新人教版八年级下册英语语法总结课件.pptx

1、 Review of Units 1-5Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦的表达方法 二、情态动词should的用法 一、询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法 (1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：Whats the matter(with sb)?（某人）怎么了？Whats wrong(with sb)?（某人）怎么了？Whats the trouble(with sb)?（某人）出什么事了？What happened(to sb)?（某人）发生了什么事？Are you OK?你没事吧？Is there anyt

2、hing wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+病症 某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词 某部位+hurt(s).某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身体部位。(There is)something wrong with ones+身体部位 二 情态动词should的用法 1Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为

3、shouldnt，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。2Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。【拓展】在英语中，表示建议：Would you like(to do)sth？=feel like doing 想要愿意（做）某事吗？Shall I/we do sth?做好吗？Why not do sth?=why dont you do sth?为什么不呢？How/What about doing sth?做某事怎么样？Lets do sth让我们做吧。had better(not)do sth最好（不）要做某事。Unit 2 Ill h

4、elp clean up the city parks 动词不定式A.作主语B.作宾语C.作（后置）定语D.作宾语补足语E.动词不定式作状语 F.固定句式A.作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。常用句型：It+be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.)to do sth.It takes sb.some time to do sth.B.作宾语动词want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare，等后常接动词不定式作宾语。常用形式：V.+todosth.C.作（后置）定语

5、常用形式：have/hassth.to doenough名词to doIts time to do sth.D.作宾语补足语tell,ask,want,invite,teach,like,call，等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语常用形式：tell/ask/want/call/invitesb.todosth.【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:一感(feel)二听(listen to,hear)三让(let,make,have)五看(look at,see,watch,notice，observe)半帮助(help)E.动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示

6、目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order(to)或so as(to)“为了，目的是”。常用结构:too+adj./adv.+to do sth.F.固定句式had better(not)do sth.Would you like to do sth.?Why not do sth.?Would you please(not)do sth.?Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Could you please.?句型（1）请求别人时通常用此句型.用could在语气上更委婉、客气、诚恳。（2）对coul

7、d you/I.?的问句作出回答 肯定：sure/certainly/of course 否定：sorry或oh,please dont（3）表示请求的句式：Would you like to do.?Would you mind doing.?Lets do.Shall I/we do.?Please do.(祈使句前加please)比较：could you please.和 could I Please.前者是请求别人帮忙后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一、提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他

8、表达方式：How/what about doing sth.?怎么样？Youd better(not)do something.最好（不）做某事 Would you like sth?想要Lets do sth?What should I do?二、until,so that,although引导的状语从句：1.在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，表示“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，表示“直到才”,谓语动词可用短暂性动词。2.so that引导目的状语从句（“为了，以便”）3.although相当于though（“尽管，虽然”），引导让步

9、状语从句。Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？过去进行时结构：was/were(not)+动词-ing 比较：一般过去时VS过去进行时用法的:一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态,过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。区别：when&while 1.由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；2.由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。3.如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。eg:the teache

10、r came in,we were talking.we were talking,the teacher came in.They were singing we were dancing.whenwhilewhilePracticing TimeReview of Units 6-10Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains1.unless引导条件状语从句 2.as soon as引导时间状语从句3.so.that引导结果状语从句 1.unless引导条件状语从句 unless=if not 除非，若不 eg:They will go to

11、morrow unless it rains.=2.as soon as引导时间状语从句（就）They will go tomorrow if it doesnt rains.eg:Hewillcomeandseeyouassoonashecan.3.so.that引导结果状语从句 句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句eg:The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.句型2：so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句 eg:It was so hot a day that they all went sw

12、imming.句型3.so+many/few+复数名词+that从句 eg:He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4：so+much/little+不可数名词+that 从句 eg:I had so little money that I couldnt buy a pen.Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级（一）原级句型：1.A is as+原级+as+B 表示A 与B一样 注意：只能修饰原级的词有very，quite，so，too，so

13、,enough,pretty等 2.Aisnotas/so+原级+asB表示A不如B（二）比较级句型 1.当句中有than 时则用比较级。2.当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？”eg:Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越“注意：加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more+形容词表示越来越 4.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。5.“A+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+”表示“A是两者中较的”。6.A+be+形容词比较级

14、+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)“表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“A最”。Eg.TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.=TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.（三）最高级常用句型结构 1“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。eg:Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.2“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是

15、中最之一”eg：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the，但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the eg:He is the best student in my class He is my best friend.3“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，orC？”用于三者以上eg:Whichisthebiggest?Themoon,thesunortheearth?4.“the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”表示是第几大（）eg:TheYellowRiveristhesecon

16、dlongestriverinChina.（四）形容词副词的规则与不规则变化 规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est;eg:tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st;eg:nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est;eg:heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，eg.big-bigger-biggest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级;

17、eg:slowly-moreslowly-mostslowly；beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worstmany/much more mostlittleless least far farther farthest further furthestold older Oldest(无血缘关系的)elder eldest（有血缘关系）Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?Unit 9 Have yo

18、u ever been to a museum?Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.现在完成时1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。（与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ago,sofar等时间状语连用）3）基本结构及句型转换：肯定句：主语+have/has+done否定句：主语+have/has+not+done一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done现在完成时的标志常与just,already,yet,ever,never,before

19、,so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。eg:Have you ever been to Japan?I have just finished my homework.for+时间段；since+过去的时间点；since+时间 段+ago；since+一般过去时的句子。eg:They have known each other for five years.Since he was a child,he has lived in England.has gone(to),has been(to),has been(in)的区别 Have/Has gone(to):去了还没回来

20、（强调动作）Eg.：-Where is your father？-He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been(to):去过已经回来 Eg.：My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：待了多久（强调持续状态）Eg.：My father has been in Shanghai for two months.=My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.【注意】短暂性动词（buy,die,join,finish等）不能直接与for,since 连用，需要

21、改变动词。begin(start)beonleavebeaway(from)openbe open borrowkeep becomebebuyhave diebe dead come/go/arrive/reach/get/move to be in/atfall asleepbe asleep closebe closed end/finishbe over put onwear动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则变化：1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick picked;wish wished;stay stayed 2.以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like liked;hope

22、hoped;phone phoned 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study studied;hurry hurried;reply replied 4.词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop stopped;clap clapped不规则变化：5.以不变应万变。如：let let;put put;read read 6.若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel felt;keep kept;sleep slept 7.结尾的字母d变t。如：lend lent;build built;send sent 8.变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy bought;bring brought;catch caught;teach taughtTheEnd