宾语从句(经典)课件.ppt

1、英语句子概论英语句子概论英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句(simple sentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)简单句的五种简单句的五种基本基本句型句型The weather is very cold.主语主语+谓语（连系动词）谓语（连系动词）+表语表语He laughed.主语主语+谓语（谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语She taught them physics.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语We must ke

2、ep the room warm.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语并列句并列句把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来。连接起来。I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.?I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.?I bought my sister a present,butshe didnt like it.常用并列连词常用并列连词:并

3、并并列句并列句and,bothand,not only but also,?平行平行并列连词并列连词:neithernor?转折转折并列连词：并列连词：but,however,while,yet,?因果因果并列连词并列连词:for,so?选择选择并列连词并列连词:or,eitheror复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句名词名词性从句性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom2.Because it is raining,we have to stay 状语从句状语从句at home3.I know(

4、that)he is from America名词名词性从句性从句-(宾语从句）宾语从句）Subject Clause(主语从句主语从句)Noun Clauses(名词性从句名词性从句)Object Clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）（表语从句）Appositive Clause名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句在复合句中能担任中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。等。主语主语What he does is importantHis job is important.表语表语This is

5、his job.This is what he does every day.I dont like his job.宾语宾语I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。Who will win the match is still unknown.主语从句主语从句I want to

6、know what he has told you.宾语从句宾语从句The fact is that we have lost the game.表语从句表语从句The news that we won the game is exciting.同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句的定义宾语从句的定义置于置于动词、介词动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是宾语从句的语序必须是 陈述语序陈述语序。谓语动词、介。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从形式后面都能带宾语从句。句。有些形容词（有些形容词（

7、afraid,sure,glad 等）之后也可等）之后也可以带宾语从句。以带宾语从句。宾语从句中引导词的用法宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词引导词有：有：连词：连词：that(that 常可省略常可省略),whether,if代词：代词：who,whose,what,which副词：副词：when,where,how,why 等。等。1.I主语主语knowhim.（简单句）（简单句）谓语谓语宾语宾语2.I主语主语主主know谓语谓语句句whoheis.（复合句）（复合句）连词连词从句主语从句主语从句谓语从句谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句宾语从句的概念：宾

8、语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句+连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句1）主句的谓语动词可以是）主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词及物动词：He wondered if he could pass the exam.2）如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的）如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的词组，那么后接的从句做词组，那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句介词宾语从句。注意：注意：动词动词+副词副词形成的谓语动词词组后也形成的谓语动词词组后也They are talking about whether they can可以带宾语从

9、句。可以带宾语从句。pass the exam.3）有些）有些形容词后形容词后也可以带有宾语从句。也可以带有宾语从句。Im afraid(that)he wont pass the exam.引导词种类一、从属连词一、从属连词1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由句），连词由that引导，因为引导，因为that在从句中在从句中不作不作任何成分任何成分，也，也没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思，因此在口语，因此在口语或非正式文体中或非正式文体中常省略常省略?Lin Tao knows(that)his own team is even bett

10、er.?She says(that)she wonttake part in the sports meetingnext Sunday.?Jim thought(that)the train was like a big moving party.?He said(that)he would like to see the headmaster.引导词种类2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词 whether或或if引导（口语中常用引导（口语中常用 if），因为），因为if/whether翻翻译成：译成：“是否是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不，具有一定的意义，所以

11、不能省略能省略Lily wanted to know if/whether her grandma likedthe handbag.Letssee if/whether we can find out some informationabout that city.It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not.引导词种类二、连接代词二、连接代词which,what,whose,who,whom,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever；连接代词在从句；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。中作主语、宾

12、语、表语、定语。I wonder who will teach us.Mr.Wang asked whose book that was.You can take whatever you like.引导词种类三、连接副词三、连接副词where,when,why,how等连接副词在句中作状语。等连接副词在句中作状语。He didnt tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?None of us knows where these new parts can be b

13、ought.带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句?Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan?Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday?Could you tell us how long the meeting will last?I dont know how far it is to the cinema.?Please tell us how many students there are in your school?Can y

14、ou tell us how old his brother is?Please tell us how soon you will be ready.二、时态二、时态1.1.如果主句是如果主句是现在的时态现在的时态（包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）?I know he lives here.?I know he lived here ten years ago.?I ha

15、ve heard that he will come tomorrow.2.如果主句是如果主句是过去的时态过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括的过去的某种时态（包括 一般过去时，过去进一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，过去完成时过去完成时）?I knew who lived here.?I told me that she was talking with her mother atthat time last week.?He asked whether h

16、is father would come backthe next day.?He said that he had seen it before.3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。The teacher said that the sun travelsaround the earth.The teacher said that the world is made upof matter.三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分1.When w

17、ill he go to the library?His brother asks when he will go to the library.?His brother asks when will he go to the library.2.What does he want to buy?I dont know what he wants to buy.?I dont know what does he want to buy.3.Who are we going to meet?Can you tell me who we are going to meet?Can you tell

