高中英语定语从句讲解课件.ppt

1、 Attributive clauses定语从句定语从句 Part 关系代词和关系副词关系代词和关系副词关系代词用法关系代词用法 关系代词关系代词 指代指代 在从句中在从句中 的作用的作用 that which who whom whose(=of which)人物人物 主宾主宾/表表 物物 主宾主宾 /表表人人 主宾主宾/表表 人人宾宾 人物人物 定定 关系副词的用法关系副词的用法关系副词关系副词指代指代在从句中的作用在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/during which)where(=in/at which)why(=for which)时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点地点状

2、语地点状语原因原因原因状语原因状语定语从句中关系词的选择定语从句中关系词的选择：“缺啥补啥缺啥补啥”看从句中缺少什么成分，从句中缺主语、宾看从句中缺少什么成分，从句中缺主语、宾语或表语用语或表语用which,who，that，as或或whom（只做宾语）（只做宾语）.其中指人时用其中指人时用who,whom,as。指物时用指物时用which,that,as。作定语意为作定语意为“的的”的时候用的时候用whose。作状语时候用关系副词作状语时候用关系副词when,where,why等。等。注意：定语从句关系词中没有注意：定语从句关系词中没有how,whatPractice1.The man _i

3、s talking to me is a friend of my fathers.2.The school _is famous here has a long history.3.I live in the house _windows face south.4.He is such a person_we like very much.that/whothat/whichwhoseas5.I will never forget the day _we were in the country.6.This is the park _you took photos last Sunday.7

4、.That was the reason_he looked old.when/on whichwhere/in which why/for which Part 通常只能使用通常只能使用that或或which的场合的场合 All _ we have to do is to practice every day.The first lesson _ I learned will never be forgottenthat1.先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等等that2.先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或

5、被序数先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时词或形容词的最高级修饰时只用只用that 的场合的场合I have read all the books _ you gave me.that3.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,just,all,any,every,few,little,no,some 等修饰时，宜用等修饰时，宜用that.They talked of things and persons _ they remembered in the school.4.先行词既有人又有物时，宜用先行词既有人又有物时，宜

6、用that.that Who is the boy _ was here just now?Which is the bike _you lost?5.当主语是以当主语是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时，开头的特殊疑问句时，定定语从句须用语从句须用that，以免与先行词重复，以免与先行词重复thatthatMy computer is no longer the machine _it was.6.当定语从句的谓语动词是当定语从句的谓语动词是be，需要关系代词作表语，需要关系代词作表语时，宜用时，宜用thatthat This is the house in_ Ji Xiaolan us

7、ed to live.which1.介词提到关系代词前时，宜用介词提到关系代词前时，宜用which。如。如 for which,on which,in which,of which 等。等。The experiment is very important,_ indeed it is.2.引导非限制性定语从句时，宜用引导非限制性定语从句时，宜用which。which只用只用which的场合的场合 Part 限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句和 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.The man who greeted me is my teacher.()2.John,who greeted me

8、,is my teacher.()Restrictive Attributive ClauseNon-restrictive Attributive Clause向我打招呼的那个人是我的老师。向我打招呼的那个人是我的老师。约翰是我的老师。他向我打过招呼。约翰是我的老师。他向我打过招呼。指出下面两个句子哪个是限制性定语从句哪个是非指出下面两个句子哪个是限制性定语从句哪个是非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形形式式 不用逗号不用逗号“，”与主句与主句隔开隔开用逗号用逗号“，”与主句隔开与主句隔开 意意义义是先行词不可缺少的定是先行词不

9、可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完去意义或意思表达不完整整 只是对先行词的补充说明，只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。的意思。译译法法译成先行词的定语：译成先行词的定语：“的的”通常译成主句的并列句通常译成主句的并列句 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1.1.引导非限制性定语从句的引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。That Peter will marry Alice,which

10、has not been announced yet,has spread around.2.2.除除which 外，还可用外，还可用when,where,who,whom等等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。After graduation,I decided to stay in Chongqing,where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.3.在在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。数词或代词。1.I am doing

11、different types of exercises,all of which are quite helpful to my health.2.Many people,some of whomare not overweight,are going on diets.3.There are 54 students in my class,three of whom come from the US.4.非限制性定语从句通常不能用非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。引导。I like the book,which was bought yesterday.我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。我

12、喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。5.非限制性定语从句不能用非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要用引导要用for which代代替替why。I had told them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting.我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。Part 介词介词+关系代词引导关系代词引导的定语从句的定语从句介词介词+关系词的定义关系词的定义定语从句中的介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于定语从句中的介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前，介词后关系代词只能用关系词前，介词后关系代词只能用wh

13、ich,whom,且不且不能省略能省略.He is the person _ you spoke tothat/who/whom He is the person _ you spoke.whomThis is the house _ I lived 4y agoinThis is the house _ I lived 4y agothat/which which关系副词关系副词when,where,why 和介词和介词+which之间的关系之间的关系关系副词关系副词when,where,why可以用可以用适当的介词适当的介词+which来替代。来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+w

