孙子兵法之作战篇云课件.ppt
- 【下载声明】
1. 本站全部试题类文档,若标题没写含答案,则无答案;标题注明含答案的文档,主观题也可能无答案。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
2. 本站全部PPT文档均不含视频和音频,PPT中出现的音频或视频标识(或文字)仅表示流程,实际无音频或视频文件。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
3. 本页资料《孙子兵法之作战篇云课件.ppt》由用户(晟晟文业)主动上传,其收益全归该用户。163文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对该用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上传内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知163文库(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!
4. 请根据预览情况,自愿下载本文。本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
5. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007及以上版本和PDF阅读器,压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 孙子兵法 作战 课件
- 资源描述:
-
1、INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT(IPM)VIRGINIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSIONSection 4 Unit 6 WANG SONGLIANG 2004-4-27Required Readings from Resource ManualTitlePage NumbersThe Pros and Cons of Pesticides and Their Use 242-249Interesting LinksTitleurlIntroduction to Pesticideshttp:/collections.ic.gc.ca/highway/engl
2、ish/pest/index.htmlGlyphosate-A Reviewhttp:/www.weeds.iastate.edu/mgmt/2001/glyphosate%20review.htmCrop Protection Products-Roundup Herbicidehttp:/ What is the goal of agriculture?Mainly,it is to produce healthy food,affordable for consumers to purchase,while ensuring that farmers are able to earn a
3、 decent income.Both these can be severely affected by harmful organisms,commonly referred to as pests(weeds,disease,etc.)crop protection has always been an important component of agriculture Concerns About Pesticides Pest resistance Contamination and toxicity Dispersion Of Pesticides Irrigation ditc
4、h,a potential highway for pesticides chemicals can evaporate into the air very easily.Improper settings on a sprayer can increase the risk of this Consequences of pesticides dispersion Pesticides can damage crops that are sensitive to the designed action of the material;this occurs mainly with herbi
5、cides.They can also contaminate a crop ready for harvesting(the presence of pesticide residues can disqualify a product from being brought to market).They can contaminate a potable source of water,streams and rivers,becoming harmful to fish and other organisms living in the aquasystems.They can cont
6、aminate the people living around the average life expectancy of a pesticide in the environment is 3.5 years and it varies according to the pesticides degree of persistency?factors such as pesticide characteristics,product-water relationship,action of microorganisms,and climate and soil hydrology con
7、ditions influence the chemical persistency in the environment?plastic pesticide containers collected by agri-chemical companies are recycled as fence posts and other stable plastic products?Consequences of pesticides dispersion(cont,d)In 1992-93,the Quebec Ministry of the Environment found PESTICIDE
8、 in the watercourses Integrated Pest Management(IPM)broad-based method that uses all suitable control measures to reduce pest-related losses to an acceptable level with the goal of respecting genetic diversity and reducing risks to human health and the environment.IPM calls for the management of pes
9、ts,based on flexible targets and continuous monitoring of pest populations to allow control measures,孙子兵法之孙子兵法之作戰篇作戰篇云云作戰就是要求勝,不能打不求勝之戰其用戰也貴勝,久則鈍兵挫銳其用戰也貴勝,久則鈍兵挫銳 善用兵者,役不在籍,糧不三載,取用善用兵者,役不在籍,糧不三載,取用於國,因糧於敵,故軍食可足也。於國,因糧於敵,故軍食可足也。智將務食於敵智將務食於敵 防治害蟲要速戰速決,否則需有後勤搭配。如:生物防治、連鎖殺蟑的藥劑、化學防治配合生物防治。WHY IPM?Resistan