18、 me who are we going to meet?4.Does he know French?We want to know if/whether he knows French.?We want to know if/whether does he know French.5.Will they go to Canada in summer?They re not sure if/whether they will go toCanada in summer.?They re not sure if/whether will they go toCanada in summer.注意

19、事项1could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。时态。?Could you please tell me where we show ourtickets?Could you tell us which gate we have to go to?Would you like to know when he will come back?2.如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能时，连词不可能是是that；如果主句的谓语动词是；如果主句的谓语动词是 say时，连时

20、，连词用词用that?She says(that)she will leave a message onhis desk.?He said(that)he was going to take care ofthe child.?He asks if I like playing the piano.?You may ask the man over there how youcan get to the bus station.3.当当doubt,doubtful用于用于肯定句肯定句时，后面的时，后面的名名词词性性从从句句连连接接词词常常用用whether或或if;当当doubt,doubtf

21、ul用于用于否定句否定句时，后面的名时，后面的名词性从句的连接词用词性从句的连接词用that。I doubt if/whether he is at home.We dont doubt that they can complete the task ahead of time.4.当当be sure引导主句是引导主句是肯定句肯定句时，后面的名时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用词性从句的连接词常用that;当当be sure引导引导的主句是的主句是否定句否定句时，后面的名词性从句的时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用连接词常用whether或或if。We are sure that he will

22、be successful soon.The old man didnt seem to be sure whether/if he had met me.5.介词后宾语从句的注意事项：介词后宾语从句的注意事项：一般情况下介词后只能用一般情况下介词后只能用 wh-类连接词引导的类连接词引导的宾语从句。宾语从句。I am surprised at what he said.介词后如果接介词后如果接that从句，要先加上从句，要先加上it,再加再加that从句，即从句，即“介词介词+it+that”结构。结构。You may depend on it that they will support

23、you.(that不能省略不能省略)介词介词except,but,besides 及及in后可接后可接that从句。从句。I know nothing about him except thathe lives here.(that 不能省略不能省略)7.只能使用只能使用whether而不能使用而不能使用if的几种情况：的几种情况：介词介词后宾语从句用后宾语从句用whether,不用不用if.whether 引导表语从句和同位语从句，而引导表语从句和同位语从句，而 if则不能。则不能。whether后可以加后可以加or not,但是但是if不可以不可以.在不定式前只能用在不定式前只能用whet

24、her.（如：（如：I cant decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。）我不能决定是否留下。）discuss后宾语从句用后宾语从句用whether不用不用if。6.在在suggest,demand,order,insist等动词之后等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即“(should+)动词原形动词原形”。He suggested that we(should)set about doing the work at once.I insist that she(should)do her work alone.The leader ord

25、ered that the army(should)set off at once.7.连词连词 if 和和 when 在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：Do you know if _back next week?If he _back,please let me know.A.he comes,will comeB.will he come,comesC.he will come,comesD.he will come,will come主句主句一般将来时态一般将来时态祈使句祈使句含有情态动词含有情态动词一般现在时态一般现在时态从句从句I dont know when he _(co

26、me).I cant will comecomeswait here any more.When he _(come),would you please ask him to call me?8.8.连词连词+宾语从句宾语从句连词连词+to do+to do?I dont know what I shall do next.I dont know what to do next.?She didnt decide which one she would choose.She didnt decide which one to choose.?Please tell me whom youll

27、give the letter to.Please tell me whom to give the letter to.9.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加 it这类动词主要有这类动词主要有:like,hate,take,owe,have,see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you wi

28、ll agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.10.宾语从句的宾语从句的否定转移否定转移主句的谓语动词是主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般

29、与宾语从句一致其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?11.宾语从句宾语从句不可以省略引导词不可以省略引导词that的情况的情况当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时此时第一个第一个that可以省略可以省略,第二个第二个that不可以省略。不可以省略。except（介词）后面宾语从句中（介词）后面宾语从句中 that不可以省略。不可以省略。宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的宾语从句紧接在间

30、接宾语后时，从句中的 that不不可以省略。可以省略。it作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的 that不省略。不省略。I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve.The teacher advised us that we should pay more attention to reading and writing.We all believed it true that Mr.Smith wasnt a thief.宾语从句专项练习题1.The shocking news ma

31、de me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A.what B.how C.that D.why2.Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why B.how C.what D.which宾语从句专项练习题3.Weve offered her the job,but I dont know _ shell accept it.A.where B.what C.whether D.which4.Before t

32、he sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which宾语从句专项练习题5.-I wonder _ youll water this kind of flower.-Every other day.A.how often B.how long C.how soon D.how much6.Men usually go straight to _ they want and leave quickly when shopping.A.what B.wh

33、ich C.where D.that宾语从句专项练习题7.We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where8.I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how宾语从句专项练习题9.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why10.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with,whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why