14、hich,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which。1.I wont forget the date on which I was born.2.This is the room in which I lived.3.I dont know the reason for which he havent come today.4.Tom still remembers the days in which they lived in Tianjin.5.Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year.6.I remembe

15、r the day on which my father died.I was only ten years old at that time.=when=where=why=when=where=when介词介词+关系词中介词的选择关系词中介词的选择The money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone.He will never forget the day _ which he failed in the exam.with the money 用钱用钱onwithon the day 在那天在那天二、根据定语从句中的二、根据定语从句中的谓语

16、动词或形容词谓语动词或形容词确定确定He is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn.The West Lake,_ which Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.fromlearn from sb.向某人学习向某人学习forbe famous for因因而出名而出名 Air,_which man cant live,is really important.三、根据三、根据句意句意来确定来确定This is my pair of glasses,_ which I cannot see cl

17、early.withoutwithout Part as与与which 引导定语引导定语 从句的区别从句的区别as和和which的区别的区别 as和和which都可以代指前面的先行词或整个句子，都可以代指前面的先行词或整个句子，在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的宾语，如，在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的宾语，如，He married her，whichas was naturalI was very useful to him，which/as he realized但下列情况下但下列情况下as和和which一般不能互换：一般不能互换：1.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在引导的非限制性定语从句

18、可以放在句首、句末句首、句末，也可以插，也可以插入入主句中主句中，而，而which指前面提到的事实或情况，一般放在主指前面提到的事实或情况，一般放在主句之后，如：句之后，如：As our teacher points out，that book is of benefit to everyone he was late again this morning,which makes his teacher unhappy.2as含有含有正如、按照、正像正如、按照、正像之意，之意，as一般用在一般用在肯定肯定句中，句中，而而which则可以用于含否定意义的句子中，如：则可以用于含否定意义的句子中，

19、如：He failed in the exam again，as was expected He failed in the exam again，which was unexpected 3下列固定结构，一般不能用下列固定结构，一般不能用which，如：，如：as has been said before 如前所述如前所述 as often happens 正像经常发生的那样正像经常发生的那样 as is well known=as is known to all 众所周知众所周知 as we have expected正如我们预料的那样正如我们预料的那样 as has been menti

20、oned above正如上面提到正如上面提到的的 as we can see 正如大家看到的那样正如大家看到的那样1.as 常用于常用于the same.as,such.as 结构中。如：结构中。如：1）I have never seen such a lazy man as you(are).2）Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.2.the same.that与与the same.as的区别的区别the same.that即指即指同一同一事物；而事物；而the same.as相似相似事物。如：事物。

21、如：1)This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.2)This is the same(kind of)pen as I lost yesterday.3.such as 与与suchthat的的区别区别suchas引导引导限制性定语从句限制性定语从句，suchthat引引导导结果状语从句结果状语从句。He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.Part 关系副词的用法关系副词的用法I havent seen him

22、 since the year when he went abroadTomorrow I will go to the town where I was born.I really dont know the reason why he was late again.判断关系副词判断关系副词when.where.why在句中充当在句中充当的成分的成分小结小结：关系副词关系副词whenwhenwherewherewhywhy在定语从句中充当在定语从句中充当时间状语时间状语在定语从句中充当在定语从句中充当地点状语地点状语在定语从句中充当在定语从句中充当原因状语原因状语相当于相当于介词介词+whi

23、ch+which Part 其他注意点其他注意点填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填1：the way用做先行词用做先行词当当 the way 在从句中作在从句中作状语状语，意为方式方法的时，意为方式方法的时候，引导定语从句的关系词可以有三种形式，候，引导定语从句的关系词

24、可以有三种形式，that/in which/省略。省略。注意：注意：the way 在从句中作为主语、宾语、表语在从句中作为主语、宾语、表语时关系代词用时关系代词用that/which,作宾语时，关系代词可作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。以省略。1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能

25、爆发战争的局势中。2.2.先行词是抽象的地点，用关系副词先行词是抽象的地点，用关系副词wherewhere引导。引导。如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,condition,case,society,position等表示抽象意义等表示抽象意义的词，常用的词，常用where 引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地到了某种地步，在某种境况中步，在某种境况中”。3.“one of+复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句”中，定语从中，定语从句一般被看成修饰复数名词，因此该从句的句一般被看成修饰复数名词，因此该从句的谓语用谓语用复数形式复数形式；在；在“th

26、e only one of+复复数名词数名词+定语从句定语从句”中，定语从句常看成修中，定语从句常看成修饰单数名词，从句饰单数名词，从句谓语用单数形式谓语用单数形式。This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.Part 综合考查综合考查 wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed t

27、he book.wherethat综合考查一：定语从句与强调句综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3.-Where did you last see Mr.Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A.that B.which C.where D.when 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从

28、句与同位语从句1.We all have heard the news_ our team won.2.We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.that that/which综合考查三：定语从句与综合考查三：定语从句与表表语从句语从句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（05 江苏）江苏）A.which;where B.at which;which C.at which;where D.which;in which that/whichPractice makes perfect!Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studies!May you succeed in your studies!