示现在的状态。例

5、如：The boy is twelve.这男孩十二岁。3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如：My sister is always ready to help others.我妹妹总是乐于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。例如：The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。5）表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return 等。

6、例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back.他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job,they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。I do my homework every day.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Do you do your

7、 homework every day?Yes,I do./No,I dont.2.改为否定句。I dont do my homework every day.Jim does his homework every day.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Does Jim do his homework every day?Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.2.改为否定句。Jim doesnt do his homework every day.二、一般过去时二、一般过去时 1.一般过去时的结构：一般过去时的结构：主语+动词过去式+其它 I did my homework yest

8、erday.(did就是do的过去式）否定构成：否定构成：didnt+动原动原 一般疑问构成及简答举例：一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语主语+动原动原+其它？其它？特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday?When did he get up this morning?动词原形变为动词过去式的规则：动词原形变为动词过去式的规则：构成规则构成规则 一般在动词原形末尾加一般在动词原形末尾加-ed 动词原形动词原形 look play work 动词过去式动词过去式 looked play ed work ed 结尾是结尾是e的动词在末尾的动词在末尾加加-

9、d like live liked lived 末尾只有一个辅音字母末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加这个辅音字母，再加-ed 结尾是结尾是“辅音字母辅音字母y”的动词，先变的动词，先变“y”为为“i”再加再加-ed plan stop drop study worry cry plan ned stop ped drop ped stud ied worr ied cried 2.一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,last week,an hour ago,ju

10、st now,in 1982等连用。在一般过去时中，要表达“多少时间之后”，一般用after。例如：Where did you go just now?刚才你上哪儿去了？After a few years,she started to play the piano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。2）表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。例如：When I was a child,I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。3）一般过去时也可与today,this week,this mont

11、h,this year等表现在的时间状语连用，但这些时间状语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？三、一般将来时三、一般将来时 用法：将来会出现或发生的动作 常用时间状语：this evening,tomorrow,next month,in a few minutes,at the end of this term 动词构成:I,will/shall+动原 2,am/is/are going to+动词原型 3,am/is/are(about)+动词不定式 4,am/is/are+coming等现在分词 否定构

12、成：will/shall not am/is/are not 特殊疑问句举例:What will you do tomorrow?When are we going to have a class meeting?1)shall用于第一人称，常被用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)be going to+不定式，表示将来。

13、不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事。主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c.有迹象要发生的事有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday 4)

14、be about to+不定式，意为马上做某事。不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用 备注备注：在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.如果你去问高老师，她会告诉你答案。I will do my homework tonight.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Will you do your homework

15、tonight?Yes,I will./No,I wont.2.改为否定句。I wont do my homework tonight.练习练习()1.Look at the clouds._.A.Its going to rain B.Itll be raining C.It will be rained D.If it rains ()2There_ two English films next week.A.is going to be B.are going to have C.will have D.are going to be ()3 There is going to_ a v

16、olleyball match on our school playground.The match is going to_ at six this evening.A.have;be B.be;have C.be;be D.have;have 四、过去将来时四、过去将来时 1.过去将来时的结构：过去将来时的结构：结构一：主语+would+动词原形+其它 I would do my homework.结构二：主语+was going to+动词原形+其它 主语+were going to+动词原形+其它 I was going to buy a car.2.过去将来时的用法过去将来时的用法：

17、1）表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock.他说他会在九点之前完成工作。2）“was/were going to+动词原形”所表示的过去将来时,表示过去曾经打算做某事。例如：She said she was going to buy a car.她说她打算买一辆小汽车。I would do my homework.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Would you do your homework?Yes,I would./No,I wouldnt

18、.2.改为否定句。I wouldnt do my homework.I was going to buy a car.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Were you going to buy a car？Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.2.改为否定句。I wasnt going to buy a car.五、现在进行时五、现在进行时 1.现在进行时的结构：现在进行时的结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词+其它 I am doing my homework now.(doing就是do的现在分词）动词原形变为动词现在分词的规则：动词原形变为动词现在分词的规则：规则规则 一般在动词