10、ce Pest resurgence n.苏醒 Induced secondary pest outbreaks Potential hazards to wildlife Environmental and groundwater contamination哇!好吃!妈咪,我要吃!嗨!有毒别吃!吃了你会变成 食品从作物的栽培、收获、储存、加工、食品从作物的栽培、收获、储存、加工、运输、销售、烹调直至使用,经过的环节多运输、销售、烹调直至使用,经过的环节多,周期长,在此过程中有害于人体健康的周期长,在此过程中有害于人体健康的化学毒物和病菌都有可能污染食品化学毒物和病菌都有可能污染食品我是谁?祸
11、!祸!祸!砷镉汞怎么办!还是打!是躲?NO!快报告市长!治污总指挥秘书治安工商食品紧急报告“几净、享誉全球且深受中国消费者青睐的国际快餐连锁店麦当劳,竟会干危害市民身体健康的勾当?不幸的是,这样的发问却被确凿的证据所证实。本报记者通过长达20天在武汉、荆州乔装打扮隐身暗访,惊奇地发现:麦当劳竟然将炸过鸡块和薯条的废弃”毒油“,不经过任何加工处理就卖给拾荒者,再任由这些利欲熏心的外地农民,转卖到私人小餐馆、街头大排挡和养猪场,使其成为人畜共用的食用油”、“煮饭碰上“毒大米”,吃肉遇上“瘦肉精”,买菜拎回“农药菜”明天,我们还敢吃什么?关注 防治餐桌污染刻不容缓 一方餐桌,与百姓生活息息相连。正因
12、为如此,代表委员们对近年来一系列餐桌污染事件予以深切关注。我国已解决了13亿人口的吃饭问题,这是世界历史上的一个壮举。但初显丰足的“米袋子”又面临伪劣粮油制品和有毒大米频繁出现、变质面粉流入市场、染色杂粮仍在销售等新问题。来自福建的楷清海代表对“毒大米”事件至今记忆犹新:“掺着工业油的毒大米查出来的就有上百吨,没查出来的不知道还有多少流入市场,摆上餐桌,吃进老百姓肚子里。这些制售毒大米的人丧尽了天良!”老百姓一天都离不开的水果、蔬菜污染也日益严重。据农业部对5省市抽查发现,50多个品种的蔬菜、水果不同程度存在农药超标。甘肃代表王国文说:“甘肃的白兰瓜没有了过去的清香,新疆的哈密瓜失去了往日的甘
13、甜,这都是大量使用化肥、激素、农药,污染了瓜果的内在品质所致。”“MANAGE”PESTS RATHER THAN“ELIMINATE”THEM History of IPMModern humans-30,000-50,000 years ago groups worked together to procure necessary resources History of IPMFirst attempts at managementEarly pest control practices were often based on mysticism or superstition Enam
14、el plates from Assyria that are 2,700 years old show prayers to the god Ahsur to control locusts The big changeDuring 1750-1880 farming in Europe became more of a commercial enterprise than subsistence The first stepsVedalia beetle against the cottony cushion scale marked the first importation,estab
15、lishment and successful control by a natural enemy against an insect pestThe insecticide eraThe insecticide era began in 1939 with DDT and continued until 1962 DDTDuring WWII western allies use DDT for mosquito,flea and lice control Mller received the Nobel prize in medicine More chemistryThe Europe
16、ans continued work on other insecticidal compounds including the organophosphates which were originally developed as nerve gases Biomagnification The rise of IPMThe concept of pest management,rather than pest control,started in the 1960s and had its roots in biological control even with the successe
17、s of biological control,many pests didnt respond to the use of natural enemies and remained a problem and so the concept of integrated control was developed IPM foundationsThus,the cornerstones of integrated control are the use of natural enemies,use of resistant host plants,and sanitationAlso,the u
18、se of selective chemicals COMPONENTS Monitoring Establishing injury levels Planning for&integrating all controls Evaluating results(record keeping)MONITOR PEST POPULATIONS Signs&symptoms Pest life cycles Growing degree days孙子兵法之孙子兵法之謀攻篇謀攻篇云云 是故百戰百勝,非善之善者也;不戰而是故百戰百勝,非善之善者也;不戰而屈人之兵,善之善者也。屈人之兵,善之善者也。知己
19、知彼,百戰不殆;不知彼而知己,知己知彼,百戰不殆;不知彼而知己,一勝一負;不知彼,不知己,每戰必敗。一勝一負;不知彼,不知己,每戰必敗。害蟲防治強調瞭解害蟲生態,瞭解自己的能力,最高境界是能事先防患未然,不用防治。如:孳源清除、建築物之設計及建材之處理等均可預防害蟲之發生。PLAN FOR CONTROL Planning and managing production systems Establishment of economic/damage/action thresholds 孫子兵法孫子兵法之之始計篇始計篇云云未戰而廟算勝者,未戰而廟算勝者,得算多也;未戰而廟算得算多也;未戰而廟算
20、不勝者,不勝者,得算少也;多算勝得算少也;多算勝 ,少算不勝,少算不勝,況無算乎?況無算乎?害蟲防治亦強調企劃,施工計劃書的制作,包括勘察、詢問、決定對策、選擇防治方法。ESTABLISH ACCEPTABLE INJURYLEVEL AestheticAppearanceEconomicPlant replacementLoss of cropEconomics The ET is set lower than the EIL The place to set it is not exactApplication control measures Cultural control Crop
展开阅读全文