19、原形末尾加一般在动词原形末尾加-ing 以不发音字母以不发音字母e结尾的动结尾的动词，先去掉词，先去掉e，再加，再加-ing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加个辅音字母，再加-ing 以以ie结尾的短单词，把结尾的短单词，把ie改为改为y,再加再加-ing 以以er结尾的动词，如是重结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写读音节结尾，先双写r，再加再加-ing。如不是重读如不是重读音节结尾，就直接加音节结尾，就直接加-ing 原形原形 listen spend stay have prepare

20、 close sit begin run put lie die tie prefer water-ing形式形式 listen ing spend ing stay ing having prepar ing closing sitting begin ning run ning put ting lying dying tying prefer ring watering 2.现在进行时的用法现在进行时的用法：1）表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,at present,at this moment等时间状语连用。例如：We are waiting for you

21、now.我们正在等你。2）表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr.Green is writing another novel.格林先生在写另一部小说。（说话时未必在写，只处于写作的状态。）3）表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always,forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。4）表示渐变，这样的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red.叶子

22、在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer.天越来越热了。5）come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return 等动词可用于现在进行时，表示将要发生的动作。例如：Im leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。The train is arriving soon.火车要到了。I am doing my homework now.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Are you doing your homework now?Yes,I am./No,Im not.2.改为否定句。I am not doing my homework now.六

23、、过去进行时六、过去进行时 1.过去进行时的结构：过去进行时的结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词+其它 I was doing my homework at that time.(doing就是do的现在分词）They were doing their homework at that time.2.过去进行时的用法过去进行时的用法：1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表示过去的时间壮语连用。例如：At this moment yesterday,I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2)come,go,arrive,leave,

24、start,begin,return 等动词可用于过去进行时，表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告诉我她将去海南度假。3)在含有时间壮语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。例如:It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站时，正下着雨。When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。I was doing

25、my homework at that time.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Were you doing your homework at that time?Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.2.改为否定句。I wasnt doing my homework at that time.七、现在完成时七、现在完成时 1.现在完成时的结构：现在完成时的结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其它 I have done my homework already.(done就是do的过去分词）Jim has done his homework already.否定构成：否定构成：hav

26、e/has not+过去分词过去分词 一般疑问构成：一般疑问构成：Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词?特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：What have you done recently?How long has he lived in Beijing?2.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法：1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already,yet,ever,never,just，before 等词连用。例如：Have you had supper yet?你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。

27、2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语（如：for一段时间，since+过去时间点或从句）连用。例如：It has been five years since he joined the army.他参军五年了。They have learned English for eight years.他们已学了八年的英语了。3.现在完成时需注意的问题：现在完成时需注意的问题：非延续性动词(如begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,finish,join,kill,leave,stop，receive等）不能与表示一

28、段时间的状语连用。例如：He has joined the army for five years.（错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以延续的。I have received his letter for a month.（错误）I havent received his letter for a month.(正确)I have done my homework already.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Have you done your homewo

29、rk yet?Yes,I have./No,I havent.2.改为否定句。I havent done my homework yet.Jim has done his homework already.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Has Jim done his homework yet?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.2.改为否定句。Jim hasnt done his homework yet.1.I have bought this computer for three years.（改错）（改错）I have had this computer for three y

30、ears.()2._ you _ the novel that I lent you last week?B A.Did;finish B.Have;finished C.Are;finished D.Do;finish()3.He _ in our school for 20 years and he _ here A in 1977.A.has taught;came B.has taught;has come C.taught;came D.has teached;has came 八、过去完成时八、过去完成时 1.过去完成时的结构：过去完成时的结构：主语+had+动词过去分词+其它 I

31、 had done my homework before you came here.(done就是do的过去分词）2.过去完成时的用法：过去完成时的用法：1)表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的动作或存在的状态(即发生的时间是过去的过去)。常与“by/before+过去的时间”构成的短语或“before、when引导的表示过去的时间状语从句”连用。例如：We had learned more than 2000 words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止，我们已经学习了两千多个单词。The train had already left before we ar

32、rived.在我们到达之前，火车已经离开了。2)表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态。常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here.我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。I had done my homework before you came here.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Had you done your homework before I came here?Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.2.改为否定句。I hadnt done my homework before you came here.